164 results
Search Results
2. Does the high‐speed rail network improve economic growth?
- Author
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Ma, Jun‐Teng and Liu, Tie‐Ying
- Subjects
HIGH speed trains ,ECONOMIC expansion ,URBAN transportation ,URBAN growth ,SMALL cities ,ECONOMIC structure ,URBAN density - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Economic impact modelling of smart specialization policy: Which industries should prioritization target?
- Author
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Varga, Attila, Szabó, Norbert, and Sebestyén, Tamás
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact ,ECONOMIC models ,ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Public investment and regional growth and convergence: Evidence from Greece* Public investment and regional growth and convergence: Evidence from Greece.
- Author
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Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, Psycharis, Yannis, and Tselios, Vassilis
- Subjects
PUBLIC investments ,REGIONAL economics ,TRANSPORTATION policy ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC convergence ,EXTERNALITIES ,FISCAL policy - Abstract
This paper estimates the impact of public investment on regional economic growth and convergence at the NUTS 3 level in Greece. Using a new database of public expenditure per region for the period 1978-2007, it proposes a model which captures not just the impact of public investment in Greek prefectures, but also the spillover effects related to the existence of externalities from neighbouring regions. The results point to a positive long-run impact of public investment per capita on regional economic growth - but not on convergence - which also generates considerable spillover effects. However, the returns vary according to different types of public investment, with education and infrastructure spillovers having the highest impact. In general, public investment externalities seem to be more relevant for regional growth than direct public investment in each region. Finally, the impact of different types of public investment in Greece is mediated by politics and political factors, but the effect of politics disappears once we control for political-period-specific spatial-invariant variables. Resumen Este artículo estima el impacto de la inversión pública en el crecimiento económico regional y la convergencia a nivel NUTS 3 en Grecia. Haciendo uso de una nueva base de datos de gasto público por región para el periodo 1978-2007, se propone un modelo que identifica no solamente el impacto de la inversión pública en las prefecturas griegas, sino también los efectos de spillover relacionados con la existencia de externalidades procedentes de regiones vecinas. Los resultados apuntan a un impacto positivo a largo plazo de la inversión pública per cápita en el crecimiento económico regional - pero no en la convergencia - el cual genera unos efectos de spillover considerables. Sin embargo, los retornos varían de acuerdo con los diferentes tipos de inversión pública, siendo la educación y los spillovers de infraestructura los de mayor impacto. En general, las externalidades de inversión pública parecen tener una mayor relevancia para el crecimiento regional que la inversión pública directa en cada región. Para terminar, el impacto de los diferentes tipos de inversión pública en Grecia se ve influido por sus políticas y otros factores políticos, pero el efecto de las políticas desaparece una vez que se controlan las variables espacialmente-invariantes de tipo político ligadas a un periodo específico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Infrastructure and regional growth in the European Union* Infrastructure and regional growth in the European Union.
- Author
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Crescenzi, Riccardo and Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés
- Subjects
TRANSPORTATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,RURAL development ,EXPRESS highways ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Transport infrastructure has represented one of the cornerstones of development and cohesion strategies in the European Union (EU) and elsewhere in the world. However, despite the considerable funds devoted to it, its impact remains controversial. This paper revisits the question of to what extent transport infrastructure endowment - proxied by regional motorways - has contributed to regional growth in the EU between 1990 and 2004. It analyses infrastructure in relationship to other factors which may condition economic growth, such as innovation, migration, and the local 'social filter', taking also into account the geographical component of intervention in transport infrastructure and innovation. The results of the two-way fixed-effect (static) and difference GMM (dynamic) panel data regressions indicate that infrastructure endowment is a relatively poor predictor of economic growth and that regional growth in the EU results from a combination of an adequate 'social filter', good innovation capacity, both in the region and in neighbouring areas, and a region's capacity to attract migrants. The meagre returns of infrastructure endowment on economic growth raise interesting questions about the opportunity costs of further infrastructure investments across most of Western Europe. Resumen La infraestructura de transporte ha venido siendo una de las piedras angulares de las estrategias de desarrollo y cohesión en la Unión Europea ( UE) y el resto del mundo. Sin embargo, y