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Objective(s): This study was conducted to determine the satisfaction of patients admitted to medical centers in Ilam in 2020-2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 200 patients who admitted with Covid-19 in medical centers of Ilam, Iran, from December 21, 2020 to March 21, 2021. Data collected using a questionnaire on demographic information and symptoms, a short form Quality from the Patient's Perspective (QPP-12) and Patient Satisfaction Index (PSI). The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.62±15.05. The mean quality score of hospital care from the patients' point of view was 46.99±5.83, and in 83% of cases, the quality of care was optimal. Also, the mean satisfaction score of the patients was 3.47±0.34 and 87% of the patients expressed moderate satisfaction. Patient satisfaction and quality of care showed a positive and significant relationship P

Objective (s): This study was conducted in 2020-21 with the aim of determining the satisfaction of patients admitted to Corona Medical Center in Ila, Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive study that was conducted on 200 inpatients with covid-19 in medical centers in Ilam province, Iran from December 21, 2020 to March 21, 2021. The data was collected using a questionnaire including items on demographic information and disease symptoms and the Persian version of patient satisfaction index (PSI). The data was analyzed using SPSS- 22 statistical software an independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance statistical methods. Results: The results showed that the mean score of patient satisfaction was 3.47 ± 0.34. Education (P = 0.02), length of hospital stay (P = 0.025), patient history of hospitalization (P = 0.01) and symptoms of Covid-19 such as chest pain (p=0.02) and gait disturbance (P = 0.001) showed significant relationships with patients’ satisfaction. The highest level of patient satisfaction was for patient education (3.70±0.56) and the lowest level of satisfaction was for trust (3.33±0.45). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction with the services provided in the hospital is considered a very important indicator for evaluating the quality of care and treatment services. Health status, personal characteristics and characteristics of the health system are factors related to patient satisfaction.

Objective (s): This study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of 24- item Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU-24). Methods: This was a methodological study and conducted on 150 family members hospitalized in the Intensive Care Units of hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The translation of the main questionnaire was done using the backward-forward method. The content validity of the questionnaire was performed by interviewing 15 experts and the face validity was carried out qualitatively through interviewing 10 family members of hospitalized patients. Then, the structural validity was assessed using the known groups comparison. Convergent validity was assessed by measuring the correlation between the Persian version of the FS-ICU-24 and the Persian version of the Patients Needs Assessment Questionnaire (CCFNI). Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency analysis (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha). Results: The results obtained from known groups comparison indicated that the mean satisfaction score in male was significantly higher than female as expected (p=0.001). Convergent validity showed a significant correlation between the Persian version of the FS-ICU-24 and the CCFNI questionnaires (p

Objective (s): Fear of falling is the main fear among older adults and is an independent risk factor for decreased mobility and quality of life. Therefore, a standard tool is needed to assess the fear of falling. The Geriatric Fear of Falling Measure is one of the common tools that used for this purpose. The present study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of the questionnaire in Iran. Methods: This was a methodological study and was conducted on 200 elderly people. After translating and obtaining opinions of experts, the content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined qualitatively. Then, the validity of the GFFM was assessed through convergent validity (correlation test between the Persian version of the GFFM and the Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale-ABC questionnaire) and known group comparison. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha). Results: The results obtained from known groups comparison indicated that the questionnaire well differentiated among participants who were differed in self-reported health condition. The convergent validity showed a significant correlation between the Persian version of the GFFM and the ABC questionnaires. The Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the dimensions and the total questionnaire was between 0.75 and 0.89. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of the GFFM is a valid instrument and can be used in a variety of situations, including clinical and research environments. It is suggested that the future studies assess the structural validity of the GFFM using factor analysis with a bigger sample size.

Objective (s): Assessing the disability of the elderly requires a specific instrument. The Groningen Frailty Inventory is one of the known instruments that used to measure the ability of the elderly. The present study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of the GFI questionnaire. Methods: The present study was a methodological study which was performed on 139 elderly people. The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian and face and content validity were determined qualitatively. The quantitative validation was performed using construct validity (known groups comparison and concurrent validity). The General Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. Reliability was assessed by estimating internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: The results of the known groups analysis showed that the questionnaire well differentiated disability score in older men versus women as hypothesized. Older people with lower education also had lower score as compared to well-educated older participants. Concurrent validity indicated a significant correlation between the Persian version of the Groningen Frailty and the General Anxiety Inventory. The internal consistency (Kuder- Richardson) was 0.762. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with a two-weeks interval was 0.61. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Indicator is a valid instrument and now could be used for measuring in research and clinical practice. It is suggested that the future studies assess the structural validity of the GFI using factor analysis with a bigger sample size.

