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U radu su izloženi prvi podaci o nalazima plućnih grinja Riccardoella (Riccardoella) limacum (Schrank) i R. (Proriccardoella) oudemansiThor (Acari: Ereynetidae), koje su zabeležene u Srbiji na sedam vrsta puževa i golaća (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Riccardoella (R.) limacum, koja je parazit puževa sa ljušturom, nađena je na vrstama familije Helicidae, Helixpomatia L. i H. lucorum L. Nasuprot tome, vrsta R. (P.) oudemansi nalažena je isključivo na golaćima, na vrstama: Arion lusitanicus Mabille (Arionidae), Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay) (Milacidae), Limacus flavus (L.), Limax maximus L. i L. cinereoniger Wolf (Limacidae)., The paper presents the first data on slug mites Riccardoella (Riccardoella) limacum (Schrank) and R. (Proriccardoella) oudemansiThor (Acari: Ereynetidae) in Serbia. The two parasitic species were detected on seven species of snails and slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Serbia. Riccardoella limacum, which is a specialized snail parasite, was found in Helixpomatia L. and H. lucorum L species of the family Helicidae. Riccardoella oudemansi was found exclusively on slug species: Arion lusitanicus Mabille (Arionidae), Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay) (Milacidae), Limacus flavus (L.), Limax maximus L. and L. cinereoniger Wolf (Limacidae).

The paper presents the first data on slug mites Riccardoella (Riccardoella) limacum (Schrank) and R. (Proriccardoella) oudemansiThor (Acari: Ereynetidae) in Serbia. The two parasitic species were detected on seven species of snails and slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Serbia. Riccardoella limacum, which is a specialized snail parasite, was found in Helixpomatia L. and H. lucorum L species of the family Helicidae. Riccardoella oudemansi was found exclusively on slug species: Arion lusitanicus Mabille (Arionidae), Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay) (Milacidae), Limacus flavus (L.), Limax maximus L. and L. cinereoniger Wolf (Limacidae)., U radu su izloženi prvi podaci o nalazima plućnih grinja Riccardoella (Riccardoella) limacum (Schrank) i R. (Proriccardoella) oudemansiThor (Acari: Ereynetidae), koje su zabeležene u Srbiji na sedam vrsta puževa i golaća (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Riccardoella (R.) limacum, koja je parazit puževa sa ljušturom, nađena je na vrstama familije Helicidae, Helixpomatia L. i H. lucorum L. Nasuprot tome, vrsta R. (P.) oudemansi nalažena je isključivo na golaćima, na vrstama: Arion lusitanicus Mabille (Arionidae), Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay) (Milacidae), Limacus flavus (L.), Limax maximus L. i L. cinereoniger Wolf (Limacidae).

Utvrđivan je uticaj etarskih ulja cimeta (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) i karanfilića (Eugenia caryophyllata) na prihvatljivost mamaka na bazi žita za domaćeg miša u skladišnim uslovima. U ciju optimizacije sadržaja etarskog ulja, ispitivan je efekat tri različite koncentracije, 0.5, 0.75 i 1 %. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima mlina i objektima za skladištenje semenskog i sadnog materijala. Atraktantno delovanje ispitivanih koncentracija etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića u odnosu na placebo mamac bilo je statistički značajno od početka pa do sedmog dana eksperimenta. Sedmog dana, u objektima mlina, prosečna konzumacija mamaca sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % bila je do 46 %, odnosno 35.5 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. Četrnaestog dana nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ponuđenih mamaca u objektima mlina. U skladišnim objektima semenskog i sadnog materijala, zabeležena je statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ispitivanih mamaca. Prosečna konzumacija mamaka sa sadržajem od 0.75 % i 1 % etarskog ulja cimeta, četrnaestog dana od početka eksperimenta bila je za 47 %, odnosno 51 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. U odnosu na druge ispitivane mamce, mamci sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % ispoljili su atraktantnije delovanje u odnosu na druge mamce i međusobno se nisu statistički značajno razlikovali., The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences.

Utvrđen je uticaj etarskog ulja cimeta, u koncentraciji 0.75 %, na ispoljavanje atraktivnosti mamaca, kao i ukupna biološka efikasnost aktivnih materija bromadiolona i difenakuma za domaćeg miša u praktičnim uslovima primene. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima, sa stabilnim populacijama domaćeg miša, za koje nije bila utvrđena rezistentnost na antikoagulantne rodenticide. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih mamaca na bazi bromadiolona i ispitivanih mamaca na bazi difenakuma. Mamci na bazi bromadiolona, sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta, prosečno su bili konzumirani za 74 % više od mamaca na bazi bromadiolona u kojima nije bilo dodatka ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca u suzbijanju domaćeg miša bila je 96 %. Povećanje konzumacije mamaca na bazi difenakuma sa dodatim eteričnim uljem cimeta u ovom eksperimentu bila je za 39 %, odnosno 119 % viša u odnosu na mamce bez dodatka eteričnog ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca bila je 99,5 % u suzbijanju domaćeg miša., The effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %.

The effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %., Utvrđen je uticaj etarskog ulja cimeta, u koncentraciji 0.75 %, na ispoljavanje atraktivnosti mamaca, kao i ukupna biološka efikasnost aktivnih materija bromadiolona i difenakuma za domaćeg miša u praktičnim uslovima primene. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima, sa stabilnim populacijama domaćeg miša, za koje nije bila utvrđena rezistentnost na antikoagulantne rodenticide. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih mamaca na bazi bromadiolona i ispitivanih mamaca na bazi difenakuma. Mamci na bazi bromadiolona, sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta, prosečno su bili konzumirani za 74 % više od mamaca na bazi bromadiolona u kojima nije bilo dodatka ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca u suzbijanju domaćeg miša bila je 96 %. Povećanje konzumacije mamaca na bazi difenakuma sa dodatim eteričnim uljem cimeta u ovom eksperimentu bila je za 39 %, odnosno 119 % viša u odnosu na mamce bez dodatka eteričnog ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca bila je 99,5 % u suzbijanju domaćeg miša.