a pesar de los considerables recursos que se le ha dedicado, su impacto es un tema controvertido. Este artículo revisa el interrogante de hasta que punto ha contribuido la dotación de infraestructura de transporte - representada por las autopistas regionales - al crecimiento regional en la UE entre 1990 y 2004. Se analiza la infraestructura en relación a otros factores que podrían condicionar el crecimiento económico, como la innovación, la migración, y el 'filtro social' local, teniendo en cuenta asimismo el componente geográfico de la intervención en la infraestructura de transporte y la innovación. Los resultados de las regresiones de datos de panel de efectos fijos (método estático) de doble vía y MGM por diferencias (método dinámico) indican que la dotación de infraestructura es un pobre indicador del crecimiento económico y que el crecimiento regional en la UE tiene su origen en una combinación de un 'filtro social' adecuado, en una buena capacidad innovadora tanto en la región como en áreas vecinas, y en la capacidad de la región de atraer migración. Los escasos retornos para el crecimiento económico de la dotación de infraestructura suscitan cuestiones interesantes sobre los costos de oportunidad de futuras inversiones en infraestructura para la mayoría de Europa Occidental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Adjustment mechanisms of Greek regions in export activity during the economic crisis of 2008–2012.
- Author
-
Tsiapa, Maria
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,EXPORTS ,PRODUCT quality ,ECONOMIC specialization ,FINANCIAL crises - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Estimating the long-term economic impacts of Spanish universities on the national economy.
- Author
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Pastor, José M., Peraita, Carlos, and Pérez, Francisco
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,SUPPLY & demand ,ECONOMIC competition ,SUPPLY functions (Economic theory) ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The effect of migration on income growth and convergence: Meta-analytic evidence.
- Author
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Ozgen, Ceren, Nijkamp, Peter, and Poot, Jacques
- Subjects
INTERNAL migration ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC convergence ,REGIONAL economic disparities ,META-analysis - Abstract
We compare a set of econometric studies that measure the effect of net internal migration in neoclassical models of long-run real income convergence and derive 67 comparable effect sizes. The precision-weighted estimate of beta convergence is about 2.7 per cent. An increase of one percentage point in the net migration rate of a region increases the per capita income growth rate in that region on average by about 0.1 percentage points. Introducing a net migration variable in a growth regression increases the estimate of beta convergence slightly. Studies that use panel models or IV estimation methods yield smaller coefficients of net migration in growth regressions, while the opposite holds for regressions controlling for high-skilled migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Does government fragmentation enhance or hinder metropolitan economic growth?
- Author
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Grassmueck, Georg and Shields, Martin
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *GOVERNMENT competition , *LOCAL government , *METROPOLITAN areas , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Economic growth is an important priority for many local governments. There is a long-standing theoretical debate on how to best organize government for economic growth. There is surprisingly little empirical research focusing on how government organization affects regional growth. In this paper we forward several recent measures of government fragmentation in contrast to the common measure of government units per capita to examine how government competition influences growth, testing them in a metropolitan statistics area (MSA) growth model for 1992−2002. Going somewhat against the current embrace of regional collaboration, our results suggest that regions with relatively fragmented governments had stronger relative economic performance over the study's time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Bivariate VAR models to test Granger causality between tourist demand and supply: Implications for regional sustainable growth.
- Author
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Biagi, Bianca and Pulina, Manuela
- Subjects
TOURISTS ,SUPPLY & demand ,MATHEMATICAL models ,AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics) - Abstract
The relationship between tourist demand and supply is investigated employing four time series models. To test for Granger causality a bivariate vector autoregression framework is used. Empirical results from each model are derived for the island of Sardinia (Italy) over the time span 1955 to 2004. The first model suggests supply is demand-driven; the second model implies a bi-directional Granger-causal relationship between demand and capacity. The third and fourth models indicate demand is quality-driven. This empirical finding implies that an environmental conservation policy may be feasible without compromising the number of tourists visiting Sardinia and hence its economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Growth and residential distribution with economic structure and amenity: A synthesis of Solow-Uzawa's growth, Alonso's urban, and Muth's housing models.