Objective (s): Caring for elderly with Alzheimer can lead to the development or exacerbation of many physical and psychological problems for caregivers. The purpose of this study was to assess the anxiety and depression in caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 315 caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation of caregivers’ anxiety was 12.61± 10.48 which was significantly higher in women than men (p = 0.004). The mean and standard deviation of caregivers’ depression was 13.23 ± 9.52 which was significantly higher in women than men (p = 0.001). The results of t-test and one-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between total anxiety score by gender, caregiver-to-elderly ratio, health status and caregivers’ income status (p = 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the overall score of depression and marital status, gender, income and caregivers health status (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that Alzheimerchr('39')s caregivers experience mild to moderate levels of anxiety and depression. The findings suggest strategic planning to increase social support among Alzheimerchr('39')s caregivers is essential.

Objective (s): To translate and validate the Caregiver Burden Inventory: (CBI) in Iran. Methods: The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian and face and content validity were determined qualitatively. Quantitative validation was performed using construct validity (known groups comparison and criterion validity). The Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory were used for criterion validity. Reliability was assessed by estimating internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: In all 150 Alzheimer patients’ caregivers completed the Persian version of the CBI. The results obtained from known groups comparison showed that the pressure burden care of caregivers with moderate health level was significantly lower than other caregivers (p = 0.0001). Criterion validity showed a significant correlation between Persian version of CBI with Beck depression inventory (r =0.508) and Beck anxiety inventory (r = 0.686). The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.930. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with interval time of two weeks was 0.960. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) is a valid instrument and now could be used for measuring caregivers’ burden in research and clinical practice.

Objective (s): The Heart Failure Knowledge Scale: (HFKS) is an instrument for measuring the knowledge of patients with heart failure disease. This study aimed to translate and validate the questionnaire in Iran. Methods: This was a methodological study. After translation from English into Persian and obtaining the views of experts, the content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined qualitatively. In order to determine the validity known groups comparison and criterion validity (correlation coefficient between Persian version of HFKS and European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire-MLHF) were performed. Reliability was examined using internal consistency analysis and test re test. Results: In all 150 patients with coronary hear disease completed the questionnaire. The results of known groups comparison showed that the mean knowledge of patients with heart failure with moderate economic level was significantly higher than other patients (p = 0.0001). Criterion validity showed a significant correlation between Persian version of the HFKS and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior (r = 0.83) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire-MLHF (r = 0.175). The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.84. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with interval time of two weeks was 0.88 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Iranian version of the HFKS is a valid instrument and could be used to measure the knowledge of patients with heart failure in research and treatment departments. It is suggested that in the future studies the construct validity of the HFKS questionnaire should be investigated using a factor analysis in a more representative sample.

objective (s): The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Pilates on patients with type 2 diabetes Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in forty patients with a diagnosis of diabetes type 2. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental group (EG) that in addition to the usual care performed eight weeks of pilates exercises and the control group (CG) that continued to receive the usual care and did not undergo any other intervention. Participants evaluated before and one week after the intervention completed. The quality of life questionnaire (CASP-19) and the short-term test (AMTs) were used to collect data. Results: The groups were homogeneous at baseline. According to the statistical analysis, no significant improvement was observed in the EG. Conclusion: The study did not show benefit for pilates group compared to control group. It is suggested that in the future, this study should be carried out with bigger sample size, increasing the intervention time and a specific questionnaire for assessing the quality of life of the elderly.

Objective (s): Aging perception is recognized as one of the important circles associated with the problems of the elderly. Aging perception Questionnaire (APQ) is one of the common tools that measures agin perception. The purpose of this study was to validate the Persian version of the APQ. Methods: This was a methodological study and was conducted on 200 elderly people. After translating and obtaining opinions of Persian literature and gerentologist experts, the content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined qualitatively. Then, the validity of the aging perception questionnaire was assessed through convergent validity (correlation test between the Persian version of the APQ and CASP-19 questionnaire) and known group comparison (comparing male and female perception). Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha) and stability (ICC). Results: The known group comparison showed that the instrument discriminated well between men and women where men significantly scored higher than women. Convergent validity showed a significant correlation between the Persian version of the APQ and CASP-19 questionnaires. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the dimensions and total questionnaire was between 0.64 and 0.81. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with a two-week interval was between 0.65 and 0.96. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of the APQ Questionnaire is a valid instrument and can be used in a variety of situations, including clinical and research environments.