The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences., Utvrđivan je uticaj etarskih ulja cimeta (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) i karanfilića (Eugenia caryophyllata) na prihvatljivost mamaka na bazi žita za domaćeg miša u skladišnim uslovima. U ciju optimizacije sadržaja etarskog ulja, ispitivan je efekat tri različite koncentracije, 0.5, 0.75 i 1 %. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima mlina i objektima za skladištenje semenskog i sadnog materijala. Atraktantno delovanje ispitivanih koncentracija etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića u odnosu na placebo mamac bilo je statistički značajno od početka pa do sedmog dana eksperimenta. Sedmog dana, u objektima mlina, prosečna konzumacija mamaca sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % bila je do 46 %, odnosno 35.5 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. Četrnaestog dana nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ponuđenih mamaca u objektima mlina. U skladišnim objektima semenskog i sadnog materijala, zabeležena je statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ispitivanih mamaca. Prosečna konzumacija mamaka sa sadržajem od 0.75 % i 1 % etarskog ulja cimeta, četrnaestog dana od početka eksperimenta bila je za 47 %, odnosno 51 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. U odnosu na druge ispitivane mamce, mamci sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % ispoljili su atraktantnije delovanje u odnosu na druge mamce i međusobno se nisu statistički značajno razlikovali.

Tokom leta 2011. i 2012. godine prvi put je dokumentovana štetnost belog puža, Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778), na povrtarskim biljkama u Srbiji. U našoj zemlji značajne štete na povrću izazivaju prvenstveno golaći, a veće štete od puževa sa ljušturom nisu uobičajene. Kada se radi o izrazito kserofilnim vrstama puževa rodova Cernuella, Xerolenta i Theba, ispoljavanje štetnosti je još ređe, jer su one ograničene na spontanu floru neobrađenih i ruderalnih površina, sa lokalnim masovnim pojavama samo na površinama pod krmnim leguminozama. Tokom produženih perioda izrazito toplih i suvih uslova, uočena je po prvi put štetnost vrste C. virgata na većem broju povrtarskih biljaka, dok je na parceli mladog luka šteta bila potpuna., Damage caused by the white snail Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) was for the first time observed in vegetable crops in Serbia during the summers of 2011 and 2012. In this country, serious damage to vegetable crops is usually caused by slugs, while snails do not normally cause any significant harm. Typical xerophilic snail species in the genera Cernuella, Xerolenta and Theba cause damage even more rarely since they are limited to wild flora in uncultivated and ruderal areas, and local outbreaks occur seldom and only in forage leguminous crops. The species C. virgata was for the first time found to cause damage to a number of vegetable crops during long periods of extremely warm and dry weather, including total devastation of a green onion crop.

Damage caused by the white snail Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) was for the first time observed in vegetable crops in Serbia during the summers of 2011 and 2012. In this country, serious damage to vegetable crops is usually caused by slugs, while snails do not normally cause any significant harm. Typical xerophilic snail species in the genera Cernuella, Xerolenta and Theba cause damage even more rarely since they are limited to wild flora in uncultivated and ruderal areas, and local outbreaks occur seldom and only in forage leguminous crops. The species C. virgata was for the first time found to cause damage to a number of vegetable crops during long periods of extremely warm and dry weather, including total devastation of a green onion crop., Tokom leta 2011. i 2012. godine prvi put je dokumentovana štetnost belog puža, Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778), na povrtarskim biljkama u Srbiji. U našoj zemlji značajne štete na povrću izazivaju prvenstveno golaći, a veće štete od puževa sa ljušturom nisu uobičajene. Kada se radi o izrazito kserofilnim vrstama puževa rodova Cernuella, Xerolenta i Theba, ispoljavanje štetnosti je još ređe, jer su one ograničene na spontanu floru neobrađenih i ruderalnih površina, sa lokalnim masovnim pojavama samo na površinama pod krmnim leguminozama. Tokom produženih perioda izrazito toplih i suvih uslova, uočena je po prvi put štetnost vrste C. virgata na većem broju povrtarskih biljaka, dok je na parceli mladog luka šteta bila potpuna.

U našoj zemlji prvi put je u zaštićenom prostoru utvrđeno prisustvo zasnovane populacije valensijskog golaća, Lehmania valentiana (Ferussac, 1821), alohtone vrste. Prve jedinke su nam dostavljene tokom decembra 2010, i laboratorijski su gajene do kraja aprila 2011. godine, kada su uginule. U maju su sakupljene nove jedinke različitog uzrasta na istom lokalitetu, unutrašnjem vrtu hotela Hyatt Regency, Beograd. Ukoliko valensijski golać uspostavi guste populacije u plastenicima i staklenicima, mogu se očekivati velike štete na biljkama. Nasuprot tome, malo je verovatno da se ova introdukovana vrsta može održati u poljskim uslovima u našoj zemlji., The established indoor population of introduced Valencia slug, Lehmania valentiana (Ferussac, 1821), has been recorded for the first time in Serbia. The first two specimens had been found in December, 2010 and cultivated in the laboratory by the end of April, 2011 when they died. In May, we collected new specimens of different ages in the same locality, indoor garden of Hyatt Regency Belgrade hotel. In the case of large population densities Valencia slug could cause severe damage to greenhouse plants in our country, yet it is unlikely that it could survive winter outdoor in Serbia, and we do not expect its permanent outdoor establishment.

The established indoor population of introduced Valencia slug, Lehmania valentiana (Ferussac, 1821), has been recorded for the first time in Serbia. The first two specimens had been found in December, 2010 and cultivated in the laboratory by the end of April, 2011 when they died. In May, we collected new specimens of different ages in the same locality, indoor garden of Hyatt Regency Belgrade hotel. In the case of large population densities Valencia slug could cause severe damage to greenhouse plants in our country, yet it is unlikely that it could survive winter outdoor in Serbia, and we do not expect its permanent outdoor establishment., U našoj zemlji prvi put je u zaštićenom prostoru utvrđeno prisustvo zasnovane populacije valensijskog golaća, Lehmania valentiana (Ferussac, 1821), alohtone vrste. Prve jedinke su nam dostavljene tokom decembra 2010, i laboratorijski su gajene do kraja aprila 2011. godine, kada su uginule. U maju su sakupljene nove jedinke različitog uzrasta na istom lokalitetu, unutrašnjem vrtu hotela Hyatt Regency, Beograd. Ukoliko valensijski golać uspostavi guste populacije u plastenicima i staklenicima, mogu se očekivati velike štete na biljkama. Nasuprot tome, malo je verovatno da se ova introdukovana vrsta može održati u poljskim uslovima u našoj zemlji.

