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Maturity onset diabetes of the young ( MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes caused by a mutation in a single gene, often not requiring insulin. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and clinical characteristics of MODY at the Barbara Davis Center. A total of 97 subjects with diabetes onset before age 25, a random C-peptide ≥0.1 ng/ mL, and negative for all diabetes autoantibodies ( GADA, IA-2, ZnT8, and IAA) were enrolled, after excluding 21 subjects with secondary diabetes or refusal to participate. Genetic testing for MODY 1-5 was performed through Athena Diagnostics, and all variants of unknown significance were further analyzed at Exeter, UK. A total of 22 subjects [20 (21%) when excluding two siblings] were found to have a mutation in hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (n = 4), glucokinase (n = 8), or hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (n = 10). Of these 22 subjects, 13 had mutations known to be pathogenic and 9 (41%) had novel mutations, predicted to be pathogenic. Only 1 of the 22 subjects had been given the appropriate MODY diagnosis prior to testing. Compared with MODY-negative subjects, the MODY-positive subjects had lower hemoglobin A1c level and no diabetic ketoacidosis at onset; however, these characteristics are not specific for MODY. In summary, this study found a high frequency of MODY mutations with the majority of subjects clinically misdiagnosed. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for MODY in youth with antibody-negative diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective Mutations in the KATP channel genes are the commonest cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. Most patients obtain optimal glycemic control on sulfonylurea treatment. Genetic testing is currently recommended for all infants diagnosed before 6 months of age. We aimed to explore the prevalence of KATP channel diabetes in infants presenting between 6 and 12 months. Methods The KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes were sequenced in 115 infants with permanent diabetes diagnosed between 6 and 12 months and in 405 patients presenting before 6 months. Results Mutations in either gene were identified in 197 patients diagnosed before 6 months (48.6%), three infants diagnosed between 6 and 9 months (4.2%) and none of those diagnosed after 9 months. Two patients diagnosed after 6 months were successfully transferred from insulin to sulfonylureas. Conclusion KATP channel mutations are an uncommon cause of diabetes in infants presenting after 6 months. However, given the potential clinical benefit from identifying a KATP channel mutation, we recommend that KATP mutation testing should be routinely extended to infants diagnosed up to 9 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]