- Author
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Wei-Bin Zhang
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) ,ECONOMIC models ,HOUSING ,HOUSEHOLDS ,BEHAVIOR ,ECONOMIC geography - Abstract
This study develops an economic growth model with residential distribution. The model synthesises the main ideas in the Solow-Uzawa growth model, the Alonso urban model, and the Muth housing model with perfect competition in all the markets, by proposing an alternative approach to household behaviour. We show that economic growth with the economic geography is governed by a single differential equation and analyse dynamic behaviour of the model. For explanation, we simulate the model over time and space. Resumen. Este estudio desarrolla un modelo de crecimiento económico con distribución residencial. El modelo sintetiza las ideas principales del modelo de crecimiento de Solow-Uzawa, el modelo urbano de Alonso, y el modelo de vivienda de Muth con una competencia perfecta en todos los mercados, por medio de proponer un enfoque alternativo al comportamiento de hogares. Mostramos que el crecimiento económico con la geografía económica está gobernado por una única ecuación diferencial y analizamos el comportamiento dinámico del modelo. A modo de explicación, realizamos una simulación del modelo en el tiempo y en el espacio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The influence of Science and Technology Park characteristics on firms' innovation results
- Author
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Salvador Pérez-Canto, Alberto Albahari, Andrés Barge-Gil, and Aurelia Modrego
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Urban agglomeration ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Thriving ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Business ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,050203 business & management ,Industrial organization - Abstract
The effectiveness of Science and Technology Parks (STPs) as instruments of innovation policy has generated thriving debate among academics, practitioners and policy makers. A gap in the existing literature on STPs is that research mostly does not consider STPs' heterogeneity. The present paper aims at filling this gap, analysing the influence of different STP characteristics on their tenants' performance. Using data on 849 firms and 25 STPs from the 2009 Community Innovation Survey for Spain and a survey of STP managers respectively and after controlling for a wide set of firms characteristics, we find that: (i) firms located in very new or longer established STPs show better innovative performance; (ii) the size of the STP and its management company positively affects the innovative performance of tenants while services provision has no effect on firms' achieving better results; and (iii) firms in less technologically developed regions benefit more from location in an STP. Theoretical, policy and managerial contributions of our research are discussed in the paper.
- Published
- 2016
13. One country, two systems: How regional institutions shape governance modes in the greater Pearl River Delta, China
- Author
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Javier Revilla Diez and Susanne Meyer
- Subjects
Flexibility (engineering) ,Economic growth ,Geography ,Operationalization ,Corporate governance ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Value (economics) ,One country, two systems ,Production (economics) ,Economic geography ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,China ,Maturity (finance) - Abstract
This paper, which is positioned in the interface of economic geography and institu- tional economics, studies the spatial aspect of institutions and its relevance for regional eco- nomic development in the Greater Pearl River Delta (GPRD). The GPRD consists of Hong Kong (HK) on the one hand, providing an advanced institutional system, and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China on the other hand, with its evolving institutional setting. Despite or even because of the 'one country, two systems' situation, firms in the GPRD have become established suppliers in the electronics value chain. The paper takes up the challenge of operationalizing and empirically studying the relations of HK firms and PRD producers adapted to regionally specific institutional pattern and demand for flexibility in production using a quantitative approach based in a survey of HK electronic firms and a logit model explaining the relations between HK firms and PRD producers. The analysis reveals that in the course of time, HK firms have used different entry modes as a response to the maturity the institutional setting.
- Published
- 2014
14. Does skilled migration foster innovative performance? Evidence from British local areas
- Author
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Luisa Gagliardi
- Subjects
Labour economics ,Geographic mobility ,Economic growth ,Download ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Immigration ,Public policy ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Human capital ,Globalization ,Rlab ,Unemployment ,Economics ,computer ,computer.programming_language ,media_common - Abstract
What is the effect of an increase in the stock of human capital due to skilled immigration on the innovative performance of recipient economies? Combining firm-level micro-data with area-level labour force information, this paper investigates the impact of skilled international migration inflows on firms' product and process innovation in British local labour market areas. The paper supports the evidence in favour of a causal link between immigration and innovation. Results also show that the nature of the innovative process and the typology of innovative activities performed by local firms play a key role in the relation between immigration and innovation.