Sedmodnevno laboratorijsko testiranje delovanja moluskocidnih mamaka na bazi različitih aktivnih materija obavljeno je na juvenilima i mladim adultima golaća Arion lusitanicus Mabille, prikupljenim na ruderalnim površinama tokom juna i jula meseca 2008. godine. Pre postavljanja ogleda, prikupljeni golaći adaptirani su na laboratorijske uslove. Testiranje je izvedeno prema prilagođenoj metodi koju su predložili Godan (1983) i Wiktor (1989). Puževi su držani u arenama, u kontrolisanim uslovima (temperatura 20-24oC, relativna vlažnost 80-90%, bez strujanja vazduha i uz difuzno dnevno svetlo). Zavisno od broja jedinki, primenjene su manje (15,5 x 15,5 x 7 cm) i veće (28 x 17,5 x 7 cm) arene i različite količine hrane i mamaka. Kao arene su upotrebljene plastične kutije sa perforiranim poklopcem, obložene višeslojnom hartijom, koja je vlažena jednom dnevno. Puževi su dnevno hranjeni svežom salatom, a mamak je postavljan u otvorene petrijeve posude prečnika 35 mm, i nije menjan tokom eksperimenta. Prvi ogled, individualno izlaganje golaća mamcima, obavljen je sa četiri tretmana po 20 arena, u dva ponavljanja, sa ukupno 160 puževa. Drugi ogled, grupno izlaganje mamcima, obavljen je sa četiri tretmana po pet puževa u areni, u šest ponavljanja, sa ukupno 120 puževa. U eksperimentu sa jednim pužem u areni, najveću efikasnost postigli su preparati Arion i Pužomor pelete (77,5%). Prosečna efikasnost preparata Carakol, posle sedam dana ekspozicije, bila je 60,0%. Grupnim izlaganjem puževa mamcima, preparat Pužomor pelete, trećeg dana ekspozicije, pokazao je efikasnost od 79,3%, koja se nije menjala do kraja eksperimenta. Sedmog dana ekspozicije efikasnost preparata Arion i Carakol bila je 33,3%, odnosno 40,0%., Molluscicide baits based on different active ingredients were tested in a seven-day laboratory trial on juveniles and young adults of Arion lusitanicus Mabille slug collected in ruderal sites during June and July of 2008. Before setting the trial, the slugs were adapted to laboratory conditions. The testing was conducted using a modified version of the method proposed by Godan (1983) and Wiktor (1989). The slugs were kept in arenas under controlled conditions (20-24oC temperature, 80-90% relative air humidity, no air stream, diffuse daylight). Smaller (15.5 x 15.5 x 7 cm) and larger (28 x 17.5 x 7 cm) arenas were used, depending on slug numbers, and different rates of food and bait were administered. Plastic boxes with perforated coverage, lined with multi-ply paper moistened on a daily basis, were used as arenas. The slugs were fed on fresh salad daily, while baits were administered in open 35 mm petri dishes once for the duration of experiment. The first trial involved single-slug exposures to bait in 20 arenas per each of four treatments with two replicates and a total of 160 slugs. The second trial, group exposure, involved four treatments of five slugs per arena in six replicates with a total of 120 slugs. The products Arion and Pužomor demonstrated the highest efficacy (77.5%) in the single- slug trial. The average efficacy of the product Carakol after seven days of exposure was 60.0%. Regarding group exposure, Pužomor pellets achieved 79.3% efficacy after three days and this efficacy rate remained for the rest of the experiment. On the seventh day of exposure, Arion and Carakol had 33.3% and 40.0% efficacy, respectively.

Molluscicide baits based on different active ingredients were tested in a seven-day laboratory trial on juveniles and young adults of Arion lusitanicus Mabille slug collected in ruderal sites during June and July of 2008. Before setting the trial, the slugs were adapted to laboratory conditions. The testing was conducted using a modified version of the method proposed by Godan (1983) and Wiktor (1989). The slugs were kept in arenas under controlled conditions (20-24oC temperature, 80-90% relative air humidity, no air stream, diffuse daylight). Smaller (15.5 x 15.5 x 7 cm) and larger (28 x 17.5 x 7 cm) arenas were used, depending on slug numbers, and different rates of food and bait were administered. Plastic boxes with perforated coverage, lined with multi-ply paper moistened on a daily basis, were used as arenas. The slugs were fed on fresh salad daily, while baits were administered in open 35 mm petri dishes once for the duration of experiment. The first trial involved single-slug exposures to bait in 20 arenas per each of four treatments with two replicates and a total of 160 slugs. The second trial, group exposure, involved four treatments of five slugs per arena in six replicates with a total of 120 slugs. The products Arion and Pužomor demonstrated the highest efficacy (77.5%) in the single- slug trial. The average efficacy of the product Carakol after seven days of exposure was 60.0%. Regarding group exposure, Pužomor pellets achieved 79.3% efficacy after three days and this efficacy rate remained for the rest of the experiment. On the seventh day of exposure, Arion and Carakol had 33.3% and 40.0% efficacy, respectively., Sedmodnevno laboratorijsko testiranje delovanja moluskocidnih mamaka na bazi različitih aktivnih materija obavljeno je na juvenilima i mladim adultima golaća Arion lusitanicus Mabille, prikupljenim na ruderalnim površinama tokom juna i jula meseca 2008. godine. Pre postavljanja ogleda, prikupljeni golaći adaptirani su na laboratorijske uslove. Testiranje je izvedeno prema prilagođenoj metodi koju su predložili Godan (1983) i Wiktor (1989). Puževi su držani u arenama, u kontrolisanim uslovima (temperatura 20-24oC, relativna vlažnost 80-90%, bez strujanja vazduha i uz difuzno dnevno svetlo). Zavisno od broja jedinki, primenjene su manje (15,5 x 15,5 x 7 cm) i veće (28 x 17,5 x 7 cm) arene i različite količine hrane i mamaka. Kao arene su upotrebljene plastične kutije sa perforiranim poklopcem, obložene višeslojnom hartijom, koja je vlažena jednom dnevno. Puževi su dnevno hranjeni svežom salatom, a mamak je postavljan u otvorene petrijeve posude prečnika 35 mm, i nije menjan tokom eksperimenta. Prvi ogled, individualno izlaganje golaća mamcima, obavljen je sa četiri tretmana po 20 arena, u dva ponavljanja, sa ukupno 160 puževa. Drugi ogled, grupno izlaganje mamcima, obavljen je sa četiri tretmana po pet puževa u areni, u šest ponavljanja, sa ukupno 120 puževa. U eksperimentu sa jednim pužem u areni, najveću efikasnost postigli su preparati Arion i Pužomor pelete (77,5%). Prosečna efikasnost preparata Carakol, posle sedam dana ekspozicije, bila je 60,0%. Grupnim izlaganjem puževa mamcima, preparat Pužomor pelete, trećeg dana ekspozicije, pokazao je efikasnost od 79,3%, koja se nije menjala do kraja eksperimenta. Sedmog dana ekspozicije efikasnost preparata Arion i Carakol bila je 33,3%, odnosno 40,0%.

