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Background: This study evaluates the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of the difficulty of swallowing medication in Parkinson's disease (PD)., Methods: In this prospective controlled, cross-sectional cohort study, the ability to swallow four different placebos was assessed using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in 118 PD patients and 32 controls. The association between a patient's swallowing ability for each pill and water, patient characteristics and dopaminergic response was examined. The value of two swallowing screening questions was also evaluated., Results: Substantially impaired ability to swallow pills was found in 28% (n = 33/118) of patients and 16% (n = 5/32) of controls (p = 0.18). Higher disease severity was associated with more problems with swallowing pills (p = 0.03), but PD patients with short disease duration (<2 years), low H&Y stage (1-2), and younger age (<70 years) were also affected (each at least in 20%). Capsules were the easiest to swallow while oval tablets were the most difficult (p < 0.01, r = 0.21). Most patients (73%, n = 24/33) presented with swallowing problems only for a single formulation. Aspiration of water was found in 48% of patients, suggesting a possible increased risk of aspiration when taking dissolved tablets. Standardized questionnaires showed insufficient sensitivity (52% both) but fairly good specificity (69-74%) for dysphagia of pills. Dysphagia for medication was not associated with a lack of dopaminergic response., Conclusions: Dysphagia of medication occurs preferentially in advanced disease stages. An assessment of pill swallowing using FEES is suggested at least in patients reporting swallowing problems. Capsules might be preferentially used when dysphagia is suspected., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Dysphagia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and leads to pneumonia, malnutrition, and reduced quality of life. For detecting dysphagia-exposed PD patients, the Munich dysphagia test-Parkinson's disease (MDT-PD) is a patient self-reported tool that has been developed specifically for PD patients. The MDT-PD is available in both German and English. This study aimed to ascertain whether the MDT-PD can detect aspiration in PD patients and, therefore, serve as a suitable screening tool., Methods: In a controlled, cross-sectional, observational study, a total of 119 PD outpatients were examined clinically and were evaluated by the MDT-PD and the one swallowing question (NMS-3) from the nonmotor symptom questionnaire for Parkinson's disease (NMSQuest). The results of the MDT-PD and the NMS-3 were compared to the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) rating defined by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)., Key Results: Half of the patients with aspiration as determined using FEES were not detected by the MDT-PD and NMS-3 self-reported tools. The proportion of false positive patients was high with both tools. The sensitivity of the MDT-PD to detect patients who are at risk for aspiration is insufficient (0.37) and not superior to applying the dysphagia screening question from the NMSQuest (0.5)., Conclusion: This study reveals that the MDT-PD is not suitable for detecting aspiration in PD patients and, therefore, cannot be considered as a screening tool for aspiration. However, at present, there is no alternative validated screening tool that can reliably detect aspiration in PD patients. A readjustment of the MDT-PD is urgently needed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)