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Attachment theory has found renewed interest among psychotherapy researchers in last decades. There is growing evidence for the role of adult attachment as a predictor of treatment process and outcome. Attachment styles are hypothesized to remain stable over time, however, research also shows that internal models of self and others can be revised through interpersonal experiences that diverge significantly from the primary attachment figure. More recently a new concept has appeared and allows a better understanding of the nature of the bond between the patient and his therapist from attachment theory perspective, it is the concept of patient's attachment of the to the therapist. At first this article reviews the empirical evidence on the link between adult attachment styles, patient's attachment to therapist, therapeutic alliance, and outcome. Secondly, we will present results of an empirical study conducted in Algeria which aimed to examine the links between the patient's attachment to the therapist, the patient's adult attachment styles and the therapeutic alliance, to finally end with a discussion on the interest of the variable of the patient's attachment to the therapist for psychotherapy research and clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of psychotherapies has been accompanied by assiduous research concerning the evaluation of their effectiveness. Since the major psychotherapeutic models have demonstrated their effectiveness, the focus has shifted to understanding this effectiveness and to identifying factors common to the therapies, such as the therapeutic alliance, which would be predictive of effectiveness (Castonguay, 1993; Norcross & Lambert, 2019; Wampold, 2017). Method: We propose here a review of the literature in order to establish the state of research concerning this new paradigm of common factors that offers an innovative understanding of the therapeutic evolution process. Results and discussion: The therapeutic alliance is defined by the affective bond that develops between the therapist and the patient, as well as the collaboration between the two partners on the definition of the goals and tasks of therapy (Bordin, 1979). This conceptualization of the alliance seems the most relevant, because it positions psychotherapy as a professional act according to a specific methodology (Brennstuhl & Marteau-Chasserieau, 2021). Certain characteristics of the therapist and the patient also have a significant influence on the level of alliance and the outcome of the therapy (Wampold & Brown, 2005). Some therapists are reported to be more effective than their peers and have better outcomes regardless of the therapeutic model used (Baldwin et al., 2007; Wampold, 2001). The common factor paradigm for exploring the processes at work within psycho therapies seems promising and offers a great opportunity for collaboration between clinicians and researchers to understand the effectiveness of psychotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the Change Process Research paradigm. In 1966, Kiesler laid the foundations for this new paradigm by insisting on the interpersonal relationship and the complementarity of the patient's responses to the therapist's interventions. Continuing this work, Greenberg (1986) is interested not only in the singularity of the therapy but also in the singularity of the different episodes of the therapy. By considering the context and asking the participants (therapist and patient) for their point of view, he proposes a method to conduct task analysis for significant events in such a way as to better identify, describe, explain and predict the change processes. We will illustrate this Change Process Research paradigm by studying an episode in family therapy using the patients' perspective to identify the significant event. The method allows to reduce the gap between practice and research because the clinician can rely on this analysis when it is done during the therapy to better adjust to the patients during the following sessions in a self-supervision practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and clinicians live in increasingly separate worlds, precipitating psychotherapy into a crisis of legitimacy. This paper hypothesizes that the therapeutic alliance, as an integrative variable, is an element capable of reducing this gap, considering in particular that the alliance between researcher and clinician is based on the same principles as the working alliance between patient and therapist. A few examples of empirical research allow us to address three conflicting aspects of our current knowledge about the alliance: as a common factor or as a specific agent, as useful to the researcher or useful to the clinician, and finally the distinction between the trait-component and the state-component of the alliance. The time has come to strengthen this vital alliance between research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present two psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at helping the patient to regulate certain self-defeating behaviors. We use them occasionally and on a part-time basis with patients older than 15-16 years, including them in larger and more traditional therapies where attentive listening plays a major role. The first intervention is to encourage the patient to overtly fight, with appropriate exercises, self-defeating symptoms such as anxious ruminations. The second is to subtly challenge the patient to acknowledge the absurdity of his symptoms, for example through judicious use of humor. Both aim to put the patient back in the position of actor, by making him aware of his potential to regulate these counter-productive ways of thinking and behaviors, by triggering a reaction of healthy rebellion against them and by reactivating his creativity. The indications are discussed according to various parameters specific to the patient and clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aditi, 18 years old, is hospitalized in psychiatry for eating disorders. We met her in the context of psychomotor therapy. This care, correlated with psychological, psychiatric, nursing and dietetic follow-ups, allowed this young woman to externalize her emotions and to accept a less anxious future. This article traces some of the steps of regression that were useful to Aditi in allowing herself to accept behaviors that she considered shameful. She accepts her majority and her role as a woman in a singular way, far from the paralyzing societal injunctions. The co-created therapeutic alliance is part of the transferential psychiatry where care is not only technicality but where it is elaborated around a joint adaptation and an understanding of non verbalized needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An heurisitc of the multiple therapeutic alliance's construction during the first hospitalisation of a psychotic emergent episode is developped. The proposition of a multiple therapeutic alliance model is based on empirical researchs and clinical observation. The model describes how multiple therapeutic alliance is created and maintain in four domains: adolescent/young adult, parents, family, outpatients and inpatients psychiatrics teams. The model seeks to describe the evolution of case coordination through three steps: multiple therapeutic alliance's creation during consultation andpre hospitalisation, working the multiple therapeutic alliance during hospitalization, and working with the post hospitalization multiple therapeutic alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author describes the reflection of the multidisciplinary group on the therapeutic alliance between health care teams and families during a first hospitalization for a psychotic episode. This therapeutic alliance emerges and develops within the framework of the "therapeutic system" constituted by the meeting of two groups: the family group and the "therapeutic team" group gathered around this singular situation, emotionally charged with a psychotic decompensation and the hospitalization of a young person. From this point of view, it is thus a question of moving from the individual logic of medicine to a group logic, from a purely medical reading to a pluriaxial reading. Then, medical knowledge and profane knowledge of the family can be expressed and articulated instead of being opposed. Finally, in this process, temporality, stages and interactivity make it possible to manage the part of diagnostic and prognostic uncertainty that characterizes these situations. This working in alliance makes it possible to avoid disruptions in care and optimizes the therapeutic capacities of the teams and preserves the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the introduction of a dossier that summarizes the questions raised by a multidisciplinary working group, working with the family during the first hospitalization for a psychotic episode. In fact, for the past four years, we have worked out, under the aegis of the French Federation of Psychiatry following a parent's letter, commission work in partnership with UNAFAM. This multidisciplinary working group brought together child and adolescent psychiatrists, adult psychiatrists, psychologists of various backgrounds and working in different care contexts, nurses, general practitioner and a regular member of UNAFAM. We are pleased to present the first results of this work initiated by Dr. Roche-Rabreau whose article appears in this dossier. We would like this work to allow the development of recommendations for good practice, such as those developed in different aspects of psychiatric practice. In the appendix, we have set out a summary of the recommendations worked out in committee, and presented during various psychiatric manifestations as well as to the French Federation of Psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]