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The presented guidance describes the basic principles of the management of children admitted to the emergency department (ED), emergency room (ER), or hospital diagnosed or not with COVID-19 This guidance is based on the literature review conducted and is valid at the date of issue It may evolve over time as our knowledge about the infection increases The majority of children will develop mild symptoms from the infection In addition, the majority of children will not have any breathing problems Current experience suggests that the department of paediatrics will not be involved in the frontline fight against coronavirus However, we will play a crucial role in that fight, and so we should remember and plan our actions well © 2020 Termedia Publishing House Ltd All rights reserved

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in early December 2019 The virus has rapidly spread causing a global pandemic with a major burden on the health care system and economy The outbreak was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organisation on January 30, 2020 The presented guidelines describe the basic principles of outpatient care for children during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 The guidelines were developed based on the conducted literature review, content from websites of scientific societies, and international recommendations This paper presents guidelines concerning the outpatient care for sick children, children with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, or for children of mothers with confirmed COVID-19 Moreover, the guidelines discuss aspects associated with vaccinations, preventive visits for healthy children, and the monitoring of a child’s safety and mental health status © 2020 Termedia Publishing House Ltd All rights reserved

The article presents, in accordance with current recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Programme of Immunization 2017 (PSO), proposals for the implementation of vaccination in children with cancer, depending on the applied treatment. We recommend to start vaccination 6 months after the end of cancer treatment, which is consistent with the guidelines of the IDSA. After vaccination with a live measles, mumps, rubella (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella, MMR), we recommend antibody level examination. In children treated with anti-CD20, we recommend vaccination after 6 months after completion of therapy. “Killed” vaccines can be administered 6 months after completion of cancer treatment. In the case of “live” vaccines, time of vaccination must be dependent on dose and time of administration of immunoglobulins. In children with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), we recommend vaccination at 6, and after allogeneic at 12 months after the transplant. Children after oncological treatment have an increased risk of viral and bacterial infections, particularly encapsulated bacteria; hence, be aware of vaccination against Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.

In Poland in 2016 routine vitamin K prophylaxis is recommended by the National Consultant in the field of Pediatrics and the Polish Paediatric Society. All newborn infants should receive vitamin K prophylaxis. Healthy newborn infants should receive as a single dose 1 mg of vitamin K1 by intramuscular injection (birthweight greater than 1500 g), within the first 6 h after birth. Vitamin K1 should be also given as a single intramuscular dose of 0.5 mg to all newborns with birthweight 1500 g or less.

Aim To compare the efficacy of nebulised 3% saline solution (with salbutamol) or 0.9% saline solution (with salbutamol) in the treatment of mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Methods It was a randomised, double-blind trial. Seventy-eight children (up to 18 month of life) with mild to moderate bronchiolitis hospitalised in Pediatric Unit Hospital of Zdroje were enrolled. The infants received inhalation of salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg, max. 1.5 mg = 1.5 ml) dissolved in 3 ml 3% saline – treatment group ( n = 41), or 3 ml 0.9% saline – control group ( n = 37). The therapy was repeated six times daily until discharge. The duration of hospital stay and rapidity of clinical improvement were assessed. Results Taking the significance level specified at 0.05 into account, there were no statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay, with 3.06 ± 1.613 days in the treatment group and 3.11 ± 1.634 days in the control group ( p = 0.43). Neither were observed statistically significant differences in clinical severity scores after 24, 48 and 72 h ( p 24 = 0.192, p 48 = 0.425, p 72 = 0.220). The positive rate for RSV was 53%. No significant adverse events, such as bronchospasm, were observed. Conclusions Nebulised 3% saline (with salbutamol) is not superior to 0.9% (with salbutamol) in the treatment of mild to moderate bronchiolitis.