Slugs are major crop pests in terms of economic damage they cause. As their numbers have significantly increased over the past years, so has the use of pesticides in an effort to control them, while measures of integrated protection have come into focus of plant protection worldwide in recent years. In Serbia, significant damage is caused by a newly-introduced species, the Spanish or Lusitanian slug Arion lusitanicus Mabille, which causes damage to a large spectrum of cultivated crops more massively and more regularly than slug species found in earlier times (Deroceras, Tandonia, Umax spp). Investigating slug control in the field, we tested several methiocarb - and metaldehyde-based products used on a regular basis, as well as a Fe-based pyriphosphate hydrate, which is ecologically-friendly and biodegradable to Fe and phosphates, analogs of the natural products of plant parts, soil microorganisms and animals. We also present the results of a laboratory examination of two-day effects of several baits on slug adults in a period of extended oviposition., Puževi su veoma važne štetočine gajenih biljaka. Poslednjih godina dolazi do znatnog povećanja njihove brojnosti, te se sve vise pesticida koristi za njihovo suzbijanje. Međutim, kao i u zaštiti bilja uopšte, velika pažnja se posvećuje i integralnim merama suzbijanja puževa. Pored ranije prisutnih vrsta (Deroceras agreste, Helixpomatia) u poslednje dve godine velike ekonomske štete, posebno povrtnjacima, pričinjava i novointrodukovana vrsta u Srbiji, veliki puž golać (Arion lusitanicus Mabille). Za suzbijanje puževa u ovom radu smo, osim standardnih preparata na bazi metiokarba i metaldehida, koristili i ekološki povoljan preparat na bazi Fe pirifosfat hidrata, koji je biodegradabilan do Fe i fosfata, analoga produkata konstituenata biljaka, zemljišnih mikroorganizama i životinja. U radu su izloženi rezultati laboratorijskih i poljskih testova efekata različitih moluskocidnih mamaca na odrasle puževe golaće u periodu produžene ovipozicije.

U odnosu na ukupnu štetnost koju nanose ishranom i drugim aktivnostima, ali i kao prenosioci većeg broja prouzrokovača različitih obolenja, glodari spadaju u najštetnije vrste sitnih sisara. U praktičnim uslovima primene, rodenticidi hemijskog porekla predstavljali su najprimenljiviji i najefektniji način suzbijanja štetnih komensalnih (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) kao i najštetnijih vrsta poljskih glodara (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. agrarius, Microtus arvalis). U odnosu na antikoagulantne rodenticide i vitamin D3, koji su uvedeni u primenu do 80-ih godina prošlog veka, u svetu, u praktičnim uslovima primene, ni jedno novo jedinjenje nije zauzelo značajniju ulogu kao rodenticid. Proteklih desetak godina u našoj zemlji registrovani su i komercijalno dostupni mamci sa sadržajem 0.1% natrijum selenita, različitih formulacija, kao rodenticidi za suzbijanje glodara u zaštićenim i uslovima otvorenog polja. Za sada je malo dostupnih podataka o natrijum selenitu kao rodenticidu. Cilj ovog rada je predstavljanje rezultata dosadašnjih istraživanja, njihova analiza i donošenje zaključaka o mogućnosti i opravdanosti primene natrijum selenita za suzbijanje glodara, sa osvrtom na dostupne ekotoksikološke podatke., Rodents are the most destructive group of small mammalian pests considering the overall damage that they cause by feeding and other activities, or as vectors of many disease agents. In practice, chemical rodenticides have been the most widespread and most effective method of control of commensal (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) and most harmful field rodent pests (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. agrarius and Microtus arvalis). After anticoagulant and vitamin D3 rodenticides, which were introduced worldwide in the 1980s, no other chemical compound has had a comparable role as a rodenticide in practice. In the past decade, commercial baits containing 0.1% sodium selenite have also been registered in Serbia in various formulations both for controlling rodents indoors and in the field. Data on sodium selenite as a rodenticide have been scarce. The present paper surveys research data reported so far, analyzing and drawing conclusions regarding the validity and feasibility of sodium selenite as a method of rodent control with reference to the available ecotoxicological data.

Rodents are the most destructive group of small mammalian pests considering the overall damage that they cause by feeding and other activities, or as vectors of many disease agents. In practice, chemical rodenticides have been the most widespread and most effective method of control of commensal (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) and most harmful field rodent pests (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. agrarius and Microtus arvalis). After anticoagulant and vitamin D3 rodenticides, which were introduced worldwide in the 1980s, no other chemical compound has had a comparable role as a rodenticide in practice. In the past decade, commercial baits containing 0.1% sodium selenite have also been registered in Serbia in various formulations both for controlling rodents indoors and in the field. Data on sodium selenite as a rodenticide have been scarce. The present paper surveys research data reported so far, analyzing and drawing conclusions regarding the validity and feasibility of sodium selenite as a method of rodent control with reference to the available ecotoxicological data., U odnosu na ukupnu štetnost koju nanose ishranom i drugim aktivnostima, ali i kao prenosioci većeg broja prouzrokovača različitih obolenja, glodari spadaju u najštetnije vrste sitnih sisara. U praktičnim uslovima primene, rodenticidi hemijskog porekla predstavljali su najprimenljiviji i najefektniji način suzbijanja štetnih komensalnih (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) kao i najštetnijih vrsta poljskih glodara (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. agrarius, Microtus arvalis). U odnosu na antikoagulantne rodenticide i vitamin D3, koji su uvedeni u primenu do 80-ih godina prošlog veka, u svetu, u praktičnim uslovima primene, ni jedno novo jedinjenje nije zauzelo značajniju ulogu kao rodenticid. Proteklih desetak godina u našoj zemlji registrovani su i komercijalno dostupni mamci sa sadržajem 0.1% natrijum selenita, različitih formulacija, kao rodenticidi za suzbijanje glodara u zaštićenim i uslovima otvorenog polja. Za sada je malo dostupnih podataka o natrijum selenitu kao rodenticidu. Cilj ovog rada je predstavljanje rezultata dosadašnjih istraživanja, njihova analiza i donošenje zaključaka o mogućnosti i opravdanosti primene natrijum selenita za suzbijanje glodara, sa osvrtom na dostupne ekotoksikološke podatke.

