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Introduction: Empathy is one of the most effective indicators of nursing performance, therefore understanding the concept of empathy in the ICU seems necessary to provide better care in this challenging environment. However, empathy faces barriers in this area. This study was conducted using the content analysis approach with the aim of explaining the factors that inhibit among in intensive care nurses. Materials & Methods: In this qualitative study, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with an average duration of 30- 45 minutes with ICU nurses selected by purposive sampling during the period 2021-2022. The interviewees' statements were analysed after being recorded and converted into text using MAXQDATA 11 software and conventional content analysis methods. Results: The coding process was carried out after removing duplicate codes and merging similar codes as a continuous comparative analysis. Eleven subcategories and three main themes were identified, including "organisational barriers", "individual barriers" and "barriers related to environmental and cultural factors". Finally, the general theme (the main theme) was obtained under the title 'Barriers to empathy in nurses'. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that intensive care nurses face significant barriers to empathy. Given that knowledge of the barriers to empathy and their removal will contribute greatly to improving patient care, it is necessary to identify and remove the existing barriers known to managers and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rhinoplasty is one of the most challenging cosmetic surgeries. The nature of surgery itself and hemodynamic instability in patients causes bleeding during surgery, which affects the quality of the surgical field of view, complications during and after surgery, and the outcome of surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the effect of tranexamic acid drug on hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery. Materials & Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 51 patients aged 18 to 44 years with anesthesia class І, II who were candidates for septorhinoplasty surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of tranexamic acid and control. Hemodynamic parameters at times; before induction, after induction, 1 minute after induction, 5 minutes after induction, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes during the operation, entry into recovery and exit from recovery were measured. Data analysis was done using spss software version 21 and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests. Results: The average trend of systolic and diastolic blood pressure from the time before induction to outside of recovery in the control and tranramic acid groups showed a significant difference (P<0.001). In the times before and after induction, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, a significant difference in the average heart rate between the two groups was observed (P<0.05). In the control group and the tranamic acid group, the mean trend of O2SAT from the time before induction to the time outside of recovery showed a significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the use of a dose of 250 mg of tranexamic acid had a decreasing trend in the average hemodynamic changes over time, and during these times, the decreasing changes in heart rate were significant. Therefore, it seems that tranexamic acid can be used in septorhinoplasty surgery to maintain hemodynamic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Female-headed households, due to continuous and chronic exposure to various pressures, often face psychological challenges. Resilience is a crucial variable influencing the mental health of women in such circumstances. This study aims to assess the impact of implementing the Peplau Interpersonal Theory on the resilience of female-headed household members. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. The target population consisted of female-headed households covered by the Welfare Office of Khorramabad. Using convenience sampling, 60 female household heads were selected from those covered by the Welfare Office, and they were randomly assigned into two groups: control and intervention. The intervention for the experimental group included face-to-face and individual training sessions based on the Peplau theory. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaires and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale before and one month after the intervention. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests with SPSS software version 22. Results: Both intervention and control groups did not have statistically significant differences in terms of demographic variables and the level of resilience before the intervention (P>0.05). Comparison of the average resilience score showed a significant increase in the participants of the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that education based on Peplau interpersonal theory increases the level of resilience in female-headed households. Therefore, counselors and welfare professionals, as well as other executive bodies, should pay special attention to improving the resilience of female-headed household members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Since microarray is a new method in cancer diagnosis, in the current study, the microarray library of MCF-7 breast cancer cells after irradiation was examined to predict the gene expression pattern and metabolic pathways related to it. Materials and Methods: Microarray data extracted from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) related to MCF-7 cells were analyzed by GEO2R and R software. Then the genes that had increased and decreased expression were extracted and gene ontology analysis was performed using DAVID and Enrichr databases. Results: In this study, after 48 hours of irradiation, 234 genes with Log2FC>1 increased expression and 146 genes with Log2FC<-1 decreased expression (Adjusted p value <0.05). KEGG analysis on genes with increased expression showed that these genes are related to type 1 diabetes (P=2.43E-04). The genes extracted in this pathway included HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB4, CPE, TNF, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DM (Adjusted p value <0.05). Also, the findings show that the genes involved in type 1 diabetes in the islets of Langerhans include CPE, MHC-II, and TNF-α. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the increase in irradiation time in breast cancer cells probably leads to the activation of pathways related to type 1 diabetes through CPE, MHC-II and TNF-α genes in the islets of Langerhans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Checking the quality of meat products is very important. The purpose of this research is to investigate the presence of unauthorized tissues in this product to improve its quality and safety level and promote the health of society. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, sausages with meat percentages of 40, 55 and 70 were randomly purchased from three factories (10 pieces each) and divided into three pieces and then three slides from each piece with hematoxylin-eosin method was prepared (270 slides in total). Finally, 10 microscopic fields were examined from each slide. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software. At the level of less than 5%, the difference between the groups was considered significant and the results were shown as Mean ± SD. Furthermore, the frequency percentage of tissues in each of the sausages was calculated. Results: Cartilage tissue, bone, skin, kidney, salivary gland, blood vessel, abdominal viscera and plant tissues were observed in all meat products. However, central nervous system and spleen tissues were not seen in any of the samples. In sausage 40%, the highest frequency percentage of tissue was related to skin, in sausage 55%, skin and kidney, and in sausage 70%, kidney. In addition, the amount of illegal tissues was different in 40%, 55% and 70% sausages and this difference was significant in many tissues. Conclusion: By using histological methods, it is possible to detect illegal tissues in meat products and obligate factories to comply with the national standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Systemic triazole fungicides such as Penconazole have negative effects on different body tissues. In the Present study, the Protective effects of vitamin D3 on tissue changes and Pituitarytesticular axis in adult rats treated with Penconazole were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this exPerimental study, male Wistar rats were divided into 6 grouPs of 6 including: control, sham (1 ml of distilled water), exPerimental 1 (Penconazole 100 mg/kg), exPerimental 2 (vitamin IU/kg 1000 D3), exPerimental 3 (100 mg/kg Penconazole + 500 IU/kg vitamin D3) and exPerimental 4 (100 mg/kg Penconazole + 1000 IU/kg vitamin D3). At the end of day 28, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones were measured by ELISA method and the testicular tissue was removed for histoPathological examination. Results: The serum levels of LH and FSH in exPerimental grouP 1 showed a significant increase comPared to the control and sham grouPs (P< 0.05), but the testosterone serum level decreased (P<0.05). The serum levels of LH and FSH in exPerimental grouPs 3 and 4 showed a significant decrease comPared to exPerimental grouP 1 (P< 0.05), but testosterone serum levels increased (P<0.05). HistoPathological examination showed that in exPerimental grouP 1, the testicular tissue was destroyed; however, in exPerimental grouPs 3 and 4, the testicular tissue was recovered. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, vitamin D3 can imProve testicular damage caused by Penconazole in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental illnesses. The results obtained from previous studies conducted in this field show that inflammatory processes increase in MDD patients. However, few studies have addressed the issue of inflammatory markers in the brains of MDD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of regulatory axis related to cytokine signaling including IL6, TNF, NRG1 and BDNF in prefrontal cortex tissue samples. Materials and Methods: In the present study, using a bioinformatics approach based on microarray data analysis, the expression of a regulatory axis related to cytokine signaling, including four genes (IL6, TNF, NRG1, and BDNF), in prefrontal cortex tissue (PFC) samples was investigated. Background correction, gene filtering and data normalization were done using different packages in R. Data quality was also evaluated using AgiMicroRna package and PCA plot.The limma package in R was used in order to identify the genes with expression changes. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed in R to check the correlation between the selected genes. Results: The obtained results showed that the expression of BDNF and NRG1 genes in the PFC tissue of MDD patients was associated with a significant decrease (P= 0.037), and on the other hand, the expression of IL6 and TNF genes was significantly increased (P< 0.001). Also, a strong negative correlation between the IL6 and BDNF (P < 0.001) genes was obtained. Conclusion: In this study, the results show that there is a complex relationship between MDD disease progression and cytokine signaling. This research provides evidence for a better understanding of the mechanisms of MDD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The high prevalence and consequences of hypertension in teachers has doubled the importance of identifying factors affecting blood pressure disease, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the diagnostic role of health-oriented strategies, self-management and incompatible strategies on hypertension: A discriminant analysis in Khorram Abad city. Materials and Methods: The current research method was cross-sectional in year1402. The statistical population was made up of teachers in Khorramabad city, the sample size of the study was equal to 324 people, of which 175 teachers without hypertension and 149 teachers with hypertension were selected by available sampling method. In this study, the standard questionnaire of psychological factors affecting blood pressure was used to collect data, and these data were analyzed with the help of spss24 software and by variance analysis and discriminant analysis. Results: The results of the discriminant analysis showed that the discriminant function has a very high clean power to distinguish and diagnose teachers with and without hypertension (p<0.05), such that 81.7% of the position of the discriminant function is based on the components of health-oriented strategies, self-management and inconsistent strategies. Also, the diagnostic power related to the subscale of awareness of the disease has been higher(p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that psychological factors play an important role in diagnosing and predicting teacher’s hypertension, and for this purpose, psychologists, counselors and education professionals should pay attention to these factors to prevent and treat teacher’s hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has destructive effects on fetal brain development. Aloe vera extract contains potent antioxidants which can be effective in treating diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Aloe vera on fetal cerebellar tissue in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Forty eight adult pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 including control (C), receiving 400 mg/kg Aloe vera extract (A), diabetic by injecting with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (D), diabetic group receiving 20 IU/kg insulin (DI), diabetic group receiving 400 mg/kg Aloe vera extract (DA) and diabetic receiving 20 IU/kg insulin and 400 mg/kg Aloe vera extract (DAI). The rats received insulin subcutaneously and the Aloe vera extract through gavage. Blood glucose and body weight were recorded on days 1, 7, 14 and 18 of gestation. On day 18, the weight of each rat and the number and gender of its fetuses were recorded. Fetal brains were removed and tissue sections of their cerebellum were prepared. The results were analyzed through ANOVA and at the significant level of p≤0.05. Results: Blood glucose in diabetic groups was significantly higher than C and A groups. Weight of pregnant rats on days 7, 14, and 18 significantly decreased in the D, DI, and DAI groups compared to the C and A groups. In all diabetic groups compared to the C and A groups, the number of newborns significantly decreased and the neonatal weight increased. In group D, compared to group C, the thickness and number of gray and white matter cells, the thickness and number of molecular, Purkinje, and granular layer cells decreased significantly. Also, In DI and DAI groups compared to group D, the thickness of gray and white matter, the thickness and number of molecular layer cells and the number of white matter cells showed a significant change compared to group D. Conclusion: It seems that aloe vera prevents the destruction of the fetus brain tissue of diabetic rats by reducing blood sugar and preventing the increase of harmful oxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nature of septorhinoplasty surgery and hemodynamic instability in patients causes intraoperative bleeding, which affects the quality of the surgical field of view, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and surgical outcome. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients aged 18 to 44 who were candidates for septoranioplasty surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1: received bisoprolol 2.5 mg and group 2 received placebo as a control group. Hemodynamic symptoms will be measured before induction, after induction, 1 minute after induction, 5 minutes after induction, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes during operation, entering recovery and exiting recovery. The amount of bleeding during the operation was estimated based on the amount of bleeding in the suction. Data analysis was done using spss software version 21 and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests. Result: In the times before and after induction, 1 minute, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, in recovery and outside of recovery, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure and blood pressure. There was no mean arterial (P<0.05). While the heart rate in these minutes was reported to be significantly lower in the bisoprolol group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the bisoprolol and control groups in terms of average recovery time (P=0.017) and total surgery time (P=0.044); However, there was no significant difference in the average amount of bleeding between the two groups (P=0.06). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of a dose of 2.5 mg of bisoprolol before the operation can significantly reduce the heart rate, but it does not make a significant difference in the hemodynamic changes and the bleeding rate of patients in septorhinoplasty surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of kidney disease (KD) as a global health burden is increasing rapidly and is known as a health problem that imposes a large economic cost on health systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the 30-year trend of the burden of KD in Iran from 1990 to 2019. Materials and Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study that provided information on the trend of KD in Iran during the years 1990 to 2019. The data related to the indicators of the burden of KD in Iran, the Eastern Mediterranean region and the global average were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) report. The results of the study have been reported descriptively and in the form the trend of disease burden in a 30-year period using three indices, including DALY, YLL and YLD. Results: The highest burden of disease caused by chronic kidney diseases in the last 30 years in Iran was related to people over 50 years old, and the corresponding DALY index was lower than the average of the region and the world. In Iran, the 30-year changes of this index in a standardized form according to age was equal to -21.54 percent (from 620.34 in 1990 to 486.68 in 2019). Moreover, the highest burden of disease caused by acute glomerulonephritis in the last 30 years was related to the age group over 70 years old, and in general, the DALY index for this disease in Iran has exceeded the average of the region and the world. In Iran, the 30-year change rate of this index standardized by age was 54.94 percent (from 5.84 in 1990 to 9.05 in 2019). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the burden of KD is increasing over time, especially in older age and due to acute glomerulonephritis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement effective preventive and treatment measures with the aim of reducing the incidence of KD and also to slow down the progress of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Salivary stones are a common disease of the salivary glands, which is caused by the obstruction of saliva secretion by a stone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of salivary gland stones in corpses referred to forensic medicine in Fars province. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 228 dead bodies referred to forensic medicine in Fars province were examined to determine the presence of salivary stones in 2020 and 2021. The data collection tool in this study is a demographic information questionnaire and salivary gland stones checklist. Demographic information in this study includes; Age, gender, marital status, body mass index, occupation, underlying disease, history of addiction and multiple alcoholism. The characteristics of salivary stones include; History of salivary gland stones, location of salivary gland stones, size of salivary gland stones, weight of salivary gland stones and anatomical location. Data analysis was done using spss software version 21 and descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistical tests (t-test) at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The age of 21-30 years (36%) was the most frequent in the corpses referred to forensic medicine in Fars province. The reason for referring the majority of dead bodies referred to Fars province forensic medicine was an accident. Only 8 people (3.5%) had a history of salivary gland stones, and the site of salivary gland stone formation in the submandibular cavity (37.5%) has the highest frequency. The largest size of salivary gland stone was 2.3 and 3.2 (25%). Also, the highest frequency of salivary gland stone weight was 4 and SUB anatomical location (37.5%). There is a relationship between age (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.002), body mass index (p=0.035), underlying disease (p=0.001), addiction history (p=0.005) and alcohol consumption (p=0.001) with salivary gland stones. The highest incidence of salivary gland stones was in the corpses of people over 60 years old (25%), married people (8.6%), obese people (11.1%), with a history of addiction (12.5%) and alcohol consumption (14.3%). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, 3.5% of the people examined in the present study had a history of salivary gland stones, and the place of salivary gland stone formation in the submandibular cavity has the highest frequency. In addition, the highest frequency of salivary gland stones in the corpses of people over 60 years old, obese people with a history of addiction and alcohol consumption, these factors have reported a significant relationship with the formation of salivary gland stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preoperative evaluation by considering anatomical signs and clinical factors related to difficult airway is important in patients with possible difficult airway. One of the available methods for pre-anesthesia evaluation and prediction of difficult airway is the Malampathi test. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of Malampathi score before and after nephrolithotripsy surgery with spinal anesthesia. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 162 patients referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom city in 2019. The level of sensory block was calculated using the alcohol test (heat and cold) and pain palpation using a slow needle. The level of movement block was measured using the patient's strength in moving legs, knees and hips. Malampati test was evaluated before surgery and during recovery. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 software and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistical tests (Wilcoxon, analysis of variance with repeated measures), at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The average age of the patients was 49.10±12.88 and the average duration of the operation was 19.80±6.50. The changes of Malampathi score before and after nephrolithotripsy surgery with spinal anesthesia were significant compared to before surgery (p=0.001). The result that the changes in upper lip biting after nephrolithotripsy surgery with spinal anesthesia were significant compared to before surgery (p=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the two tests of Malampati have confirmed the changes in the airway class according to the Peron position in nephrolithotripsy patients. Therefore, by knowing the effective causes of such changes, these changes can be minimized so that the extubation process of patients is more successful and the complications of these changes bring less problems for the patient and the treatment stagg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is the most common psychological health disorder. Considering that micronutrients have always played a significant role in all physical and psychological aspects of people, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutrients intake and anthropometric profiles with depression in male medical students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences in2021. Materials and Methods: 245students participated in this cross-sectional study. The intake of nutrients in the diet was measured using a food recall questionnaire. Anthropometric evaluations including, body mass index, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were measured using standard methods. Beck depression questionnaire was used to determine the depression score. SPSS26 was used for data analysis. Results: The average age of the examined samples was22.7±2.3 years, the average body mass index was23.56±8.35 kg/m2.the average waist to hip ratio of the samples was0.90 ±0.01 cm and the ratio of waist circumference to height of the samples was0.48 ±0.03. The depression score was significantly lower in group with normal BMI,WHpR and WHtR. Also, the average score of depression in the group with adequate intake of selenium, magnesium and vitamin D was significantly lower than the group with inadequate intake. Conclusion: According to the result, the increase in BMI, WHpR and WHtR and the decrease in consumption of selenium, magnesium and vitamin D can be associated with increase in the incidence of depression in medical students. Therefore, controlling body weight in ideal condition and getting enough selenium, magnesium and vitamin D can be preventive and perhaps a therapeutic factor to deal with some mood disorders, including depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Macrophages are one of the most important immune cells against toxoplasmosis. Activation of P2X7R plays a critical role during immune response through macrophages. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of P2X7R gene in THP-1 cell line treated by T. gondii soluble total antigen (STAg). Materials and methods: STAg was extracted from T. gondii tachyzoites strain RH. Upon transforming THP-1 cell line to macrophage M0, the cells were treated by different concentrations of STAg including 100, 80, 40, 20, and 10 µg for 4 h. Total RNA was extracted from cells, cDNA was synthesized, and relative quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of P2X7R gene. Results: Results of real-time PCR revealed that except concentrations 10 and 40 µg, the other concentrations of T. gondii STAg significantly decreased the expression of P2X7R gene. The highest downregulation of P2X7R gene was observed in THP-1 sensed by the concentration 80 µg. Conclusion: In addition, there was no statistically correlation between the P2X7R gene expression and the concentration of T. gondii STAg. This study showed that T. gondii STAg my affect the expression of P2X7R to help the parasite to escape from immune responses leading by macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is associated with progressive prevalence and high mortality, and the prevalence of this disease is increasing despite medical advances. A clinical pathway is a method for managing patient care over a defined period of time with the goal of improving the quality of care, reducing risks, and increasing patient satisfaction. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of the assessment of the clinical course on self-care behaviors and quality of life patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 68 patients diagnosed with heart failure in Heshmatieh Hospital under Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2021. Patients were randomly divided into two control and intervention groups. After ensuring the discharge, the patients of the intervention group were taught about the purpose of conducting the research and the method of implementing the clinical path. Patients in the control group received routine training from the hospital. Serially, every one to three months, self-care and quality of life questionnaires were completed for the patients. Chisquare tests, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance with repeated measures, paired t-test and MannWhitney test were used in data analysis. Results: The average age of patients in the intervention group is 57.43 ± 5.74 and in control group is 61.70±4.76. The results of the analysis of variance test with repeated measures showed that there is a significant difference between the average self-care score and quality of life score of the intervention group in the three stages of measurement (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the effectiveness of the clinical pathway on improving self-care behaviors and improving the quality of life of patients diagnosed with heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the real-time ultrasound method in determining the correct location of intubation, compared to conventional methods, in the patients of the emergency department of Imam Rezai Hospital in Mashhad. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytic prospective study to determine the diagnostic value of real-time ultrasound for the accuracy of intubation. The standard test to determine the correct intubation is lung auscultation findings, checking ventilator curves and, if observed, passing the tracheal tube through the vocal cords. Data analysis was done to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative news value. A positive test was considered as passing the endotracheal tube into the esophagus (wrong tube placement). Results: In this study, 52 patients were examined. Endotracheal intubation was confirmed by chest auscultation in 30 cases. By observing ventilator curves, confirmation of endotracheal intubation was confirmed in 26 cases. Observation of vocal cords was confirmed in 37 cases. Based on this, 26 patients had all three approval scales for endotracheal intubation. Ultrasound confirmed the correctness of intubation in 36 cases. Considering the gold standard as the positiveness of all three tests, and considering the fact that the tube does not pass through the trachea as the factor we are looking for, the sensitivity of endotracheal ultrasound is 96.15% and its specificity is 57.69%. Came. The values of PLR, NLR, PPV, NPV were 2.27, 0.07, 69.44% and 93.75%, respectively. Conclusion: In short, tracheal ultrasound test has a higher specificity than sensitivity for detecting tracheal intubation errors, which means that it is more effective in correctly identifying patients whose intubation errors did not occur than those who did. It is more reliable. However, the high rate of intubation errors in our study affects these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The most common method of choice for orthopedic lower extremity surgery is intrathecal anesthesia. Despite the benefits of using spinal anesthesia, this method has complications such as headache in the acute postoperative period. Therefore, this study aims to compare Madin and Parmadin methods. The incidence of PDPH (Post-Dural-puncture headache) in patients undergoing orthopedic lower limb surgery was performed by spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 60 orthopedic surgery patients referred to Pimayeh Hospital in Jahrom. Inclusion criteria included expressing consent to participate in the study, ASA class 1 and 2, no migraine and chronic headaches, no cardiovascular disease, no coagulation disease. Patients accidentally throwing coins into two groups 1) Medin And 2) paramedins were divided. Vital signs were recorded before and after spinal anesthesia at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes during surgery and in recovery. PDPH was collected in patients after surgery for 7 days and once a day by an uninformed person in the form of a questionnaire. After collecting data, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 21. To report descriptive statistics, qualitative variables were reported using frequency and percentage, and quantitative data were reported using mean and standard deviation. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Chi-square test were used. P <0.05 will be considered as a significant level. Results: A total of 60 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were evaluated by spinal anesthesia in the age range of 16 to 90 years (in two groups of 30). In pre-spinal anesthesia, immediately after spinal anesthesia, 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia, and in recovery, there was no significant difference between median and paramedic groups in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (05/0> P). In the periods before spinal anesthesia, immediately after spinal anesthesia and 5 minutes after spinal anesthesia, there was a significant difference in mean heart rate between Medin and Paramedin groups (P <0.05). On the first and fourth days, the incidence of PDPH was higher in the paramedin group than in the medin group. But the results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of PDPH at different times (p <0.05). Conclusion: Although different benefits have been mentioned for each of Madin and Paramedin methods, but in relation to the incidence of headache, in this study, no significant difference was reported between Madin and Paramedin groups. Therefore, with more studies and more studies related to patient satisfaction, the best method can be used in choosing intrathecal anesthesia technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Organizational health and flexibility enable organizations to manage complex challenges in the organization such as the occurrence of crises such as Covid-19. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between organizational health and organizational flexibility with the mediating role of stress of contracting Covid-19 in medical personnel of Shohdai Anohmim Yasuj Hospital in 2022. Methodology: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 160 medical staff working in Shahada Anhomesh Yasouj Hospital were selected by simple random sampling. The treatment staff responded to the Organizational Health Scale (OHI) of Hoy and Fidman, the Organizational Flexibility Questionnaire of Mofabi et al., and the standard Covid-19 stress questionnaire. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling and SPSS20 and SMART PLS software at a significance level of 0.05. Result: The results showed that the average age of the participants was 32.18±1.62, and 98 people (61.25 percent) were women and 62 people (38.75 percent) were men. The findings showed that organizational health has a positive and significant relationship with organizational flexibility and a negative and significant relationship with the stress of contracting Covid-19 (p<0.001). The stress of contracting Covid-19 has a negative and significant relationship with organizational flexibility (p<0.001). The stress of contracting covid-19 significantly plays a mediating role between the relationship between organizational health and organizational flexibility (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results show that organizational health and organizational flexibility have a positive and strong relationship, also the stress of contracting Covid-19 has a mediating role with its inverse and significant relationship between these two variables, so it seems that by controlling the stress of contracting Covid19 Organizational health and organizational flexibility can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lycopene is a lipophilic carotenoid found in high quantities in tomatoes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene on serum concentrations of leptin, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and body weight changes in adult female rats. Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 32 adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight including control, Sham, and two experimental groups receiving lycopene (at concentrations of five and 10 mg/kg). Lycopene was administered to the animals by gavage. Twenty-nine days after the start of the experiment and after weighing the animals, blood samples were taken from heart and serum concentrations of cholecystokinin, leptin, and neuropeptide Y were measured. Results were analyzed using ANOVA statistical test and Duncan's test at significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Lycopene at concentration of 10 mg/kg significantly increased leptin (4.01±0.62) and cholecystokinin (1158.62±65.68) while significantly reduced neuropeptide Y (138.05±26.09) and body weight (21.12±2.10) compared to the control group (leptin: 3.07±0.47/ cholecystokinin: 925±158.55/ neuropeptide Y: 200.45±26.55/ body weight: 24.50±2.82) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lycopene reduces body weight by increasing serum levels of appetite-reducing hormones (leptin and cholecystokinin) and inhibition of orexigenic neuropeptide Y hormone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Covid-19 patients perceive a lot of stress and suffer from psychological symptoms including depression, stress and anxiety. Because these patients are required to comply with quarantine conditions, remote training can be used for these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of remote training of stress management in a cognitive-behavioral way on the psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, the research population was all the patients with Covid-19 referred to the Dr.Garazi hospital in Isfahan city in the winter of 1400. 70 people were selected by available sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups (35 people) by limited randomization method. For the intervention group, remote training program on stress management was implemented in five sessions of 60 minutes in two weeks. The control group did not receive training. Psychological symptoms were measured before and after the training sessions using the DASS-21 questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS21 software and at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and by performing chi-square tests, analysis of variance, independent and paired ttest, and analysis of covariance. Results: Remote training of stress management in a cognitive-behavioral way has had a significant effect on all dimensions of psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients in the intervention group and has reduced them in the intervention group. (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, this method of training can improve the psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients. Considering the possibility of easy and comprehensive use of distance education, it is recommended to use this method of teaching patients in similar pandemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient participation in treatment decisions has been associated with improved treatment results. By checking the level of knowledge of patients and informing patients about the risks and benefits of treatment methods, the level of participation of patients in treatment can be checked. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the participation rate in the treatment of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in descriptive and analytical form in 2019. The statistical population includes 15 doctors who worked in the field of breast diseases and 300 patients with breast cancer who visited clinics and doctor's offices in the cities of Shiraz, Kerman, Rasht and Tabriz, who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to measure the level of participation, a researcher-made questionnaire was used after validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software with the help of descriptive statistics and chi-square inferential tests. Results: The findings of the research showed that patients' participation in treatment has a significant and direct relationship with age, education, duration of illness and income of patients (P value < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, patient participation was reported in three areas (decision-making process (53%), doctor's practical behavior (67.6) and patient preferences (66.2)) and in general, the level of participation in the treatment of patients with Breast cancer was estimated at 52%. Conclusion: Empowering patients by increasing awareness about diagnosis and treatment, as well as covering breast cancer as a special disease and receiving treatment allowances, can help increase patient participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the basic features of a successful anesthesia is reversible loss of consciousness with immobility, lack of awareness, not responding to painful stimulation and not remembering surgical interventions. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing ketamine and dexmedetomidine in maintaining hemodynamic stability in laparoscopic head cystectomy surgery with general anesthesia. Materials & Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial Study. 90 patients aged 18 to 44 (in three groups of 30) were evaluated during general anesthesia. Inclusion criteria included anesthesia class (ASA I, II) and consent to participate in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: 1) control and 2) intervention with ketamine, intervention and 3) intervention with dexmedetomidine. Patients' hemodynamic symptoms (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, blood oxygen saturation percentage and heart rate) were evaluated. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests (MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis) using SPSS version 21 software. Result: The findings of the research showed that between the three groups of ketamine, dexmedetomidine and control in the times before induction, after induction, 5 minutes after, 15 minutes after, 30 minutes after, 60 minutes after, in recovery and outside of recovery, from There is a significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in heart rate between the three groups at these times (P<0.05). The average percentage of blood oxygen saturation in the ketamine group was lower than the dexmedetomidine and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the use of dexmedetomidine in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery compared to ketamine causes hemodynamic stability in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery with general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Regular exercise is considered as a physiological stimulus for the release of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of one week of aerobic training on the production of CD34+ hematopoietic cells and the amount of white blood cells and hemoglobin after autologous transplantation in leukemia patients. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 39 patients who were candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation referred to Taleghani Hospital were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group exercised on the treadmill with an intensity of 40-60% of the reserve heart rate for one week. But the control group did not receive any intervention. The blood sample was taken from each patient immediately after training and at the time of hospitalization and discharge. T-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS22 software. Results: The number of CD34+ cells increased after training in both groups (P >0.0001), But there was no significant difference between the two groups. The amount of white blood cells did not increase significantly in two groups. The amount of hemoglobin decreased significantly in both groups (P>0.05). However, at the time of discharge, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of white blood cells and hemoglobin. Conclusion: Although the combination of G-CSF treatment and aerobic exercise does not facilitate faster recovery of blood cells, it does not delay recovery and does not pose a risk to patients who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A number of factors affect the duration of assignment of patients and prolong this time in the emergency department. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of delay in determining the assignment of patients admitted to the emergency department of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from the point of view of doctors, nurses, paramedics and department secretary. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 129 emergency personnel of Ghaem hospital in Mashhad city in 2022. The data collection tool in this study includes two demographic information questionnaires and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the causes of delay in determining the assignment of emergency patients. Data analysis was done using spss software version 21 and descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests. Results: The average age of the participants was 34.7±8.0 years and their work experience was 8.7±8.0 years. 62 patients (48.1%) were nurses, 34 patients were doctors (26.4%), 15 patients (11.6%) were paramedics, and 4 patients (3.1%) were secretaries. Overcrowding of the emergency room and lack of nursing staff, lack of timely visits by senior shift assistants, and scattered cases were respectively the most important in determining patients' assignments. From the point of view of doctors and nurses, overcrowding of the emergency room and lack of nursing staff, from the point of view of paramedics, handing over the file and doctor's order to the nurse, and from the point of view of the secretary, the initiation of treatment/recording of drugs and tests in the system were the most important causes of delay in determining the patient's assignment. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that overcrowding of the emergency room, shortage of nursing staff, and lack of timely visits by senior shift assistants are the main causes of delay in determining patients' assignments from the point of view of the treatment staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In addition to physical health, the epidemic of COVD-19 has significant effects on mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the post-traumatic stress smytpmys in people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The population of this study was all people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to COVID-19 ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft city during the summer of 2020, who were chosen throw convenient sampling. Eventually 304 people were available through sampling, who were diagnosed with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and consented to participate in the study, answered the demographic information questionnaire and the PostTraumatic Symptoms Scale (PTSS-10) and the Revised Event Impact Scale (IES-R). The findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA and at the significance level 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean scores of IES and PTSS for the studied subjects were 34.55±14.92 and 2.66±2.59, respectively, overall, 46.8% of the participants considered the psychological effects of COVID-19 as moderate to severe and were at risk for PTSD. Conclusion: According to the results, at least half of the people confronted with COVID-19 are exposed to psychological effects and the risk of PTSS. Providing timely counseling and treatment services on time can prevent possible consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. The aim of the present study was to obtain specific genes in RCC, based on bioinformatics studies and to evaluate the expression change of candidate genes in ACHN cells after transfection of the seh gene of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The expression correlations of genes involved in RCC were investigated in the TCGA database, and networks of genes was constructed. In vivo studies were performed in the ACHN cell model, in which the staphylococcal seh gene was cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector and transfected into ACHN cells. After confirming the correct function of the recombinant vector in these cells and inducing apoptosis, the expression of candidate genes was evaluated. Results: The results showed the successful identification of the expression correlations of genes involved in apoptosis and lncRNA-mRNA interaction network in RCC. Induction of apoptosis under the influence of toxin expression was confirmed by flow cytometry. Expression of SOX9, SBF2/AS1, MAF and c-Maf genes in cells ordered by recombinant vector was significantly reduced compared to control cells. Also, increased expression of LINC00671 and LINC02499 genes was observed in cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+)- seh vector compared to the control group (p <0.05) and This change in expression confirmed the accurate identification of genes involved in RCC cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The gene networks identified in this study can provide a new perspective for research aimed at identifying new molecular pathways and treating RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, cancer stem cells have attracted a lot of attention as tumour-initiating cells. Hyperthermia was also found to be beneficial in cancer treatment in many studies. In the present study, we assessed the effects of hyperthermia on colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) and their derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). Materials and Methods: CSCs were isolated from the HT-29 cell lines and then, the expression of surface marker and stemness-related genes were evaluated. Next, the toxicity effect of hyperthermia on HT-29 and CSCs was assessed. In addition, the effect of hyperthermia on the expression of stemness, proliferation, Wnt signaling pathway, and apoptosis genes was evaluated. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed. Results: Isolated-CSCs were positive for CD133 surface marker and the expression of stemness genes in the isolated-CSCs was significantly higher than HT-29 cells (P-value< 0.05). Treatment with hyperthermia reduced the survival rate of HT-29 and CSCs. In both groups, the gene expression of OCT3/4, NANOG, PCNA, WNT1, and CTNNB1, was decreased (P>0.05). In addition, the expression of P53, KLF4, and BAX genes was significantly increased in CSCs (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that hyperthermia did not have a significant effect on HT-29 cells. However, it had a significant effect on the cell viability, growth curve, expression of genes involved in apoptosis and KLF4 in treated-CSCs. Therefore, hyperthermia can have a beneficial effect on inhibiting the growth and proliferation of CSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune system disorders as one of the major problems in dialysis patients increase their susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia. The present study was conducted for the first time in Iran with the aim of determining the prevalence of natural acquired immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae in hemodialysis patients in Jahrom, Iran. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 89 hemodialysis patients in Jahrom-Iran, 2022. The presence of anti-pneumococcal antibodies in the serum of patients was assessed by ELISA method. Demographic information, mean history of hemodialysis treatment and number of times per week were extracted from patients' records. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics-23 statistical software (IBM, USA) using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: The prevalence of immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae in dialysis patients was 20.22%. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of pneumococcal immunity between participants in terms of age groups, sex and number of dialysis sessions per week (p<0.05) but there was no statistically significant relationship with the duration of dialysis treatment (p=0.09). Conclusions: Prevalence of this type of immunity, which indicates a history of pneumococcal infection in dialysis patients in Jahrom. Due to the ability to prevent this infection by pneumococcal vaccination, the need for Iranian dialysis patients for pneumococcal vaccination is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to the prevalence of degenerative diseases among middle-aged and elderly people who undergo surgery, it is very important to evaluate the clinical consequences of these patients who have undergone surgery. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between modic changes and fast effusion and its relationship with clinical, functional and lumbar spine outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative disorders. Materials and methods: In this study, all patients over 30 years of age who will be admitted to Shahid Chamran Hospital between 1996 and 1999 due to lumbar degenerative causes for spinal surgery were studied. After 6 months, patients underwent clinical examination and imaging and the extent of modic changes and fast effusion as well as clinical consequences and spinal stability was investigated. Results: There was a significant difference in the amount of pain before and after surgery (p <0.001). No significant relationship was observed between thyroid modicum, vacuum sign, laminectomy level and discectomy with spinal instability (P> 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in terms of Dynamic T between the two groups(P> 0.05) but there was a significant difference between Dynamic A between the two groups. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that lumbar degenerative surgery is not associated with spinal instability. It is suggested that in future studies, patients with spinal instability be retrospectively examined with a larger sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A growing amount of evidence has revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed single-stranded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play significant roles in initiation and progression of breast cancer (BC) through different mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the hsa_circ_0003098 expression and its potential roles in BC, as well as the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA crosstalk in these contexts. Materials and Methods: Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of hsa_circ_0003098 in the breast tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues. Its association with different demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of BC patients was assessed by statistical analysis. Finally, we used bioinformatic approaches to uncover the potential circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes using some databases and software. Results: Our results revealed that hsa_circ_0003098 expression is significantly upregulated in BC tumors compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, hsa_circ_0003098 over-expression is significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and hair dye use. Next, we found that this circRNA can regulate key mRNAs and miRNAs in the ceRNA network. Conclusion: It is suggested that hsa_circ_0006960, which is significantly up-expressed in breast tumors and associated with lymph node metastasis, could play key roles in the physiopathology of breast cancer through sponging off the miRNAs involved in hsa_circ_0003098/miRNAs/mRNAs network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to the relatively high prevalence of benign breast diseases in women and the hormonal relationship in puberty and regulating the growth rate of epithelial cells and stromal cells of the breast, more attention to these effective hormonal factors will be effective in reducing the prevalence of these diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptive pills and the prevalence of fibroadenoma in women referred to Khatam al-Anbia Breast Cancer Clinic in Jahrom and healthy women referred to Khatam al-Anbia Clinic in Jahrom Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 610 women referred to Khatam Al-Anbia Breast Cancer Clinic in Jahrom participated in 2019. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire that the validity of this questionnaire was determined by 5 professors of the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha test of 85%. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests Results: 610 women aged 20-60 years who referred to Khatamah Al-Anbia Clinic in Jahrom participated in the study. The history of hyperlipidemia in women participating in the study had the highest frequency in fibroadenoma and non-fibroadenoma groups. Also in the fibroadenoma group, 30.2% of women were overweight and 10.4% obese, while in the group without fibroadenoma, 43.7% of women were overweight and 24.6% were obese. Regarding the use of hormonal drugs, the results of logistic regression by modulating the effect of age and BMI showed that the duration of use of OCP, OR = 0.93 (CI: 0.55,1.56)) was not significantly associated with the chance of developing benign breast masses (PV: 0.78) Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of birth control pills (OCP) is not associated with the occurrence of benign breast diseases. However, due to the relationship between the use of hormonal pills or malignant breast diseases, it is better to do this study from other angles and by modifying confounding variables and on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most effective available tools to prevent infectious diseases. Due to the great importance of vaccination of children, the present study aimed to determine the status of vaccination coverage in children in Abadan before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, data related to the vaccination status of 115 children born in 1398 and 98 children born in 1399 were collected. Vaccination delay status was recorded as a ranking variable with a range from "no delay" to "no vaccination" and in four age groups "at birth", two, 4 and 6 months. Number (percentage) was used to present the delay status of vaccination in population subgroups. GEE (generalized estimating equations) and two-way and rank logistic regression were used to compare the delay status of different vaccination periods between two years and also to examine the relationship between demographic variables and delay in vaccination. Analyzes were performed using SPSS 24 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: With the passage of time from the birth of the baby, a significant increase in the rate of delay in vaccination was observed in both years. Comparing different times between two years, the chance of delay in vaccination in all times of 1399 was higher than 1398 and over time this difference increased so that in 1399 the chance of long delay in four months OR = 1.59 (p = 0.062) and six months OR = 4.87 (p <0.001) was equal to 1398. In general comparison, the chance of long delay in 1399, OR = 1.54 (p = 0.002) was equal to the chance of long delay in 1398. Maternal employment and the child with an underlying disease had a significant effect on increasing the delay in vaccination. Conclusions: Due to the decrease in parental visits for vaccination of children during the Covid-19 epidemic, health officials should make more efforts to maintain coverage and vaccination during this or similar periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People who have multiple transfusions, such as Beta-thalassemia patients, are at risk for the hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection. The aim of the study was the determination of serological prevalence of HGV and its associated factors in beta-thalassemia major patients in Jahrom-Iran. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study, was done on 91 beta-thalassemia patients referring to the thalassemia center, Jahrom-Iran, 2021. Blood samples were collected from the patients and anti-HGV antibodies were evaluated by ELISA methods. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and demographic data were extracted from patients' medical records. Descriptive analysis, X2, and T-test were used for statistical analyses by SPSS-16. Results: The prevalence anti-HGV IgG and IgM were 17% and 5%, respectively. There were significant relationships between the frequencies of anti-HGV antibodies and serum level of ALT, ASL, ALP and also with the history time of transfusion (P<0.05). But, there were no significant relationships between the frequencies of anti-HGV antibodies with patients' sex and the mean of age (P>0.05). Conclusions: HGV is one of the etiologic factors of hepatitis in thalassemia patients in Jahrom. Further comprehensive and molecular-based studies are recommended to explore the prevalence of HGV and its role in hepatitis thalassemia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces excitotoxicity and cell damage in different areas of the brain, especially the hippocampus. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) on hippocampal cell damage in MSG-treated rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, MSG, MSG+Q10-10 and MSG+Q10-20. MSG (3 gr/kg, orally) and Co-Q10 (20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were administered day after day for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the brain hippocampus was isolated quickly on ice. Hippocampal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated by ELISA technique. Finally, the density of dark neurons in different areas of the hippocampus was measured by stereology method. Results: In comparison with MSG group, Co-Q10 treatment significantly reduced inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) in the hippocampus of Co-Q10-treated rats (p <0.05). The density of dark neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in the CoQ10 group compared with the MSG group (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory properties of coenzyme Q10 may be responsible for its neuroprotective function in the hippocampus and ameliorates MSG-induced neurotoxicity in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is known as one of the most common malignancies among women. Due to Induced death of the disease recurrence in many patients, use of novel methods and drugs is very important for them. The microalgae Spirulina platensis is used in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, due to its large amounts of beneficial compounds. Therefore, in the present study, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of spirulina platensis extract on SKBR-3 breast adenocarcinoma cell line assessed. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, the SKBR-3 breast cancer cells were treated in four experimental groups with 400, 200, 100 and 50 μg / ml extract of spirulina and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturer protocol in both times. Statistical analysis was accomplished by ANOVA and Duncan tests using FlowJo and SPSS 18 softwars. Results: The MTS results indicate decrease in bioavailability of cells in 48h incubation time in contrary to 24h incubation time in other experimental groups. This decrease is significant at concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 μg / ml of spirulina extract compared to the control group (P=0.044). The induction of apoptosis at both incubation times; 24 h (P=0.036) and 48h (P=0.032) was significantly increased in other experimental groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Extracts of Spirulina platensis can be used as a source to develop anticancer drugs against breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common complications after intrathecal anesthesia is chills during surgery. The second most common complaint followed by intrathecal anesthesia is nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding fentanyl to bupivacaine on chills and vomiting nausea in patients undergoing femoral surgery by spinal anesthesia. Methods & Materials: This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients aged 18 to 50 years with anesthesia classes 1 and 2 who were candidates for femoral orthopedic surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. The intervention group received 12.5 mg bupivacaine (2.5 cc) and 10 mg fentanyl (control group) and the control group received 12.5 μg bupivacaine (0.5 ml normal). Patients with dry mouth, nausea, vomiting and shivering were evaluated at 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: Forty patients undergoing spinal orthopedic surgery with spinal anesthesia participated in two equal groups (bupivacaine-fentanyl (n = 20) and bupivacaine (n = 20). There was no significant difference between fentanyl and bupivacaine in terms of recovery from nausea and postoperative times (p> 0.05) and differences between bupivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine in shivering at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours postoperatively. There was no significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, although fewer complications such as shivering and nausea and vomiting were reported within minutes of the study in the fentanyl group, this decrease was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transfer of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units mainly for the purpose of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can be associated with adverse events. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the incidence of adverse events and its associated risk factors during the transfer of ICU Patients. Material & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patient data were collected through a checklist of adverse events over a 6-month period. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software (version 22). Results: 536 patients (91.2%) had adverse events. The incidence of patient-related, staff-related, and equipmentrelated adverse events was 65.5%, 73.3%, and 7.8%, respectively. The incidence of adverse events was higher in men than women (P= 0.035). The incidence of adverse events in stroke transfer (51.9%) was significantly higher than other methods (P<0.001). Incidence of adverse events in ICU was significantly higher than CCU (P= 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of adverse events and the presence of equipment such as oxygen cylinder (P<0.001), cardiac monitor (P=0.047), portable ventilator (P=0.004), pulse oximeter (P<0.001) and bedside railing (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the incidence of adverse events was high. Organizations must identify and actively address risks during the transition. The use of checklists and communication tools related to data transfer can improve the quality and safety of transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Among the free living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria australiensis are considered as the cause of death due to primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). As the water of swimming pools are the sources of free living amoeba, this study conducted to detection of Naegleria and identification of N.australiensis from swimming pools. Materials and Methods: Eighty water samples were collected from 20 swimming pools of Kerman province in summer 2018 and the residual chlorine, pH and temperature were measured, then filtered and cultured. After morphological identification of amoeba, genus identification and species confirmation were performed by PCR and comparison of PCR product sequence in gene bank, respectively. Results: The temperature and residual chlorine of water were at standard level in 50% and 93.7%, respectively. Overall 8.75% of water swimming pool samples were contaminated with amoeba with similar morphology to Naegleria. The results of PCR were confirmed the present of Naegleria in 7 samples. The contamination percent was higher in men timetable (10%) and in one meter of wall of swimming pools (12.5%). Comparison of PCR products showed the high percentages of Identity and Query Coverage with recorded sequences of N.australiensis and it was deposited in NCBI with accession number MT292609. Conclusion: The present research showed that 25% of swimming pools in Kerman province are contaminated with N. australiensis. Regarding to the pathogenic potential of N. australiensis for human and animals, it is necessary, the health workers think about for more disinfection of swimming pools water for preventing of possible infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the main causes of diabetes and its spread is an increase in inflammatory factors and a decrease in anti-inflammatory factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of resistance training with pomegranate juice supplementation on inflammatory factors. Anti-inflammatory and some lipoproteins in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials & Methods: The statistical sample of this study was 40 type 2 diabetic women with an age range of 40-55 years who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups: control group (10 people), resistance training group (10 people), consumption group. Pomegranate juice (10 people) and resistance training and pomegranate juice consumption group (10 people) were included. Resistance training group and resistance training group and consumption of pomegranate juice for eight weeks and three sessions of resistance training every week with an intensity of 30% of maximum pre-repetition and at the end of the eighth week reached 80% of maximum background repetition and daily group of pomegranate juice users They consumed 100 cc of pomegranate juice. In order to study the research variables, 4 cc of blood samples were taken from the research samples 48 hours before and after the implementation of research protocols and in the case of 12 hours of fasting. Results: Eight weeks of resistance training with pomegranate juice consumption caused a significant increase in IL-10, HDL levels and a significant decrease in CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, HDL levels in women with diabetes. Conclusion: The results showed that eight weeks of resistance training with consumption of pomegranate juice reduces some inflammatory factors and increases some anti-inflammatory indices in women with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chemotherapy is one of the most common methods in cancer therapy that has always faced challenges. The aim of the present study was to develop nano-carriers containing paclitaxel chemotherapy drug and to investigate its toxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Three formulations of liposomal nano-carriers containing paclitaxel with different concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were fabricated using the thin film method. Then according to the loading rate of drug, one of the formulations was selected and pegylated. Percentage of drug loading into pegylated nano-liposomes, drug release pattern in healthy and cancerous cell conditions, size and surface charge of nanoparticles (using DLS) and morphology of nanoparticles (using SEM) was evaluated. At the end, the toxicity of liposomal system containing drug and non-liposome drug on MCF7 cell line was evaluated by MTT assay. Result: The results showed that drug loading percentage, size, zeta potential of pegylated nano-carriers containing the drug were 90/6±2/35%, 49/4nm and -46/74±5/55mV, respectively. Release of the drug from the liposomal system is slow within 72 hours in normal and cancerous cell conditions. The morphology of the nanoparticles was smooth and spherical, and no chemical interaction was observed between the drug and the nano-carrier. Paclitaxel liposomal also had more toxicity to MCF-7 cell line breast cancer than non-liposomal drug. Conclusion: Based on the results, the liposomal formulation of this study can be recommended for further research in breast cancer with respect to its physicochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The metabolism of many fats, including free fatty acids and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the association between circulating ox-LDL and acute myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: The case control study conducted on 43 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 43 volunteers who had no signs, symptoms or history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and matched to patients for age and sex (control). We used ELISA kit (company of Mercodia, Sweden) to measure circulating ox-LDL. The data recorded and then analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Statistical significance was considered as p-value less than 0.05. Results: Two study groups significantly were no differences as age, sex, smoking, family history of ischemic heart disease, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and disease existence. There was a significant difference between the mean concentration of ox-LDL in AMI and control group as it was higher in the patients (2.14 ± 1.67 μg/ml) than the controls (1.03 ± 1.18 μg/ml, p= 0.001). Using logistic regression analysis and entering variables of study in the model, ox-LDL factor was independently associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (OR= 1.74, CI95%: 1.23-2.45, P= 0.002). Conclusions: Elevated ox-LDL is associated with the acute myocardial infarction and may also be helpful in the early detection of myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Campylobacteria is one of the most common groups of bacteria which is transmitted between humans and animals. Among the animal source foods, the presence of campylobacter species in poultry meat has been extensively reported and the consumption of undercooked meat is the most important cause of campylobacter transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to identify Campylobacter spp.in Jahrom slaughterhouse chickens in2016-17. Material&Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 328 samples of poultry carcasses were randomly selected from slaughterhouses of Jahrom during spring and winter of 2016-2017.Campy-Thio transient medium were used for transferring samples. Exeter Broth enrichment medium and Agar Skirrow selective medium and specific Bacteriological tests were used to identify campylobacter.Data were analyzed by SPSS software version21in descriptive statistics level and using frequency, percentage and chi-square test at the significant level of 0.05. Results: Out of 328 samples, contamination with Campylobacter species was showed in 217(66.2%) ones, 146 (67.3%) and 71 (32.7%) of the samples were infected with Campylobacter jejuni and other Campylobacter species, respectively. It is necessary to mention that 118samples (72%) were contaminated in spring and 99 ones (60.4%) in winter. Also, Frequency of Campylobacter species in liver was79.3%, gizzard 69.5%, heart 61% and meat of poultry55%. Conclusion: Due to the contamination of poultry carcasses (66.2%) especially the liver, which is a potential source of Campylobacter species infection and one of the major health hazards in human society, quality control, and the significant association between infection frequency and season Notification about not consuming certain parts of chicken and training proper methods of consumption and full baking of poultry meat and precautions during the different seasons seems essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most cases of blood transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis are caused by platelet concentrates (PCs). Screening of PCs is carried out in the Iranian quality control plans as it is essential for detection of bacterial contamination. With regard to quality control, this study investigated the frequency of bacterial contamination of PCs through Gram staining and microbial culture methods. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 880 cords out of 440 platelet product bags (two cords per platelet bag) were selected on the first and third days and included in the study. Direct smears were prepared from the samples for Gram staining, then they were cultured in blood agar and chocolate agar under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions for detection of both Gram positive and negative cocci and Gram positive bacteria. Cultures were also made in MacConkey medium under aerobic conditions to identify Gram negative bacilli. In cases of bacterial growth and colony formation, differential tests were performed to detect the bacteria. Results: One case of Staphylococcus saprophyticus was isolated of 440 platelet bags collected from donors in Jahrom Blood Transfusion Organization, from which two platelet cord (880 samples) had been isolated on the first and third days. Accordingly, a contamination frequency of 0.23% was detected for platelet products in Jahrom city. Conclusion: Performing staining and bacterial culture from all of the platelet cords before they are used is a good way to ensure safety and prevent bacterial contamination from platelet products and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period of life characterized by changes and rapid growth, Behavioral changes in this period are effective on person's health. The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of health risk behaviors among high school students of Qom. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 800 high school students in Qom (400 girls and 400 boys) that were selected by randomly multistage sampling. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Independent-Sample T Test, Chi-squared test and descriptive statistics by SPSS 16 software. Results: The prevalence of high-risk behaviors in the studied population in all three areas was 450 (56.25%). The prevalence of physical contact at school and outside school during a year; carrying a sharp weapon to school during a month; smoking in school during a month; and hookah smoking, use of alcohol and drug during a month had statistically significant difference in both sex (P

Introduction: Type, intensity and duration of exercise, determining the effect of exercise on hematological indexes. The aim of this study was surveying the effects of exercise intensity on platelet and hematologic parameters in girls’ college futsal players. Materials and Methods: Eleven female futsal player of Jahrom University who had futsal training at least for six months, voluntarily participated in this Semi-experimental study. Subjects, runs on the track and field piste for 30 min at 65% maximal heart rate in first week and at 80% maximal Heart rate in second week. Blood was drawn immediately before and after each exercise session. Results: The results showed that blood platelets, hematocrit and the mean corpuscular volume was significantly increased (p>0.05) after moderate-intensity exercise. Also, blood platelets and the mean corpuscular volume increased significantly (p>0.05) and the hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values was significantly reduced (p >0.05) after high intensity exercise. There was significant difference in hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values between moderate and high-intensity exercise (p >0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, acute exercise with different intensity can have a significant effect on some blood parameters in female futsal academic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inhaled drugs (IDs) are the most common form of asthma controlling drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization pattern and concerns about IDs and the relevant factors from the perspective of parents of children with asthma. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among children with asthma presenting to asthma and allergy clinics in two teaching hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Data was collected by a form, and analyzed in SPSS software version 20 using Chi-square test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of patients’ age were 7.58±4.01 years. More than 95% of the patients were taking anti-asthmatic drugs at the time of the study. Of the patients who used anti-asthmatic drugs, 86.6% were using IDs alone or in combination with oral anti-asthmatic drugs. Of patients who used IDs, 22.2% took one, 58.7% took two, and 19.1% took three types of IDs. Overall, Salbutamol (93.9%) and Beclomethasone (76%) were the most common IDs used in the patients. Nearly 91% of the parents were satisfied and 95.9% of them had concerns about the use of IDs. Dependency on IDs (90.1%) and high costs of IDs (81.3%) were the most common causes of concern. Conclusion: Despite parents’ high satisfaction with IDs for control of asthma in children, parental concerns about IDs may deprive children of these highly effective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in medical sciences, which are size-dependent. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles is valuable due to their numerous applications in detection of pathogens, cancer therapy and targeted drug delivery. The purpose of this research was to produce silver nanoparticles by the extract of aerial parts of Ferulago angulata and to check antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: To this end, the extract of Ferulago angulata was exposed to silver nitrate solution of 0.1 molar at different concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 mM) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. After the color changed to brown, the present of silver nanoparticles was confirmed using UV-visible, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR analyses. Results: The UV-visible spectroscopy showed that silver nanoparticles had an absorption peak at 450 nm. The particles had a mean diameter of 19 nm, a size of 3 to 62 nm, and spherical shape. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles was investigated and confirmed against the Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: The results show this plant has a good functioning for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Therefore, it can be used for treating many diseases transmitted by bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many surgical operations require tracheal intubation for anesthetizing the patients. Intubation and extubation are usually associated with complications in patients. The present research was conducted to compare the effects of Lidocaine and pethidine on reducing post-extubation complications in patients presenting to operating theaters in Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom, Iran. Materials and Method: This clinical trial enrolled 210 patients who were randomly allocated to the pethidine, lidocaine, and control groups. After the surgical procedures and before extubation, the first group received 20mg of pethidine, the second group received 2ml of lidocaine, and the third group did not receive any medications. Post-extubation complications such as sore throat, coughing, nausea and vomiting, straining, laryngospasm, transient hypoxemia, and strained voice were compared. The data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using descriptive statistical tests (mean and percentage) and inferential statistical tests (chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, etc.) Results: Patients who received pethidine suffered less straining (p=0.032) and sore throat (p=0.046), but there were no significant differences between the two experimental groups in laryngospasm, transient hypoxemia, nausea and vomiting, coughing, and strained voice. The lidocaine and the control groups did not differ significantly in post-extubation complications (p>0.05). Furthermore, a larger number of the patients in the pethidine group developed a sore throat compared to the lidocaine group (p=0.049). Conclusions: Although pethidine was more effective in reducing pain than lidocaine, it did not decrease many of the complications. Therefore, it is best to concurrently use low doses of both pethidine and lidocaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin are bone remodeling markers such that their increased levels are associated with increased bone formation process. Furthermore, continued cigarette smoking is associated with the change in bone remodeling indexes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of three months of aerobic training on ALP and osteocalcin as bone remodeling markers in male smokers. Materials and Method: Thirty-two sedentary age-matched (42 ± 2 years old) male smokers were recruited by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (three days per week / 60%-80% of maximum heart rate) and the control group did not exercise. Anthropometrical markers, fasting serum osteocalcin and ALP were measured in both groups before and after the intervention. ANCOVA was used to evaluate the changes in variables at the significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Significant decreases were observed in anthropometrical markers by aerobic training in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Aerobic training induced a significant increase in serum osteocalcin (p = 0.011) and ALP (p = 0.019) in the experimental group, but these variables did not change in the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Long term aerobic training in the presence continued cigarette smoking can improve bone formation in male smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]