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2 results on '"Nwangwu U"'

1. Developing African arbovirus networks and capacity strengthening in arbovirus surveillance and response: findings from a virtual workshop.

Author

Braack L, Wulandhari SA, Chanda E, Fouque F, Merle CS, Nwangwu U, Velayudhan R, Venter M, Yahouedo AG, Lines J, Aung PP, Chan K, Abeku TA, Tibenderana J, and Clarke SE

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Mosquito Vectors, Aedes, Arbovirus Infections epidemiology, Arbovirus Infections prevention & control, Arboviruses, Chikungunya Fever, Dengue, Zika Virus, Zika Virus Infection
Abstract

This meeting report presents the key findings and discussion points of a 3-h virtual workshop, held on 21 September 2022, and organized by the "Resilience Against Future Threats through Vector Control (RAFT)" research consortium. The workshop aimed to identify priorities for advancing arbovirus research, network and capacity strengthening in Africa. Due to increasing human population growth, urbanization and global movement (trade, tourism, travel), mosquito-borne arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, are increasing globally in their distribution and prevalence. This report summarizes the presentations that reviewed the current status of arboviruses in Africa, including: (i) key findings from the recent WHO/Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR) survey in 47 African countries that revealed deep and widespread shortfalls in the capacity to cope with arbovirus outbreak preparedness, surveillance and control; (ii) the value of networking in this context, with examples of African countries regarding arbovirus surveillance; and (iii) the main priorities identified by the breakout groups on "research gaps", "networks" and "capacity strengthening"., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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2. Resistance status of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) to four commonly used insecticides for malaria vector control in South-East Nigeria.

Author

Chukwuekezie O, Nwosu E, Nwangwu U, Dogunro F, Onwude C, Agashi N, Ezihe E, Anioke C, Anokwu S, Eloy E, Attah P, Orizu F, Ewo S, Okoronkwo A, Joseph A, Ikeakor I, Haruna S, and Gnanguenon V

Subjects
Acetylcholinesterase genetics, Animals, DDT, Female, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Larva drug effects, Malaria, Mosquito Vectors genetics, Mutation, Nigeria, Nitriles, Organothiophosphorus Compounds pharmacology, Phenylcarbamates pharmacology, Pupa drug effects, Pyrethrins, World Health Organization, Anopheles drug effects, Anopheles genetics, Insecticide Resistance drug effects, Insecticide Resistance genetics, Insecticides pharmacology, Mosquito Control methods, Mosquito Vectors drug effects
Abstract

Background: Progress made in the control of malaria vectors globally is largely due to the use of insecticides. However, success in the fight against malaria has slowed down or even stalled due to a host of factors including insecticide resistance. The greatest burden of the disease is felt in Africa, particularly Nigeria. Unfortunately, adequate information on insecticide resistance is lacking in many parts of the country, particularly the South-East Zone. Hence, this study aims to bridge the information gap in the Zone., Methods: The study was conducted from April to December 2016. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) larvae and pupae were collected from one community each, in the five states of the South-East Zone and reared to the adult stage. The adults were subjected to bioassays for insecticide resistance in accordance with the World Health Organization test procedures, across the four classes of insecticides used in public health. The mosquitoes were also subjected to molecular identification to the species level, and genotyped for West African knockdown resistance mutation (L1014F) and insensitive acetylcholinesterase-1 resistance mutation (G119S)., Results: The mosquitoes were susceptible (100%) to bendiocarb but resistant to pirimiphos-methyl (39.6%), deltamethrin (57%) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (13%). Molecular analysis revealed that only An. gambiae (sensu stricto) was found in all the states except for Ebonyi, where only Anopheles coluzzii was present. High frequencies (0.6-0.9) of the L1014F mutation were found across the zone. The L1014F mutation was significantly higher in An. gambiae (s.s.) than in An. coluzzii (P < 0.0001). A relatively low frequency (0.2) of the G119S mutation was found in An. coluzzii, and only in Ebonyi State., Conclusion: The results show that mosquitoes collected from the South-East Zone of Nigeria were resistant to all insecticides used, except for bendiocarb. The presence of L1014F and G119S resistance mutations reported in this study calls for urgent attention to stop the growing threat of insecticide resistance in the country.

Published
2020
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