Wstep Nerki są organem szczegolnie narazonym na upośledzenie ich funkcji oraz wystepowanie powiklan w czasie leczenia i po zakonczonym leczeniu ostrej bialaczki limfoblastycznej (OBL), ktore w sposob istotny mogą wplywac na komfort i dlugośc zycia pacjentow. Cel pracy Celem pracy byla ocena wielkości i funkcji nerek u dzieci, oraz określenie czynnikow mających wplyw na wystepowanie nieprawidlowości w ich funkcjonowaniu po zakonczonym leczeniu OBL za pomocą wybranych badan klinicznych, biochemicznych i obrazowych. Material i metody Badaniami objeto grupe 48 dzieci, w tym 29 (60%) chlopcow i 19 (40%) dziewczynek, w wieku 79–275 miesiecy (średnia 159 miesiecy; SD 49 miesiecy), u ktorych w latach 1989–2001 ustalono rozpoznanie OBL. Wyniki i wnioski Wykazano, ze stosowany program chemioterapii i czas obserwacji dluzszy niz 5 lat po zakonczenia leczenia w sposob istotny wplywaly na obnizenie wartości GFR, wystepowanie blizn w nerkach oraz zmniejszenie objetości i dlugości nerek. Dlatego konieczne wydaje sie objecie okresową opieką nefrologiczną pacjentow po zakonczeniu leczenia OBL.

Wstep i cele Miesaki tkanek miekkich, mimo ze stanowią heterogenną grupe nowotworow zlośliwych, ze wzgledu na wspolne cechy biologiczne, kliniczne i wrazliwośc na stosowane cytostatyki podlegają zblizonej strategii leczenia. W 11 ośrodkach onkohematologicznych w Polsce, w ramach Polskiej Pediatrycznej Grypy Guzow Litych (PPGGL) od lat prowadzone jest leczenia zgodne z miedzynarodowym protokolem CWS. Pacjenci i metody Analizą objeto 52 pacjentow w III stopniu zaawansowania choroby, zarejestrowanych i leczonych przez PPGGL, wg protokolu CWS-96 w latach 1997–2003. Wyniki W calej analizowanej grupie chorych stwierdzono 30% wznow miejscowych, natomiast w wyselekcjonowanej grupie pacjentow z RMS stwierdzono 24% wznow miejscowych. Stwierdzono zjawisko zwiekszenia liczby wznow miejscowych u chorych, u ktorych rozpoczeto napromienianie po 20 tygodniu od rozpoczecia leczenia. Roznica ta najwyraźniej wystąpila u dzieci z rozpoznaniem RMS zarodkowego (44% vs 12,5%, p = 0,047). Wznowa miejscowa wystąpila najcześciej u pacjentow z rozpoznaniem histopatologicznym pozakostnej postaci miesaka Ewinga (PNET/EES) – 8 wznow na 13 chorych (61%). Wnioski Opoźnienie napromieniania wplywa na zwiekszenie liczby wznow miejscowych, szczegolnie u pacjentow z rozpoznaniem RMS embryonale. Wysoki odsetek niepowodzen leczenia pacjentow z rozpoznaniem pozakostnej postaci miesaka Ewinga sugeruje rozwazenie u tych chorych modyfikacji stosowanego w protokole CWS96 sposobu terapii.

In this paper we present a new test for evaluating the conductivity of sweat--an alternative to the classic Gibson-Cooke test used in diagnosis cystic fibrosis. Comparison of the results of 45 subjects (26 with cystic fibrosis and 19 with other diseases) showed a significant correlation between the two tests (r = 0.923, p0.001). The conductometric Wescor test should be included in diagnostic procedures for cystic fibrosis.

StreszczeniePróba potowa jest ważnym testem laboratoryjnym stanowiącym podstawę diagnostyki mukowiscydozy. Jego prawidłowe wykonanie jest zatem niezwykle istotne. W pracy przedstawiono zasady wykonania próby potowej, podając dane dotyczące symulacji pocenia oraz zbierania potu. Jednocześnie odniesiono się do rekomendacji i wytycznych międzynarodowych towarzystw i gremiów.AbstractThe sweat test remains an important laboratory test to support the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Therefore, its correct implementation is very significant. The guidelines of sweat test performance with proper information related to sweat stimulation and collection has been described in the study. Concurently, the guidelines and recommendations of international societies and bodies have been taken into consideration.