- Published
- 2014
15. Specialization and employment development in Germany: An analysis at the regional level*
- Author
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Julia Kowalewski
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Specialization (functional) ,Economics ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Shift-share analysis - Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of industry specific regional specialization on employment growth in German planning regions between 1998 and 2007. The paper investigates Germany as a whole as well as Western and Eastern Germany separately. By using a shift-share regression approach the paper provides new findings about the existence of industry-specific localization advantages. The results show that inverse localization advantages play a major role in explaining regional disparities in Germany. This involves a process of deconcentration of economic activity. In addition, differences between Eastern and Western Germany can also be identified. Resumen Este articulo analiza el impacto de la especializacion regional especifica por industrias sobre el crecimiento del empleo en las regiones de planificacion alemanas entre 1998 y 2007. El articulo estudia Alemania en su totalidad, asi como Alemania Occidental y Oriental por separado. Mediante la utilizacion de un enfoque de regresion shift-share, el articulo aporta nuevos resultados acerca de la existencia de ventajas de localizacion especificas por industria Los resultados muestran que las ventajas de localizacion inversa tienen un papel clave a la hora de explicar las disparidades regionales en Alemania. Esto implica un proceso de desconcentracion de la actividad economica. Ademas, tambien se pueden identificar diferencias entra Alemania Occidental y Alemania Oriental.
- Published
- 2011
16. Considering regional socio-economic outcomes in non-metropolitan Australia: A typology building approach
- Author
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Michele Haynes, Yolanda van Gellecum, Jung Hoon Han, and Scott Baum
- Subjects
Typology ,Environmental studies ,Economic growth ,Non metropolitan ,Geography ,Poverty ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Range (statistics) ,Regional science ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Census ,Cluster analysis - Abstract
Australia's large regional cities and towns display wide variation in how they are adjusting to the socio-economic transitions that have occurred over the past decade. One area of research interest has been in developing typologies of non-metropolitan performance. The current paper represents an analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census data aimed at analysing non-metropolitan regions based on their performance across a range of selected socio-economic variables. Using model-based clustering methods, this paper places non-metropolitan regions into clusters depending on the degree to which they share similar socio-economic and demographic outcomes. These clusters form the basis of a typology representing the range of socio-economic and demographic outcomes at the regional level. Differences between the clusters are analysed using graphs of 95% confidence intervals on the individual means for each cluster. The typology provides a useful framework with which to develop a broad understanding of socio-economic processes and performance across different spatial scales.
- Published
- 2007
17. World City Innovation and Service Networks and Economic Growth.
- Author
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Belderbos, René, Benoit, Florence, and Derudder, Ben
- Subjects
- *
GLOBALIZATION , *INDUSTRIAL clusters , *MUNICIPAL services , *ECONOMIC expansion , *URBAN growth , *PANEL analysis - Abstract
In addition to their often‐cited role as global service hubs, world cities are also global innovation hubs with their connectivity in knowledge networks crucial for the innovation clusters they harbour. While both aspects of world cities' global connectivity may allow their urban economies to grow, we argue that specialization in one of these two networks may increase economic performance. We provide systematic evidence of this substitution effect by examining the changing positions of 129 world cities in inter‐city innovation and service firm networks (2000–2012). Fixed effects panel analysis of city GDP growth confirm that the two networks are partial substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND LONG-RUN URBAN FORM
- Author
-
Richard E. Schuler
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Scrutiny ,Cost–benefit analysis ,Natural resource economics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Major stationary source ,Distribution (economics) ,Subsidy ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Unemployment ,Economics ,business ,Air quality index ,Externality ,media_common - Abstract
Fortunately for the environment, economists long ago understood the imperfections of markets in dealing with technical externalities like air pollution, 1 and they specified appropriate tax and subsidy procedures to correct these market failings. Thus endowed with a theoretical framework, it remained only for popular concern to catch up, to measure the costs and benefits associated with clean-up, and to assess the appropriate sticks and carrots. A funny thing happened on the way to the cleanup. Questions of distribution arose--both with respect to unemployment in polluting industries and the beneficiaries of the improved environment. Systems of effluent charges were attacked in the punic relations arena as "licenses to pollute" and in intellectual circles because of comparative administrative costs? Finally, the cost-benefit analysis on which appropriate policy should be based received greater scrutiny as the complex interrelationships between various environmental components and human activity began to be understood. Time horizons were expanded; secondand third-order consequences were explored. This paper continues in the latter vein with some hints at distributional implications. It focuses on urban areas because the concentration of both airborne pollutants and numbers of those affected are greatest there. Unfortunately, the potential for complex interactions is also large in urban regions. This paper will focus on one such complex--the relationships between industrial, stationary source emissions, emissions generated by urban transportation, and air pollution arising from residential heating sources.