Namera istraživanja je bila da se utvrdi mogućnost primene ispitivanih esencijalnih ulja u rodenticidnim mamcima kao potencijalnih dodataka, u količinama kojima bi se onemogućio razvoj plesni i koje su primenjive u humanoj medicini. Na taj način, primenom ovih esencijalnih ulja produžila bi se upotrebna vrednost mamaka i redukovala količina primene konzervanasa, koji najčešće negativno utiču na prihvatljivost mamaka. Pod kontrolisanim laboratorijskim uslovima, u testu sa izborom hrane, utvrđivan je uticaj esencijalnih ulja deset različitih vrsta biljaka, u količinama od 1 i 2 ml/kg placebo mamca na prihvatljivost i palatabilnost za jedinke domaćeg miša, soja Swiss. Ispitivani mamci su pripremljeni u skladu sa metodom EPPO (2004) standarda. Uticaj esencijalnih ulja na prihvatljivost i palatabilnost mamaka je izračunat na osnovu proporcije koju su predložili Johnson i Prescott (1994). Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u težinama između slučajno odabranih grupa eksperimentalnih jedinki. Tokom eksperimenta i u periodu oporavka nisu zabeležene promene u ponašanju eksperimentalnih jedinki, kao ni uginuća. Esencijalna ulja cimeta i anisa, koji se i inače koriste kao atraktanti, i ulje karanfilića, ispoljili su najbolje efekte, odnosno nisu negativno uticali na prihvatljivost i palatabilnost, dok su ulja morača i bergamota ispoljili repelentno dejstvo, koje je bilo izraženije povećavanjem sadržaja ulja u mamcima., The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of application of essential oils as additives in cereal-based rodenticide baits, at rates which prevent mould development and are applicable in humane medicine. Also, the purpose of these oils would be to extend the utility value of baits and reduce the use of antifungal ingredients that usually affect bait acceptance. The effects of essential oils of ten different plant species, applied at rates of one and two ml per kg of plain bait, on bait acceptance and palatability in choice feeding tests for Swiss mice were studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Baits were prepared according to relevant EPPO standards (2004). The effects of essential oils on bait acceptance and palatability for Swiss mice were determined in choice feeding tests using a formula by Johnson and Prescott (1994). There was no significant statistical difference in effects between groups and sexes regarding weight change in the experiment. During the experiment and recovery period, neither change in mice behavior no deaths were observed. Cinnamon and anise essential oils, commonly used as attractants, and clove oil, were most effective because they had no negative effect on bait acceptance and palatability, while fenchel and bergamot oils showed repellent activity that grew as the oil content in baits increased.

The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of application of essential oils as additives in cereal-based rodenticide baits, at rates which prevent mould development and are applicable in humane medicine. Also, the purpose of these oils would be to extend the utility value of baits and reduce the use of antifungal ingredients that usually affect bait acceptance. The effects of essential oils of ten different plant species, applied at rates of one and two ml per kg of plain bait, on bait acceptance and palatability in choice feeding tests for Swiss mice were studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Baits were prepared according to relevant EPPO standards (2004). The effects of essential oils on bait acceptance and palatability for Swiss mice were determined in choice feeding tests using a formula by Johnson and Prescott (1994). There was no significant statistical difference in effects between groups and sexes regarding weight change in the experiment. During the experiment and recovery period, neither change in mice behavior no deaths were observed. Cinnamon and anise essential oils, commonly used as attractants, and clove oil, were most effective because they had no negative effect on bait acceptance and palatability, while fenchel and bergamot oils showed repellent activity that grew as the oil content in baits increased., Namera istraživanja je bila da se utvrdi mogućnost primene ispitivanih esencijalnih ulja u rodenticidnim mamcima kao potencijalnih dodataka, u količinama kojima bi se onemogućio razvoj plesni i koje su primenjive u humanoj medicini. Na taj način, primenom ovih esencijalnih ulja produžila bi se upotrebna vrednost mamaka i redukovala količina primene konzervanasa, koji najčešće negativno utiču na prihvatljivost mamaka. Pod kontrolisanim laboratorijskim uslovima, u testu sa izborom hrane, utvrđivan je uticaj esencijalnih ulja deset različitih vrsta biljaka, u količinama od 1 i 2 ml/kg placebo mamca na prihvatljivost i palatabilnost za jedinke domaćeg miša, soja Swiss. Ispitivani mamci su pripremljeni u skladu sa metodom EPPO (2004) standarda. Uticaj esencijalnih ulja na prihvatljivost i palatabilnost mamaka je izračunat na osnovu proporcije koju su predložili Johnson i Prescott (1994). Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u težinama između slučajno odabranih grupa eksperimentalnih jedinki. Tokom eksperimenta i u periodu oporavka nisu zabeležene promene u ponašanju eksperimentalnih jedinki, kao ni uginuća. Esencijalna ulja cimeta i anisa, koji se i inače koriste kao atraktanti, i ulje karanfilića, ispoljili su najbolje efekte, odnosno nisu negativno uticali na prihvatljivost i palatabilnost, dok su ulja morača i bergamota ispoljili repelentno dejstvo, koje je bilo izraženije povećavanjem sadržaja ulja u mamcima.

