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1. Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep from Romania

Author

Anamaria Ioana Paștiu, Viorica Mircean, Aurélien Mercier, Karine Passebosc-Faure, Nicolas Plault, Marie-Laure Dardé, Radu Blaga, Isabelle Villena, Dana Liana Pusta, Anamaria Cozma-Petruț, and Adriana Györke

Subjects
Toxoplasma gondii, Sheep, Lambs, Serology, Bioassay, PCR, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Limited epidemiological information is available about the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in Romania, and a high incidence would have implications for both the economy and public health. To our knowledge, no studies are available about the T. gondii strains circulating in lambs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep (serology), lambs (serology, bioassay, PCR) and sheep abortions (PCR) in Romania. Moreover, the study aimed to perform the genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from lambs. Methods Serum samples collected from 2650 sheep (2067 adults and 583 lambs) were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG) using a commercial ELISA kit. Likewise, 328 pairs of diaphragmatic muscle-serum samples were collected from lambs aged between 2 and 4 months. Lamb serum samples were analyzed using MAT for anti-T. gondii antibody detection. The diaphragm tissue samples from MAT-positive lambs (at a dilution ≥ 1:25) were bioassayed in mice. The T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellites markers. Additionally, brain and heart samples from 76 sheep abortions were analyzed for T. gondii DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 529-bp repeat region (REP529). Results The results showed that more than half of the tested sheep were T. gondii seropositive (53.5%). The seroprevalence was significantly higher in adults (61.1%) than in lambs (26.4%). The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in slaughtered lambs, by MAT, was 37.5% (123/328). There were bioassayed in mice 56 diaphragmatic tissues from 123 seropositive lambs. Toxoplasma gondii strains were isolated from 18 (32.1%) lambs intended for human consumption. All T. gondii strains were confirmed by PCR. Six strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers and belonged to genotype II. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 11.8% (9/76) of sheep abortions. Conclusions The present study showed the presence of T. gondii in sheep in all the regions considered in the study. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and lambs, demonstrated by serology, molecular analysis and bioassay, highlighted that there is an important risk of human infection in consuming raw or undercooked sheep/lamb meat. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
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2. The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia

Author

Ivana Klun, Aleksandra Uzelac, Isabelle Villena, Aurélien Mercier, Branko Bobić, Aleksandra Nikolić, Irena Rajnpreht, Marieke Opsteegh, Dominique Aubert, Radu Blaga, Joke van der Giessen, and Olgica Djurković-Djaković

Subjects
Toxoplasma gondii, Horse, Serbia, Prevalence, Strain, Isolation, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Consumption of undercooked or insufficiently cured meat is a major risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Although horsemeat is typically consumed rare or undercooked, information on the risk of T. gondii from infected horse meat to humans is scarce. Here, we present the results of a study to determine the presence of T. gondii infection in slaughter horses in Serbia, and to attempt to isolate viable parasites. Methods The study included horses from all regions of Serbia slaughtered at two abattoirs between June 2013 and June 2015. Blood sera were tested for the presence of specific IgG T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and samples of trypsin-digested heart tissue were bioassayed in mice. Cyst-positive mouse brain homogenates were subjected to DNA extraction and T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers (MS). Results A total of 105 slaughter horses were sampled. At the 1:6 cut-off 48.6% of the examined horses were seropositive, with the highest titre being 1:400. Viable parasites were isolated from two grade type mares; both parasite isolates (RS-Eq39 and RS-Eq40) were T. gondii type III, and both displayed an increased lethality for mice with successive passages. These are the first cases of isolation of T. gondii from horses in Serbia. When compared with a worldwide collection of 61 type III and type III-like strains, isolate RS-Eq39 showed a combination of MS lengths similar to a strain isolated from a duck in Iran, and isolate RS-Eq40 was identical in all markers to three strains isolated from a goat from Gabon, a sheep from France and a pig from Portugal. Interestingly, the source horses were one seronegative and one weakly seropositive. Conclusions The isolation of viable T. gondii parasites from slaughter horses points to horsemeat as a potential source of human infection, but the fact that viable parasites were isolated from horses with only a serological trace of T. gondii infection presents further evidence that serology may not be adequate to assess the risk of toxoplasmosis from horsemeat consumption. Presence of T. gondii type III in Serbia sheds more light into the potential origin of this archetypal lineage in Europe.

