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For many years vitamin K has been considered to be associated only with blood clotting processes. Thanks to the research of last thirty years its other equally important role has been discovered. Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for the posttranslational γ-carboxylation of glutamate residues in proteins such as osteocalcin or matrix Gla protein (MGP). Thus the diet reach in vitamin K or supplementation of this vitamin on early stages of development may decrease risk of diseases such as rickets, osteoporosis or cardiovascular diseases.