- Published
- 2005
19. UNEQUAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATIONS: ANALYTICAL SPECULATIONS ABOUT THE NEXT HUNDRED YEARS
- Author
-
Emilio Casetti
- Subjects
Economic growth ,education.field_of_study ,Geography, Planning and Development ,World War II ,Population ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Nuclear weapon ,Modernization theory ,Politics ,Political science ,Development economics ,Population growth ,Superpower ,China ,education - Abstract
In the period following World War II, the less-developed countries have experienced significant progress toward modernization, development, and explosive rates of population growth. In the medium to long run these trends are bound to have a major impact over the worldwide distribution of political and military power (Fucks [12], Organski [25, p. 484 ff.], Rostow [32, p. 409 ft.]). In particular, as the large, densely populated, less-developed countries modernize they will acquire a political and military power incomparably larger than they possess at present. The technology for the production and delivery of atomic weapons is a segment of the stock of scientific and technological knowledge that societies learn to assimilate and use in the process of development. The proliferation of the ability to produce atomic weapons is just one of the many processes of diffusion of technology. As such, it can perhaps be slowed down but not arrested, and it would not be reasonable to expect that the large contemporary less-developed countries will not acquire full atomic capability as their political and military power increases. The twin impact of economic development and population growth will produce tremendous population pressures on the resources of the large, densely populated, less-developed countries. At the same time huge regions, both in the developed and in the less-developed parts of the world, are and will remain by comparison almost empty. Which brings us to the focal point of this paper. Can we really expect that in the not-too-distant future overcrowded countries with superpower status and atomic arsenals would find it acceptable to be denied access to the resources and territories of thinly populated areas? Consider the contrast between the population densities in Africa, the Americas, the Soviet Union, and Australia, and those of India and China. When India and China will have political and military power as well as population densities far larger than at present and full atomic capabilities, will they be content to accept the real and perceived hardships associated with inordinately high population pressure on resources while looking across their boundaries at huge territories, almost empty by comparison? This paper will explore the possible role of three developments with a potential for alleviating the tensions and conflicts that can arise from economic development and population growth in large densely populated countries of the contemporary world. These developments are (a) accelerated modernization, (b) effective population control policies, and (c) migrations.
- Published
- 2005
20. SECULAR SEASONS: LONG-RUN TRENDS IN SPATIAL-TEMPORAL SOCIOECONOMIC BEHAVIOR
- Author
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Orley M. Amos
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Inequality ,Mechanism (biology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Arousal ,Economic progress ,Economics ,Kondratiev wave ,Economic analysis ,Economic geography ,Socioeconomic status ,media_common - Abstract
This paper proposes an explanation of unbalanced regional growth and regional inequalities based on the view that human behaviour is motivated either to reduce the physiological state of arousal or to increase it. While arousal reduction is the basis of conventional economic analysis arousal augmentation is seldom considered. This paper argues that arousal augmentation motivates society to seek technological and socioeconomic innovations that trigger economic progress. The mechanism for this progress is seen as a synthesis of spatial growth poles and temporal long waves.
