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Background: Little is known about the associations between allergic disease, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and childhood nocturnal enuresis (NE). We examined whether allergic disease and SDB were associated with childhood NE. Methods: Data were assessed from the 2007-2012 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We enrolled 4308 children aged 5-18 years having NE diagnosis and age- and sex-matched 4308 children as the control group. The odds ratios of NE were calculated to determine an association with preexisting allergic disease and SDB. Results: A total of 8616 children were included in the analysis. Prevalence of allergic diseases and SDB was significantly higher for the NE group than the control group (all p < 0.001). After adjusting odds ratios for potential confounding factors, except asthma, children with allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had significantly higher odds of NE compared with children never diagnosed. With stratification for sex, girls with allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, OSA, and snoring had significantly higher odds of NE, compared with girls never diagnosed. Only boys with allergic rhinitis and OSA were associated with increased odds of NE. With stratification for age, children aged 5-12 years with allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and OSA had significantly higher odds of NE compared with those never diagnosed. Odds of NE increased with the number of comorbid allergic diseases. Conclusions: Allergic diseases and SDB are associated with increased odds of childhood NE. The odds of NE increased with the number of comorbid allergic diseases present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical and immunological studies have consistently shown a relationship between atopic diathesis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). However, no large population cohort study has yet to demonstrate the nature of the relationship between these disorders. Methods: Claims data from a random selection of children representing half of the insured population in Taiwan were examined. During the period from 1998 to 2007, we identified 192,295 children aged <18 years with newly diagnosed atopic dermatitis (AD) and 769,169 frequency-matched controls. Incidence of INS and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Results: The AD cohort had a 2-fold higher overall incidence of INS than the non-AD cohort [7.20 vs. 3.60 per 100,000 person-years, respectively; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.50-2.66]. The HR for INS increased with age and was higher among females. The HR for INS was also higher in AD children with more medical visits per year, ranging from 0.94 for those having ≤3 visits to 38.6 for those having >6 visits (trend test P < 0.0001). In particular, the risk of INS clearly increased during the initial 5 years after AD onset. Conclusions: Children with AD have a greater incidence and risk of developing INS and this risk increases with AD severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]