Objective (s): Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) on quality of life in elderly patients with angina. Methods: This was a randomized trial on a convenient sample of patients 60 years and older with angina hospitalized in cardiology clinics of a teaching hospital in Qazvin, Iran. Patients were randomized to receive intervention or the usual care. The intervention group received a four dimensions program (perceived threat with group discussion method, self-efficacy with problem solving methods, self-esteem with educational partnership and outcome and process evaluations). To collect data we used an specific FCEM instrument, and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Results: Following the implementation of the program the intervention in group showed better quality of life in all dimensions compared to their own baseline score and the control group (p

Objective (s): Due to the increasing elderly population in the world, need to access accurate data for planning and action to protect and promote the health of the elderly is more attention. Choosing right tools with good psychometrics properties is a prerequisite for access accurate data. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the common tool used measuring quality of life. Methods: A comprehensive search of databases of Pubmed, Medline, and Science Direct was conducted, using the related keywords to development and psychometrics of older quality of life instruments. Results: In all a total of 342 papers were included in this review. Most commonly used quality of life measures in elderly were generic instruments (81.3%). Among generic measures the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was widely used (26.8%), while only specific tools to measure quality of life in elderly people accounted for 18.7%. Among specific measures the World Health Organization Quality of Life - OLD was widely used (9.6%). Conclusion: The results revealed that CASP-19, OPQOL-BRIEF and WHOQOL-AGE are the best specific measures that can be recommended for measuring quality of life in elderly populations.

Objective (s): Assessing quality of life in elderly needed specific instrument. The Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-35) is one of the common measure used for assessing quality of life of the elderly. This study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of OPQOL-35, in Iran. This questionnaire consists of 35 items measuring life overall, health, social relationships and participation, independence, control over life and freedom, home and neighborhood, psychological and emotional well-being, financial circumstances, leisure, activities and religion. Methods: Forward-backward procedure was used to translate the questionnaire into Persian. Then, face validity and content validity was performed. Data were collected from 200 older people. In order to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison (elders living alone vs. elder living with family or someone) was performed. The correlation between the OPQOL-35 and SF-36 was tested to establish criterion validity. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) using test- retest analysis. Results: The result of known- groups comparisons showed that quality of life in elders living alone was significantly lower than other elders (P< 0.001). Criterion validity represented a significant correlation between Persian version of the OPQOL-35 and the SF-36 (P

Objective (s): To translate and validate a Persian version of the AAQ in Iran. The AAQ consists of 24 items which cover three theoretical domains: physical change, psychological growth, and psychosocial loss. Methods: The existing AAQ (English version) was translated into Persian according to process of translation and adaptation of instruments of The World Health Organization protocol. Data were then collected from 200 older people. Reliability (internal consistency, test- retest reliability) face validity, content validity, known-groups comparison and criterion validity of the AAQ, with the SF-36, and the WHOQOL, were examined. Results: The mean age of participants was 67.66 ±6.28, and more than half (50.5%) were female. There was satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s a 0.80–0.89) for the subscales. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with interval time of two weeks was 0.97(p < 0.001). The result of known-groups comparison showed that the questionnaire discriminated between subgroups of elderly people differing in gender, and education. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing scores for the eight dimensions of the SF-36, four factors of the WHOQOL and four factors of the AAQ (Persian version). The AAQ showed significant correlation with SF-36, and WHOQOL in most dimensions. Conclusion: We tested and validated a Persian version of the AAQ with 24 items. It appears to be a promising tool, providing reliable and valid data helping for measuring Attitudes to Ageing among elders in different settings such as clinics, homes and research environments. It is recommended in the future studies that structural validity of the Persian version AAQ in larger sample factor analysis be examined.

Objective (s): This study aimed to translate and validate a Persian version of the CASP-19, in Iran. Methods: The existing CASP-19 (English version) was translated into Persian version according to the World Health Organization protocol for translation and adaptation of instruments. The operational measure (CASP-19) consists of 19 Likert-scaled items that cover four theoretical domains: control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure. Data were collected from 100 older people. Reliability (internal consistency, test- retest reliability) face validity, content validity, known groups comparisons and criterion validity of the CASP-19 and the SF-36, were examined. Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.6 (standard deviation± 7.32) years, and more than half (54%) were female. We observed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s a 0.70–0.88) for the subscales. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with two weeks interval was 0.96(p < 0.001). The result of known- groups comparisons showed that the questionnaire discriminated subgroups of elderly people who differed in neglect. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing SF-36 and CASP-19 (Persian version). Relationship between translated scale and the SF-36 subscales showed significant correlation in most dimensions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the CASP-10 is a valid measure for assessing quality of life in elderly populations in different settings.

