Search

The effectiveness of bensulfuron-methyl in controlling Schoenoplectiella juncoides (Roxb.) Lye has significantly decreased in rice fields in China. Hence, a bensulfuron-methyl-resistant S. juncoides population (W15) was collected from Dandong City, Liaoning Province, China, to investigate the underlying resistance mechanisms. Whole-plant dose-response experiments and ALS activity assay confirmed that W15 has evolved high-level resistance to bensulfuron-methyl compared with the susceptible S. juncoides population (W4). Molecular analysis revealed a Pro-197-Ser mutation in ALS1, while there was no significant difference in the relative ALS gene expression between W15 and W4. LC-MS/MS analysis showed W15 metabolized bensulfuron-methyl more rapidly than W4. Furthermore, bensulfuron-methyl resistance in W15 was significantly alleviated by malathion and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl). Glutathione S-transferase activity was higher in W15 than in W4. Meanwhile, W15 displayed cross-resistance to halosulfuron-methyl and multi-resistance to MCPA-Na. In summary, these findings demonstrated for the first time that both target- and non-target-site resistance are relevant in the resistance of S. juncoides to bensulfuron-methyl., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Multiple-herbicide resistance (MHR) in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a threat to rice production. The Ala-205-Val mutation in acetolactate synthase (ALS) conferred resistance to several ALS inhibitors in the E. crus-galli population AXXZ-2; consequently, ALS-inhibitors were unable to control this noxious weed species. In the present study, the sensitivity to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) herbicides and other herbicides having different modes of action was evaluated to determine an effective strategy for chemical weed control. Compared with that of the reportedly sensitive population JLGY-3, the AXXZ-2 population showed differential resistance to three ACCase-inhibitors (cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, and pinoxaden), in addition to quinclorac and pretilachlor. A novel substitution (Asp-2078-Glu) in ACCase was detected as the main target-site resistance mechanisms in the AXXZ-2 population. Structural modeling of the mutant ACCase protein predicted that Asp-2078-Glu confers resistance to three ACCase inhibitors by reducing the binding affinity between them and the ACCase protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that the novel Asp-2078-Glu mutation confers resistance to several ACCase inhibitors. Target-site mutations in ALS and ACCase were detected in this MHR population. Except for quinclorac, pretilachlor, ALS inhibitors, and the three ACCase inhibitors, a number of herbicides remain effective in controlling this MHR E. crus-galli population., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)