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Background Onychocryptosis is a nail deformity that occurs when the side of the nail grows into soft tissue, which causes pain, sepsis and the formation of granulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare different levels of kinesiophobia in subjects with onychocryptosis before and after surgery to eliminate this condition. Methods A descriptive and observational study was conducted with a total sample size of 25 subjects with a mean age of 40.96 ± 18.25 years. The pretest sample was composed of the 25 subjects before the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis and the posttest sample was composed of the same 25 subjects after the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis. Kinesiophobia levels and total scores were self-reported using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Results The Wilcoxon test for related samples and the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples were used to compare the results before and after the surgical treatment. It was observed that in all the items as well as in the total score, there were significant changes in the levels of kinesiophobia, after the surgical intervention for onychocryptosis (P 0.05). Before surgery, 0% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported not being afraid of movement, 16% reported mild fear of movement, 8% reported moderate fear of movement and 76% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported severe and maximum fear of movement. On the other hand, 100% of the subjects did not report kinesiophobia after surgical treatment (P

Background Infrared thermography devices have been commonly applied to measure superficial temperature in structural composites and walls. These tools were cheaper than other thermographic devices used to measure superficial human muscle tissue temperature. In addition, infrared thermography has been previously used to assess skin temperature related to muscle tissue conditions in the triceps surae of athletes. Nevertheless, the reliability and repeatability of an infrared thermography device designed for materials, such as the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30, have yet to be determined to measure skin temperature of the triceps surae muscle tissue of athletes. Objective The purpose was to determine the procedure’s intra- and inter-session reliability and repeatability to determine skin temperature within the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30 thermography device in the triceps surae muscle tissue of athletes, which was initially designed to measure the superficial temperature of materials. Methods A total of 34 triceps surae muscles were bilaterally assessed from 17 healthy athletes using the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30 thermography device to determine intra- (at the same day separated by 1 h) and inter-session (at alternate days separated by 48 h) reliability and repeatability of the skin temperature of the soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. The triceps surae complex weas measured by a region of interest of 1 cm2 through five infrared thermography images for each muscle. Statistical analyses comprised intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MCD), systematic error of measurement, correlation (r), and Bland-Altman plots completed with linear regression models (R2). Results Intra- and inter-session measurements of the proposed infrared thermography procedure showed excellent reliability (ICC(1,2) = 0.968–0.977), measurement errors (SEM = 0.186–0.232 °C; MDC = 0.515–0.643 °C), correlations (r = 0.885–0.953), and did not present significant systematic error of measurements (P > 0.05). Adequate agreement between each pair of measurement moments was presented by the Bland-Altman plots according to the limits of agreement and non-significant linear regression models (R2 = 0.000–0.019; P > 0.05). Conclusions The proposed procedure to determine skin temperature within the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30 thermography device presented excellent intra- and inter-session reliability and repeatability in athletes’ triceps surae muscle tissue. Future studies should consider the SEM and MDC of this procedure to measure the skin temperature of soleus, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles to promote triceps surae muscle prevention and recovery in athletes.

Background: Onychocryptosis is a nail deformity that occurs when the side of the nail grows into soft tissue, which causes pain, sepsis and the formation of granulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare different levels of kinesiophobia in subjects with onychocryptosis before and after surgery to eliminate this condition. Methods: A descriptive and observational study was conducted with a total sample size of 25 subjects with a mean age of 40.96 ± 18.25 years. The pretest sample was composed of the 25 subjects before the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis and the posttest sample was composed of the same 25 subjects after the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis. Kinesiophobia levels and total scores were self-reported using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Results: The Wilcoxon test for related samples and the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples were used to compare the results before and after the surgical treatment. It was observed that in all the items as well as in the total score, there were significant changes in the levels of kinesiophobia, after the surgical intervention for onychocryptosis (P < 0.05) compared to the levels before surgery, except for items 4 and 11 in which there were no significant differences (P > 0.05). Before surgery, 0% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported not being afraid of movement, 16% reported mild fear of movement, 8% reported moderate fear of movement and 76% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported severe and maximum fear of movement. On the other hand, 100% of the subjects did not report kinesiophobia after surgical treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The levels of kinesiophobia were higher in the subjects with onychocryptosis compared to the subjects after having undergone surgery to eliminate onychocryptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infrared thermography devices have been commonly applied to measure superficial temperature in structural composites and walls. These tools were cheaper than other thermographic devices used to measure superficial human muscle tissue temperature. In addition, infrared thermography has been previously used to assess skin temperature related to muscle tissue conditions in the triceps surae of athletes. Nevertheless, the reliability and repeatability of an infrared thermography device designed for materials, such as the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30, have yet to be determined to measure skin temperature of the triceps surae muscle tissue of athletes. Objective: The purpose was to determine the procedure’s intra- and inter-session reliability and repeatability to determine skin temperature within the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30 thermography device in the triceps surae muscle tissue of athletes, which was initially designed to measure the superficial temperature of materials. Methods: A total of 34 triceps surae muscles were bilaterally assessed from 17 healthy athletes using the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30 thermography device to determine intra- (at the same day separated by 1 h) and inter-session (at alternate days separated by 48 h) reliability and repeatability of the skin temperature of the soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. The triceps surae complex weas measured by a region of interest of 1 cm² through five infrared thermography images for each muscle. Statistical analyses comprised intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MCD), systematic error of measurement, correlation (r), and Bland-Altman plots completed with linear regression models (R²).Results: Intra- and inter-session measurements of the proposed infrared thermography procedure showed excellent reliability (ICC(1,2) = 0.968–0.977), measurement errors (SEM = 0.186–0.232 °C; MDC = 0.515–0.643 °C), correlations (r = 0.885–0.953), and did not present significant systematic error of measurements (P > 0.05). Adequate agreement between each pair of measurement moments was presented by the Bland-Altman plots according to the limits of agreement and non-significant linear regression models (R² = 0.000–0.019; P > 0.05). Conclusions: The proposed procedure to determine skin temperature within the Manual Infrared Camera PCE-TC 30 thermography device presented excellent intraand inter-session reliability and repeatability in athletes’ triceps surae muscle tissue. Future studies should consider the SEM and MDC of this procedure to measure the skin temperature of soleus, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles to promote triceps surae muscle prevention and recovery in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]