Radi očuvanja životne sredine postoji težnja da se hemijska sredstva u zaštiti bilja zamenjuju ekološki prihvatljivijim supstancama. Kad su u pitanju rodenticidi i glodari malo se čini na unapređenju suzbijanja ovih štetočina na stočarskim farmama i ratarskim objektima. U ovom radu ispitivan je preparat na bazi selena, koji je zbog načina delovanja prihvatljiviji od hemijskih preparata. Efekat uginjavanja glodara postiže se jednokratnim unošenjem i ne postoji opasnost od trovanja neciljnih organizama. Simptomi trovanja ovom supstancom nisu vidljivi pre smrti jedinke. Nije poznata ni mogućnost razvoja rezistentnosti jer se mehanizam delovanja ove supstance zasniva na izazivanju smrti ćelija, zamenom S-H grupa funkcionalnih ćelija S-S vezama. Eksperimenti su izvođeni prema standardnoj metodi EPPO. Parafinski mamci su postavljeni u kutijama na mestima gde su primećena najveća oštećenja od glodara. Korišćeno je za miševe 20 g, a za pacove 50-100 g. Svakodnevno je praćena dinamika unošenja mamaka i dodavana nova količina tokom trajanja ogleda. Brojnost glodara procenjena je na osnovu najmanje i najveće dnevno pojedene količine mamka u periodu trajanja eksperimenta i odnosa dnevne potrebe za hranom. Prisustvo glodara je praćeno narednih 20 dana. Efikasnost testiranih parafinskih preparata izračunata je po Abbott-ovoj formuli. Poređena je efikasnost ovog preparata sa brzodelujućim preparatima na bazi vitamina D3 i sporodelujućim antikoagulantima na bazi bromadiolona u eksperimentima sa Mus musculus i Rattus norvegicus. Ekološko prihvatljivi preparat na bazi natrijum-selenita je ispoljio efikasnost od 87,5% za kućnog miša i 88,1% za sivog pacova. Bio je efikasniji od ostalih preparata u eksperimentu., In the function of environment preservation, chemical product used in plant protection are being substituted by environmentally friendly substances. When it comes to rodenticides and rodents not much is done for improvement of the control of these pests on cattle farms and in field crops facilities. A selenium based product, which for its mode of action is more acceptable than chemical products, was investigated in this paper. Rodent death is achieved with a single ingestion and there is no risk of intoxication of non-target organisms. Symptoms of intoxication with this substance are not visible before the death of an individual. The possibility of resistance development is not known as the mode of action of this substance is based on cell death caused by switch of S-H groups in functional cells by S-S bonds. Experiments were conducted according to standard EPPO method. Paraffin baits in boxes were placed at points where the greatest damage caused by rodents was observed. For mice was used 20 g, and for rats 50-100 g. Dynamics of bait ingestion was monitored daily and new quantities were added during the experiment. The abundance of rodents was estimated by dividing the ratio of the minimum and maximum amounts of daily eaten bait during the experiment by daily food needs. The presence of rodents was monitored the following 20 days. The efficacy of tested paraffin products was calculated using Abbott's formula. The efficacy of this product was compared to the fast acting products based on vitamin D3 and to slow acting bromadiolone based anticoagulants in the experiments with Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. Eco-friendly sodium-selenite based product expressed efficacy of 87,5% for house mouse and 88,1% for the gray rat. It had higher efficacy than other products in the experiment.

In the function of environment preservation, chemical product used in plant protection are being substituted by environmentally friendly substances. When it comes to rodenticides and rodents not much is done for improvement of the control of these pests on cattle farms and in field crops facilities. A selenium based product, which for its mode of action is more acceptable than chemical products, was investigated in this paper. Rodent death is achieved with a single ingestion and there is no risk of intoxication of non-target organisms. Symptoms of intoxication with this substance are not visible before the death of an individual. The possibility of resistance development is not known as the mode of action of this substance is based on cell death caused by switch of S-H groups in functional cells by S-S bonds. Experiments were conducted according to standard EPPO method. Paraffin baits in boxes were placed at points where the greatest damage caused by rodents was observed. For mice was used 20 g, and for rats 50-100 g. Dynamics of bait ingestion was monitored daily and new quantities were added during the experiment. The abundance of rodents was estimated by dividing the ratio of the minimum and maximum amounts of daily eaten bait during the experiment by daily food needs. The presence of rodents was monitored the following 20 days. The efficacy of tested paraffin products was calculated using Abbott's formula. The efficacy of this product was compared to the fast acting products based on vitamin D3 and to slow acting bromadiolone based anticoagulants in the experiments with Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. Eco-friendly sodium-selenite based product expressed efficacy of 87,5% for house mouse and 88,1% for the gray rat. It had higher efficacy than other products in the experiment., Radi očuvanja životne sredine postoji težnja da se hemijska sredstva u zaštiti bilja zamenjuju ekološki prihvatljivijim supstancama. Kad su u pitanju rodenticidi i glodari malo se čini na unapređenju suzbijanja ovih štetočina na stočarskim farmama i ratarskim objektima. U ovom radu ispitivan je preparat na bazi selena, koji je zbog načina delovanja prihvatljiviji od hemijskih preparata. Efekat uginjavanja glodara postiže se jednokratnim unošenjem i ne postoji opasnost od trovanja neciljnih organizama. Simptomi trovanja ovom supstancom nisu vidljivi pre smrti jedinke. Nije poznata ni mogućnost razvoja rezistentnosti jer se mehanizam delovanja ove supstance zasniva na izazivanju smrti ćelija, zamenom S-H grupa funkcionalnih ćelija S-S vezama. Eksperimenti su izvođeni prema standardnoj metodi EPPO. Parafinski mamci su postavljeni u kutijama na mestima gde su primećena najveća oštećenja od glodara. Korišćeno je za miševe 20 g, a za pacove 50-100 g. Svakodnevno je praćena dinamika unošenja mamaka i dodavana nova količina tokom trajanja ogleda. Brojnost glodara procenjena je na osnovu najmanje i najveće dnevno pojedene količine mamka u periodu trajanja eksperimenta i odnosa dnevne potrebe za hranom. Prisustvo glodara je praćeno narednih 20 dana. Efikasnost testiranih parafinskih preparata izračunata je po Abbott-ovoj formuli. Poređena je efikasnost ovog preparata sa brzodelujućim preparatima na bazi vitamina D3 i sporodelujućim antikoagulantima na bazi bromadiolona u eksperimentima sa Mus musculus i Rattus norvegicus. Ekološko prihvatljivi preparat na bazi natrijum-selenita je ispoljio efikasnost od 87,5% za kućnog miša i 88,1% za sivog pacova. Bio je efikasniji od ostalih preparata u eksperimentu.

