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In order to investigate the extent of resistance of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), which is a widespread pest throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit crops, 25 populations of this insect were collected from 13 sites in mainland China in 2007 and 2008. In addition, resistant strains were established that showed increasing development of resistance. Compared with the susceptible strain, one population of B. dorsalis expressed high resistance (RR = 70.4-fold), 16 populations expressed medium resistance (11.5-fold < RR < 25.8-fold) and eight populations had low resistance or remained susceptible (1.4-fold < RR < 8.9-fold) to trichlorphon. As regards β-cypermethrin, one population showed high resistance (RR = 44.0-fold), nine populations expressed medium resistance (12.2-fold < RR < 28.4-fold), 14 populations expressed low or minor resistance (3.0-fold < RR < 9.7-fold) and one population remained susceptible (RR = 1.1-fold). As regards avermectin, five populations had developed high resistance (44.3-fold < RR < 104-fold), seven populations expressed medium resistance (11.4-fold < RR < 38.6-fold) and three populations expressed low or minor resistance (3.5-fold < RR < 5.6-fold). A continuous resistance selection in the laboratory strain showed that the resistance ratios to trichlorphon, β-cypermethrin and avermectin were 71.6-fold, 333-fold and 70.4-fold respectively. The data provided a comprehensive survey of insecticide resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis in mainland China. All results suggested that early resistance management programmes should be established for restoring the efficacy of pesticide-based control measures. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Research Article Surveillance and invasive risk of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren in China by Xiaoliang Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7297. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is one of the world's most successful and destructive invasive ant species. In mainland China, fast, monthly and annual pest reports on all pests have been established since 2010. The distribution of S. invicta resulting from climate change in China was predicted using MaxEnt modeling in combination with comprehensive surveillance data and 56 environmental factors. RESULTS: The fast and monthly reports revealed that S. invicta had spread to new territories almost every year in this timeframe. The transportation of seedlings and deployment of turfgrass were the major artificial transmission pathways. Annual reports indicated that control efforts had effectively reduced its occurrence areas and degree of severity of infestations, and retrieved the economic loss caused by S. invicta. The MaxEnt model predicted that S. invicta would expand to 23 provinces in China as a result of climate change. Moisture variables were the key factors affecting the distribution of this pest. CONCLUSION: Based on the theoretical reference framework of this research, China proposed the first‐ever integrated tactics against a single pest, jointly involving nine ministries, which include clarifying responsibilities, cutting off transmission pathways, strengthening surveillance, declaring pest distributions and conducting preventive and control campaigns. Practical efforts and measures combating the devastation of S. invicta may shed light on its management and other invasive species worldwide. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a significant urban, agricultural, and medical pest with a wide distribution in the world. Surface or mound treatment using contact insecticide is one of the main methods to control S. invicta. In the present study, cycloxaprid, a newly discovered neonicotinoid insecticide, was evaluated for S. invicta control and compared with two referent insecticides, imidacloprid and bifenthrin. RESULTS: Surfaces or sand treated with cycloxaprid, imidacloprid, or bifenthrin caused high mortality of S. invicta workers, and the action of cycloxaprid or imidacloprid was slower than bifenthrin. Like imidacloprid and bifenthrin, cycloxaprid can be horizontally transferred from corpses or live donor ants to recipient ants. In addition, cycloxaprid‐ or imidacloprid‐treated surfaces significantly induced the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and detoxification enzymes; nevertheless, they had no significant effect on the foraging behaviors of S. invicta workers. Also, sand treated with cycloxaprid or imidacloprid did not negatively affect the digging activities of ants. Interestingly, S. invicta workers excavated significantly more sand containing 0.01 mg/kg cycloxaprid than untreated sand in the no‐choice digging bioassays. In addition, extensive nesting activities (sand excavation and stacking) were observed in the flowerpots containing untreated sand or sand treated with cycloxaprid or imidacloprid. On the contrary, bifenthrin significantly reduced the foraging, digging, and nesting activities of S. invicta workers. CONCLUSION: Cycloxaprid is a slow‐acting and nonrepellent insecticide against S. invicta workers, and its contact and horizontal toxicities are slightly higher than imidacloprid. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]