- Published
- 2005
21. Multi-dimensional analysis of regional inequality: The case of higher educational facilities in Spain
- Author
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Lucia Quadrado, Henk Folmer, Sudha Loman, and Department of Economics
- Subjects
Theil's second measure for multi-dimensional inequality ,Economic growth ,Inequality ,Regional effects ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Devolution ,Regional disparities ,Urban Economics ,Power (social and political) ,MGS ,Political science ,Educational policies ,Multi dimensional analysis ,Devolution of power ,media_common ,Educational systems - Abstract
Several major changes in educational policies have occurred in Spain over the last four decades. One of these is the re-organization of the educational system beginning in 1970. A policy to encourage the regional spread of universities was pursued over the seventies and eighties. There has also been devolution of power to some regions with respect to the management of the educational system. These policy changes are hypothesized to have resulted in an impact on inter-regional and intra-re gional inequality with respect to educational facilities. We investigate the change in inequality that occurred between the 60s and the70s, and also between the 80s and early 90s.
- Published
- 2005
22. Cultural cities, urban economic growth, and regional development: The role of creativity and cosmopolitan identity.
- Author
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Cerisola, Silvia and Panzera, Elisa
- Subjects
- *
URBAN growth , *URBAN community development , *ECONOMIC expansion , *CREATIVE ability , *CULTURAL property - Abstract
Cultural heritage has been recognized as fundamental for local development. In particular, some recent works have highlighted the role of sophisticated transmission channels of this relationship, that is local creativity and cosmopolitan identity. Following a territorial perspective, the present work aims at combining the two approaches, in the belief that there could be a synergic interplay between creativity and cosmopolitan identity, reinforcing their individual effects. Accordingly, an original conceptual and operational taxonomy characterizing cultural cities is put forward. The contribution of the different identified patterns to urban and regional growth is assessed, as well as their capacity to valorize cultural participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Ethnic minority concentration: A source of productivity growth for Italian provinces?
- Author
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Alessandra Michelangeli, Nicola Pontarollo, and Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti
- Subjects
Economic growth ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Immigration ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Ethnic group ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Municipal level ,Geography ,0502 economics and business ,Demographic economics ,050207 economics ,Productivity ,media_common - Abstract
This paper aims at assessing the contribution of ethnic minorities to the (total and sectoral) productivity of Italian provinces. We consider the first ten nationalities by numbers of legal immigrants at the provincial level (NUTS 3) 2003–2011. We estimate a spatial panel model to capture both direct and indirect effects of foreign communities on local productivity at the province level, accounting for spatial spillovers. Our findings show that two communities out of the ten considered have a direct positive impact on aggregate labour productivity. Other foreign groups have significant indirect effects: these groups do not affect productivity of provinces where they live, but mainly of the neighbouring provinces, likely because of commuting.
- Published
- 2017
24. Can a knowledge-based cluster be created? The case of the Barcelona 22@ district*
- Author
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Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal and Josep-Maria Arauzo-Carod
- Subjects
Development plan ,Economic growth ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Regional science ,Public policy ,Urban district ,Plan (drawing) ,Business ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Disease cluster ,Metropolitan area ,Zip code ,Test (assessment) - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to track the location decisions of knowledge-intense firms in a redeveloped urban district in the city of Barcelona in which government policy has promoted the formation of a cluster of knowledge-based activities. After decades of economic and industrial stagnation in a district called Poblenou, in the year 2000 the City Council of Barcelona implemented a plan to renew the area�s urban and economic structure. Under the development plan, knowledge-based firms were encouraged to set up in the area creating a cluster of advanced activities. This paper examines the success of this local policy and aims to determine whether cluster amenities have played a part in attracting knowledge-based activities. First, we evaluate the cluster implementation via a differences-in-differences analysis comparing the increase in the number of knowledge-based firms in this specific area with the increase of this kind of firm elsewhere in the city and the metropolitan area. Second, to test whether cluster amenities are determinant factors for the location of knowledge-based firms, we perform a multivariate regression analysis explaining intra-city firm location at the ZIP code level. Data about new firms come from a business-census that contains detailed information about location determinants of these firms as well as their characteristics.