Pored preventivnih mera koje treba primeniti prilikom izgradnje objekata i skladištenja žitarica (zrna pšenice, kukuruza, ječma) u njima, primena rodenticida predstavlja najzastupljeniju meru suzbijanja komensalnih vrsta glodara. Suzbijanje se izvodi kada se primeti njihovo prisustvo, pri čemu se najbolji efekti postižu početkom i tokom jeseni. Koriste se mamci sa različitim sadržajem hlorofacinona za suzbijanje glodara u različitim sredinama. Zbog toga smo hteli da ispitamo i uporedimo efikasnost mamaka sa sadržajem 0,005% i 0,075% hlorofacinona u skladištima u kojima se žitarice čuvaju u vrećama. Eksperimenti su izvedeni prema metodi OEPP/EPPO. Upotrebljeni su mamci u obliku paste - meki mamak, RB - spreman za upotrebu formulacije. Postavljani su u kutije, na staze, ispod paleta sa vrećama i na mestima gde su primećena najveća oštećenja. Na rastojanju 1-3 m postavljano je 10-20 g mamka za suzbijanje domaćeg miša, odnosno na izabranim mestima 30-50 g mamka za suzbijanje sivog pacova. Tokom deset dana posmatranja, svakodnevno je beležena količina pojedenog mamka i prema potrebi dodavana nova. Neotrovni (placebo) mamci prethodno su izlagani u identičnim kutijama, četiri dana pre početka eksperimenta. Brojnost glodara procenjena je na osnovu najveće i najmanje dnevno pojedene količine mamka podeljene sa dnevnim potrebama za hranom. Prisustvo glodara je praćeno i narednih 20 dana. Efikasnost rodenticida izračunata je prema Abotovoj formuli. Utvrđeno je da sadržaj aktivne supstance hlorofacinona od 0,005% i 0,0075% u mamcima RB formulacije nije značajan za prihvatljivost i efikasnost mamaka primenjenih za suzbijanje domaćeg miša i sivog pacova u skladištima žitarica. Prosečna efikasnost hlorofacinona bila je 87-93% u suzbijanju domaćeg miša i 90-100% u suzbijanju sivog pacova., Apart from some preventive measures advisably taken during construction of storage facilities or at the time of product storage, treatments with chemical rodenticides are the most widely practiced method of controlling commensal rodents. Their control in storage facilities is normally carried out after animal presence has been observed, and treatments from early autumn onwards throughout the season provide the best effect. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of rodent control using baits with less content am chlorofacinon than recommended, to the protection of stored plant products. The experiments were set up using the relevant OEPP/EPPO method. A ready for use (RB) paste bait formulation was used with different contents (0.005% and 0.0075%) of the active ingredient chlorophacinone. Baits were laid in boxes along rodent routes, underneath pallets with sacs and in places where major damage had been observed. Baits for house mouse were placed at a rate of 10-20 g per 1-3 m, while 30-50 g of bait for brown rats were laid at specific points. Daily bait intake was monitored over a period of ten days and the portions were replaced with new ones as needed. Placebo baits were laid in identical boxes for four days before the experiment began. The abundance of house mouse was estimated based on the highest and lowest daily intake of bait divided by the species' daily requirement. Mice presence was monitored over the next 20 days. Rodenticide efficacy was calculated using Abbott's formula. The data in this experiment show that chorophacinone contents of 0.005% and 0.0075% in RB baits had no effect on the palatability and bait efficacy in controlling house mouse and brown rat indoors. The average efficacy of chorophacinone was 87-93% against house mouse and 90-100% against brown rat.

Radi poređenja efikasnosti različitih formulacija rodenticida na bazi bromadiolona u suzbijanju mešanih populacija poljske voluharice i poljskog miša u usevu lucerke, prema standardnoj metodi EPPO izvedeni su eksperimenti u proleće 2010. godine na lokalitetima Belegiš i Putinci. Eksperiment je postavljen po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu, sa četiri ponavljanja i veličinom osnovne parcele od 400 m2. Na osnovu izgleda i prostornog rasporeda aktivnih rupa utvrđena je zastupljenost vrsta sitnih glodara i njihova brojnost na eksperimentalnim parcelama. Efikasnost formulacija rodenticida je ocenjivana prema formuli Henderson & Tilton, na osnovu broja aktivnih rupa, sedam, 14 i 28 dana posle tretmana. Ispitivane su komercijalno dostupne formulacije rodenticida: AB (zrnasti mamak), RB (gotov mamak za upotrebu - kesice) i PT (pelete), sa sadržajem 0,005% aktivne materije bromadiolona. Jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između efikasnosti formulacija rodenticida posle sedam dana na lokalitetu Belegiš i posle sedam i 14 dana na lokalitetu Putinci. Na lokalitetu Belegiš, 14-og dana od početka eksperimenta postojala je statistički značajna razlika između efikasnosti formulacija rodenticida. Takođe, i na kraju eksperimenta, efikasnost formulacija rodenticida se statistički značajno razlikovala na oba lokaliteta. AB formulacija rodenticida imala je nominalno najnižu prosečnu efikasnost od 72,5%, dok je prosečna efikasnost RB i PT formulacije bila viša, 88,3%, odnosno 77,7% u suzbijanju mešanih populacija poljske voluharice i poljskog miša u lucerki. Upotrebom RB formulacije rodenticida na bazi bromadiolona moguće je unaprediti program zaštite lucerke od štetnih glodara., In order to compare the efficacy of different formulations of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides against mixed populations of common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall) and striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in alfalfa, the testing was conducted using the standard EPPO method at the locations of Belegiš and Putinci, in summer of 2010. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized block with four replicates and with the main plot area of 400 m2. The abundance and distribution of small rodents populations at the experimental plots were determined on the basis of appearance and spatial distribution of active holes. The efficacy of different rodenticide formulations was evaluated according to the number of active holes 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment (DAT), using the Henderson- Tilton's formula. The testing was done with the commercially available rodenticide formulations: AB (grain-based baits), RB (ready-to-use baits - pouches) and PT (pellets), containing 0.005% of active ingredient Bromodiolone. The monofactoral analysing of variance did not result in any statistically significant difference in efficacy of rodenticide formulations 7 DAT at the Belegiš locality and 7 and 14 DAT at the Putinci locality. But, the statistically significant difference in efficacy of rodenticide formulations was observed at Belegiš locality on the 14th day of the experiment. Also, at the end of experiment, the efficacy of rodenticide formulations significantly varied at both locations. Nominally, the lowest efficacy of 72.5% was exhibited by AB formulation, while the average efficacy of RB and PT formulations against mixed populations of common vole and striped field mouse in alfalfa was 88.3% and 77.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the use of RB formulation of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides can improve the control of rodent pests in alfalfa.

