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Background: The aim of this study is to design a deep learning (DL) model to preoperatively predict the occurrence of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC)., Methods: This research collected preoperative ultrasound (US) images and clinical factors of 611 PTMC patients. The clinical factors were analyzed using multivariate regression. Then, a DL model based on US images and clinical factors was developed to preoperatively predict CLNM. The model's efficacy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, along with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the F 1 score., Results: The multivariate analysis indicated an independent correlation factors including age ≥55 (OR = 0.309, p < 0.001), tumor diameter (OR = 2.551, p = 0.010), macrocalcifications (OR = 1.832, p = 0.002), and capsular invasion (OR = 1.977, p = 0.005). The suggested DL model utilized US images achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.65, slightly outperforming the model that employed traditional clinical factors (AUC = 0.64). Nevertheless, the model that incorporated both of them did not enhance prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.63)., Conclusions: The suggested approach offers a reference for the treatment and supervision of PTMC. Among three models used in this study, the deep model relied generally more on image modalities than the data modality of clinic records when making the predictions., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2024 Wang et al.)

The chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (CMTM) family includes CMTM1-8 and CKLF, and they play key roles in the hematopoietic, immune, cardiovascular, and male reproductive systems, participating in the physiological functions, cancer, and other diseases associated with these systems. CMTM family members activate and chemoattract immune cells to affect the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells through a similar mechanism, the structural characteristics typical of chemokines and transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF). In this review, we discuss each CMTM family member's chromosomal location, involved signaling pathways, expression patterns, and potential roles, and mechanisms of action in pancreatic, breast, gastric and liver cancers. Furthermore, we discuss several clinically applied tumor therapies targeted at the CMTM family, indicating that CMTM family members could be novel immune checkpoints and potential targets effective in tumor treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Duan et al.)

Background: The sirtuins (SIRTs) family is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) family of dependent deacetylases, which includes SIRT1-7. This family is related to the development and progression of various tumors. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of SIRTs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still lacking, and there are few reports on the inhibitory role of SIRT5 in ccRCC., Methods: We used immunohistochemical analysis, and several bioinformatic databases to perform an integrated analysis of the expression and prognostic value of SIRT5 and other SIRT family members in ccRCC along with the associated immune cell infiltration. These databases include TIMER, THPA, cell culture, UALCAN, cBioPortal, WebGestalt, Metascape, DiseaseMeth, STRING database, and Cytoscape., Results: The protein expression of SIRT1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 were upregulated in ccRCC for the Human Protein Atlas database, whereas the expression of SIRT4 and SIRT5 was decreased. The expression based on tumor stage, and grade followed a similar trend. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high SIRT4 and SIRT5 expression was positively related to better overall survival (OS), whereas SIRT6 and SIRT7 expression was positively related to worse OS. Further, high SIRT3 expression was related to worse relapse-free survival (RFS), whereas high SIRT5 expression was related to better RFS. To explore the mechanism underlying the function of SIRTs in ccRCC, we also used several databases to perform the functional enrichment analysis and explore the relationship between infiltrating immune cells and seven SIRT family members in ccRCC. The results showed that several SIRT family members, and particularly SIRT5, are correlated with the infiltration of some important immune cells. The protein expression of SIRT5 was significantly lower in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue and was negatively related to the age of the patient ccRCC individual tumor stages, and grades. In human ccRCC samples, strong IHC staining expression of SIRT5 was displayed in adjacent normal tissue than in tumor tissues., Conclusion: SIRT5 may be a prognostic marker and a novel strategy for the treatment of ccRCC., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Peng et al.)