Published
2017
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3. Fifth European Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus Days (FiEDAD) 2016

Author

F. Simón, V. Kartashev, J. González-Miguel, A. Rivera, A. Diosdado, P. J. Gómez, R. Morchón, M. Siles-Lucas, Vladimir Kartashev, Nikolay Bastrikov, Boris Ilyasov, Alexey Ermakov, Sergey Kartashov, Denis Dontsov, Yuri Ambalov, Tamara Pavlikovska, Olga Sagach, Svetlana Nikolaenko, Nina Chizh, Alla Korzan, Alena Salauyova, Javier González-Miguel, Rodrigo Morchón, Mar Siles-Lucas, Fernando Simon, Éva Fok, István Kucsera, Sarah S. Übleis, Claudia Cuk, Michaela Nawratil, Victoria Wimmer, Carina Zittra, Julia Butter, Adelheid Obwaller, Karin Lebl, Thomas Zechmeister, Stefan Weiss, Georg G. Duscher, Herbert Auer, Anja Joachim, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Sara Savic, Dubravka Pudar, Dusan Petric, Gioia Capelli, Fabrizio Montarsi, Cornelia Silaghi, Laura Kramer, Elena Carretón, Laura Peña, Sara Caceres, Gema Silvan, Juan Carlos Illera, José Alberto Montoya-Alonso, Esra Yilmaz, Moritz Fritzenwanker, Nikola Pantchev, Mathias Lendner, Sirichit Wongkamchai, Domenico Otranto, Inge Kroidl, Martin Dennebaum, Sabrina Ramünke, Roland Schaper, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Sven Poppert, Jürgen Krücken, Cristian-Ionut C. N. Florea, Poliana Gh Tudor, Stefan P. Olaru, Anca M. Dobrica, Artur Dobrzyński, Maciej Klockiewicz, Magdalena Wysmołek, Michał Czopowicz, Marta Parzeniecka-Jaworska, Joanna Nowakowska, Ewa Długosz, Anastasia Diakou, Mathios Mylonakis, Zoe Polizopoulou, Christos Koutinas, Simone Manzocchi, Stefano Di Palma, Martina Peloso, Nenad Milojković, Momčilo Aranđelović, Ljubomir Ćurčin, Barbora Mitková, Marcela Novotná, Jana Juránková, Lada Hofmannová, Dwight D. Bowman, David Modrý, Michael Leschnik, Ana Margarida Alho, Helder C. E. Cortes, Ana Patrícia Lopes, Maria João Vila-Viçosa, Luís Cardoso, Silvana Belo, Luís Madeira de Carvalho, Hugo Vilhena, Ana Cristina Oliveira, Sara Granada, Radu Blaga, Virginie Daniel-Lesnard, Bruno Polack, Stéphanie Beurlet, Coralie Martin, Jacques Guillot, Lavinia Ciuca, Ruxandra V. Moroti, Mihaela Arbune, Loredana Hurjui, Roman Constantin, Dumitru Acatrinei, Liviu Miron, Laura Rinaldi, Fernando Simón, Agnieszka Szmidt, Aleksandar M. Džamić, Tanja Kalezić, Ivana Čolović Čalovski, Dejan Rašić, Milan Cvetković, Sanja Mitrović, Paula Josefina Gómez, Alicia Diosdado, Vladan Panic, Rastko Bekvalac, Ivan Fenjac, Aleksandar Potkonjak, Suzana Otasevic, Elias Papadopoulos, Athanasios Angelou, Eleftherios Gallidis, Kyriakos Spanoudis, Ramaswamy Chandrashekar, Ljubica Spasojevic Kosic, Vesna Lalosevic, Aleksandar Naglic, Stanislav Simin, Ljiljana Kuruca, Aleksandar Spasovic, Tomczuk Krzysztof, Szczepaniak Klaudiusz, Grzybek Maciek, Andrzej Junkuszew, Paulina Dudko, Pantchev Nikola, Stefaniak Marzena, Iwanicki Ryszard, Angela Monica Ionică, Natascha Leitner, Jan Votýpka, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Manuela Schnyder, Malin Lange, Felipe Penagos, Carlos Hermosilla, Anja Taubert, Giulio Grandi, Eva Osterman-Lind, Ulrika Forshell, Viktória Čabanová, Zuzana Hurníková, Martina Miterpáková, Gary Conboy, Nicole Murphy, Tamara Hofstede, Dieter Barutzki, Viktor Dyachenko, Laetitia Lempereur, Ludovic Martinelle, Calixte Bayrou, Françoise Marechal, Anne-Catherine Dalemans, Bertrand J. Losson, Hany M. Elsheikha, Sarah B. Holmes, Nina Gillis-Germitsch, Nicole Guselle, Despina Migli, Angela Di Cesare, Dimitra Psalla, Dionisios Youlatos, Donato Traversa, Călin M. Gherman, Georgiana Deak, Angela M. Ionică, Gianluca D’Amico, Andrei D. Mihalca, Tamara Muñoz-Caro, Gerd Magdowski, Uwe Gärtner, Helena Mejer, Klaudiusz Szczepaniak, Krzysztof Tomczuk, Maciej Grzybek, Ryszard Iwanicki, Benjamin Bedel, Vassiliki Gouni, Valérie Chetboul, Ghita Benchekroun, Stéphane Blot, Patrick Verwaerde, Alice P. Hansen, Lene M. Vinther, Line K. Skarbye, Caroline S. Olsen, Jakob L. Willesen, Luigi Venco, Eleonora Grillotti, Edoardo Auriemma, Fabrizio Pampurini, Cecilia Garofani, Fabrizio Ibba, Jesed Gutiérrez, Juan D. Velez, Diego Piedrahita, Jenny Chaparro, Fabio Macchioni, Marta Magi, Elisa Ulivieri, and Francesca Gori