Apart from some preventive measures advisably taken during construction of storage facilities or at the time of product storage, treatments with chemical rodenticides are the most widely practiced method of controlling commensal rodents. Their control in storage facilities is normally carried out after animal presence has been observed, and treatments from early autumn onwards throughout the season provide the best effect. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of rodent control using baits with less content am chlorofacinon than recommended, to the protection of stored plant products. The experiments were set up using the relevant OEPP/EPPO method. A ready for use (RB) paste bait formulation was used with different contents (0.005% and 0.0075%) of the active ingredient chlorophacinone. Baits were laid in boxes along rodent routes, underneath pallets with sacs and in places where major damage had been observed. Baits for house mouse were placed at a rate of 10-20 g per 1-3 m, while 30-50 g of bait for brown rats were laid at specific points. Daily bait intake was monitored over a period of ten days and the portions were replaced with new ones as needed. Placebo baits were laid in identical boxes for four days before the experiment began. The abundance of house mouse was estimated based on the highest and lowest daily intake of bait divided by the species' daily requirement. Mice presence was monitored over the next 20 days. Rodenticide efficacy was calculated using Abbott's formula. The data in this experiment show that chorophacinone contents of 0.005% and 0.0075% in RB baits had no effect on the palatability and bait efficacy in controlling house mouse and brown rat indoors. The average efficacy of chorophacinone was 87-93% against house mouse and 90-100% against brown rat., Pored preventivnih mera koje treba primeniti prilikom izgradnje objekata i skladištenja žitarica (zrna pšenice, kukuruza, ječma) u njima, primena rodenticida predstavlja najzastupljeniju meru suzbijanja komensalnih vrsta glodara. Suzbijanje se izvodi kada se primeti njihovo prisustvo, pri čemu se najbolji efekti postižu početkom i tokom jeseni. Koriste se mamci sa različitim sadržajem hlorofacinona za suzbijanje glodara u različitim sredinama. Zbog toga smo hteli da ispitamo i uporedimo efikasnost mamaka sa sadržajem 0,005% i 0,075% hlorofacinona u skladištima u kojima se žitarice čuvaju u vrećama. Eksperimenti su izvedeni prema metodi OEPP/EPPO. Upotrebljeni su mamci u obliku paste - meki mamak, RB - spreman za upotrebu formulacije. Postavljani su u kutije, na staze, ispod paleta sa vrećama i na mestima gde su primećena najveća oštećenja. Na rastojanju 1-3 m postavljano je 10-20 g mamka za suzbijanje domaćeg miša, odnosno na izabranim mestima 30-50 g mamka za suzbijanje sivog pacova. Tokom deset dana posmatranja, svakodnevno je beležena količina pojedenog mamka i prema potrebi dodavana nova. Neotrovni (placebo) mamci prethodno su izlagani u identičnim kutijama, četiri dana pre početka eksperimenta. Brojnost glodara procenjena je na osnovu najveće i najmanje dnevno pojedene količine mamka podeljene sa dnevnim potrebama za hranom. Prisustvo glodara je praćeno i narednih 20 dana. Efikasnost rodenticida izračunata je prema Abotovoj formuli. Utvrđeno je da sadržaj aktivne supstance hlorofacinona od 0,005% i 0,0075% u mamcima RB formulacije nije značajan za prihvatljivost i efikasnost mamaka primenjenih za suzbijanje domaćeg miša i sivog pacova u skladištima žitarica. Prosečna efikasnost hlorofacinona bila je 87-93% u suzbijanju domaćeg miša i 90-100% u suzbijanju sivog pacova.

In order to compare the efficacy of different formulations of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides against mixed populations of common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall) and striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in alfalfa, the testing was conducted using the standard EPPO method at the locations of Belegiš and Putinci, in summer of 2010. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized block with four replicates and with the main plot area of 400 m2. The abundance and distribution of small rodents populations at the experimental plots were determined on the basis of appearance and spatial distribution of active holes. The efficacy of different rodenticide formulations was evaluated according to the number of active holes 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment (DAT), using the Henderson- Tilton's formula. The testing was done with the commercially available rodenticide formulations: AB (grain-based baits), RB (ready-to-use baits - pouches) and PT (pellets), containing 0.005% of active ingredient Bromodiolone. The monofactoral analysing of variance did not result in any statistically significant difference in efficacy of rodenticide formulations 7 DAT at the Belegiš locality and 7 and 14 DAT at the Putinci locality. But, the statistically significant difference in efficacy of rodenticide formulations was observed at Belegiš locality on the 14th day of the experiment. Also, at the end of experiment, the efficacy of rodenticide formulations significantly varied at both locations. Nominally, the lowest efficacy of 72.5% was exhibited by AB formulation, while the average efficacy of RB and PT formulations against mixed populations of common vole and striped field mouse in alfalfa was 88.3% and 77.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the use of RB formulation of Bromodiolone-based rodenticides can improve the control of rodent pests in alfalfa., Radi poređenja efikasnosti različitih formulacija rodenticida na bazi bromadiolona u suzbijanju mešanih populacija poljske voluharice i poljskog miša u usevu lucerke, prema standardnoj metodi EPPO izvedeni su eksperimenti u proleće 2010. godine na lokalitetima Belegiš i Putinci. Eksperiment je postavljen po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu, sa četiri ponavljanja i veličinom osnovne parcele od 400 m2. Na osnovu izgleda i prostornog rasporeda aktivnih rupa utvrđena je zastupljenost vrsta sitnih glodara i njihova brojnost na eksperimentalnim parcelama. Efikasnost formulacija rodenticida je ocenjivana prema formuli Henderson & Tilton, na osnovu broja aktivnih rupa, sedam, 14 i 28 dana posle tretmana. Ispitivane su komercijalno dostupne formulacije rodenticida: AB (zrnasti mamak), RB (gotov mamak za upotrebu - kesice) i PT (pelete), sa sadržajem 0,005% aktivne materije bromadiolona. Jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između efikasnosti formulacija rodenticida posle sedam dana na lokalitetu Belegiš i posle sedam i 14 dana na lokalitetu Putinci. Na lokalitetu Belegiš, 14-og dana od početka eksperimenta postojala je statistički značajna razlika između efikasnosti formulacija rodenticida. Takođe, i na kraju eksperimenta, efikasnost formulacija rodenticida se statistički značajno razlikovala na oba lokaliteta. AB formulacija rodenticida imala je nominalno najnižu prosečnu efikasnost od 72,5%, dok je prosečna efikasnost RB i PT formulacije bila viša, 88,3%, odnosno 77,7% u suzbijanju mešanih populacija poljske voluharice i poljskog miša u lucerki. Upotrebom RB formulacije rodenticida na bazi bromadiolona moguće je unaprediti program zaštite lucerke od štetnih glodara.