Objective (s): Heart failure has implications for the quality of life for any age range. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) is the most commonly used instrument for evaluating quality of life inpatients with heart failure. It comprises 21 items and 3 dimensions: the physical, emotional and the total. The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian language version of the (MLHFQ) for use in heart failure patients before using this version in clinical practice. Methods: After permission, the questionnaire was translated. One hundred HF patients (mean age: 59±15 years; 61% male) were interviewed between December 2013 and April 2014. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Validity was tested with correlations between the MLHFQ scores and the SF-36 scores, in order to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Classes) was performed. Results: The internal consistency of both total and subtotal scales was greater than 0.80. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 for the 3 MLHFQ scores and the ICC was also large 0.8. In addition, MLHFQ scores varied significantly with functional class (P

Objective (s): To translate and evaluate the the myocardial infarction dimensional assessment scale (MIDAS), as a disease-specific quality of life scale in patients with myocardial infarction in Iran. Methods: After permission, the questionnaire was translated. Then face validity, content validity, concurrent validity and criterion validity were assessed. In order to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison (patients with and without smoking) was performed. For criterion validity the Short Form 36 (SF-36) was used. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficients and the test retest were used to assess the scale reliability. Results: One hundred patients with myocardial infarction participated in the study. The criterion validity showed high and significant correlation between most the MIDAS and the SF-36 scores. The Cronbach’s alpha for the scale ranged from 0.74 to 0.887 and test-retest reliability (ICC) within 2 weeks, in all dimensions was greater than 0. 90. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the MIDAS is a valid and reliable disease-specific scale and can be considered for measuring health outcomes in research and clinical settings.

Objective (s): Angina pectoris greatly affects quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine quality of life and related factors in patients with angina pectoris. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 200 patients with angina pectoris attending a teaching hospital in Qom Iran, in 2012. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure quality of life. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 performing descriptive statistical tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and ANCOVA. Results: Higher scores observed for social functioning (mean =59.0), while it was lowest for role limitation due to physical problems (mean =33.12). Female participants had lower quality of life, and these differences were statistically significant for all subscales (p

Objective (s): This study aimed to investigate the quality of life in older people suffering from abuse by family members in comparison with older patients without such experiences.Methods: Using a quantitative design and a cross-sectional approach, 360 older people (180 abused and 180 non- abused older people) aged over 65 years was entered into the study. Data were collected using the Iranian version of Abbreviated Mental Test Score, the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire and the Iranian version of 36-item Short form Health Survey (SF-36) via face-to-face interviews.Results: It was found that the older people who did not experience abuse from family members reported higher quality of life in comparison with the abused older people(P

Objective (s): This study was performed to translate and validatie the Persian version of Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) assessing family needs of admitted patients in the intensive care units and to determine its validation.Methods: After translation qualitative face validity and content validity was established for the questionnaire. In order to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison (nonsurgical versus surgical patients) was performed and to determine its differential validity, intensive care unit were compared with the conventional wards using independent-sample t -test. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficients) were used to assess the scale reliability. 150 family members of patients in intensive care units and 150 patients' family members in general medical and surgical wards participated in this study.Results: Significant differences were found between surgical and nonsurgical patients' family (p=0.03) as well as the intensive care unit and conventional wards (p=0.007). There were significant positive correlations between all scale dimensions (0.684≤r≤0.439, p

Objective (s): To translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, as a disease-specific quality of life scale in patients with angina pectoris.Method: After permission, the questionnaire was translated. Then face validity, content validity, concurrent validity and criterion validity were determined. In order to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison (patients with and without chest symptoms) was performed and to determine its criterion validity the Short Form 36 (SF-36) was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the test retest were used to assess the scale reliability. 100 patients with angina pectoris participated in this study. Results: The criterion validity showed high and significant correlation between most SAQ and SF-36 scores. Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale was 0.85 and test-retest reliability (ICC) within 2 weeks, in all dimensions was greater than 0. 90. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the SAQ is a valid and reliable disease-specific scale and can be considered for measuring health outcomes in research and clinical settings.

Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of an Iranian version of the Palmore's Questionnaire called Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQI).Methods: The psychometric properties including face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test- retest reliability were measured in 280 nurses who were working in the emergency, medical, and surgical wards of 5 randomly selected general hospitals associated with medical schools in Tehran.Results: The results of known groups' comparisons showed that this questionnaire could successfully discriminate between subgroups of nurses with different prior work experiences with the elderly and/ or had the experience of living with older people in the family. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.81. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with interval time of two weeks was 0.98(P