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, biology.animal_breed, European wildcat, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Biology, Stage (cooking), Virology, Angiostrongylus chabaudi
Published
2017
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4. Factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in confined farrow-to-finish pig herds in western France: an exploratory study in 60 herds

Author

Radu Blaga, Benoit Durand, Vitomir Djokić, C. Fablet, Pascal Boireau, C. Perret, N. Rose, Olgica Djurković-Djaković, Djokic, Vitomir, Fablet, C., Blaga, Radu, Durand, B., Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Belgrade, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Université Paris-Est (UPE), and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, MESH: Swine Diseases, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, media_common.quotation_subject, 030231 tropical medicine, Toxoplasma gondii, Biology, Intensive pig farm, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Hygiene, Direct agglutination test, parasitic diseases, Odds Ratio, Animals, Weaning, Seroprevalence, Animal Husbandry, media_common, Swine Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Research, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Animal husbandry, MESH: Housing, Animal, biology.organism_classification, Housing, Animal, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Risk factors, Parasitology, Herd, France, Toxoplasma
Abstract

Background Infection by Toxoplasma gondii postnatally can occur after ingestion of contaminated meat or water (tissue cysts/oocysts). In Europe, percentage of meat borne infections is estimated between 30 and 63 %, out of which pork makes the most important source. The aim of this study was to (i) investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in intensive pig farms from western France; and (ii) identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity. Methods Data were collected between November 2006 and February 2008 in 60 intensive farrow-to-finish farms, where sera were taken from 3595 fattening pigs, weaned and suckling piglets. Information about three classes of potential seropositivity risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire concerning: (i) breeding characteristics; (ii) farm management; and (iii) husbandry and hygiene. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used for detection of specific anti T. gondii antibodies in pig sera, starting from 1/6 dilution. Results The overall proportion of seropositive animals was 6.9 %, but the proportion of herds with at least one positive pig was 100 %. Multivariate logistic mixed model showed an increased seropositivity risk in weaned compared to suckling piglets, and a decreasing risk for mid-sized and large farms. The presence of a Danish entry facility, that clearly separates clean and dirty areas, had a protective effect on T. gondii seropositivity as well. Conclusions The observed proportion of herds with at least one T. gondii seropositive animal provides further evidence that even in confined conditions of pig breeding, infection occurs, and is common. The highest risk for acquiring T. gondii is at the end of weaning period. Smaller confined pig farms demonstrate higher T. gondii seropositivity levels. This study also showed that Danish entry on farm buildings provides effective protection against T. gondii. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1753-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016
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