- Published
- 2011
25. The determinants of foreclosures: Evidence from the Spanish case
- Author
-
Josep Maria Raya
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Market liquidity ,Loan ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Demographic economics ,Foreclosure ,050207 economics ,media_common - Abstract
This paper aims to identify the determinants of foreclosures in Spain, a country that not only has the highest foreclosure rate in Europe, but in which foreclosures have also become a major social and political issue. Using a unique dataset, we obtained the determinants of both the foreclosure-to-population ratio and the probability that a home would end in foreclosure. Evidence that deteriorating loan quality and short-term liquidity constraints are the main drivers of foreclosures was obtained. Through urban inequality, foreclosures have exacerbated segregation and divergence among neighbourhoods.
- Published
- 2017
26. Economic drivers and specialization patterns in the spatial distribution of Framework Programme's participation
- Author
-
Nicola Francesco Dotti and André Spithoven
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Welfare economics ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Specialization (functional) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Business ,050207 economics ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) - Abstract
While R&D activities are known for being unevenly distributed across space, how EU policy contributed to their regional dynamics is less explored. Since the 1980s, the EU Framework Programmes (FP) have promoted and supported transnational R&D projects through open and highly competitive calls for funding driven by ‘scientific excellence’ regardless of location. This paper aims to show the drivers of this spatial distribution and evolution of FP participations, arguing that this depends on cumulative effects of regional economic development and growth, while scientific specialization rarely is the best strategy to improve regional competitiveness in terms of FP participations. Si bien las actividades de investigacion y desarrollo son conocidas por no estar distribuidas de manera uniforme en el espacio, la forma en que las politicas de la UE ha contribuido a su dinamica regional apenas se ha explorado. Desde la decada de 1980, los Programas Marco (PM) de la UE han promovido y apoyado proyectos transnacionales de investigacion y desarrollo mediante convocatorias de financiamiento abiertas y altamente competitivas, impulsadas por la ‘excelencia cientifica’ en lugar de la ubicacion. Este documento tiene por objeto mostrar los impulsores de esta distribucion y evolucion espacial de la participacion en los PM, bajo el argumento de que depende de los efectos acumulativos del desarrollo y crecimiento economico regional, mientras que la especializacion cientifica rara vez es la mejor estrategia para mejorar la competitividad regional en terminos de participacion en los PM. 研究開発活動は空間的に不均衡に分散していることが分かっているが、EUの政策がどのように地域のダイナミクスに貢献しているのかは、あまり研究されていない。1980年代以来、EUフレームワークプログラム(FP)は、立地に関係なく、「科学的な卓越性(scientific excellence)」に後押しされた、投資の要請を開放的に、かつ高い競争力で行うことによって、多国間における研究開発プロジェクトを促進し支援してきた。本稿は、このFPへの参加の空間的分布と進展の促進因子を解明することを目的とし、FPは地域の経済発展と経済成長の累積効果に依存するが、その一方で、FPへの参加に関しては、科学分野に特化することが地域の競争力を強化する最適な方策となることはほとんどないことを論じる。
- Published
- 2017
27. Urban spatial structure in OECD cities: Is urban population decentralising or clustering?
- Author
-
Paolo Veneri
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Economic growth ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Closeness ,Population ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Urban density ,Urban spatial structure ,Urban sprawl ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Geography ,Urban climate ,0502 economics and business ,Polycentricity ,Economic geography ,050207 economics ,education ,Cluster analysis - Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of urban spatial structure and its trends in the OECD between 2001 and 2011. It does so by using a standardised definition of urban areas in 29 OECD countries as composed of high density cores and their respective commuting zones. While urban population is growing everywhere, the way in which populations locate throughout the urban space differs across OECD cities and countries. The prevalent trend is an increasing dispersion of the population, with growth taking place outside existing centres. However, in specific countries, there are cities experiencing a higher growth in their central cores, while others are strengthening their polycentric structures. Overall, the population has grown more in relatively low-density locations close to the main centre, but outside it. Closeness to sub-centres also proves to be a strong advantage for growth and suggests the emergence of new centralities shaping urban spatial structures.
- Published
- 2017
28. The transfer of development rights as a tool for the urban growth containment: A comparison between the United States and Italy
- Author
-
Anna Maria Colavitti and Sergio Serra
- Subjects
Land consumption ,Economic growth ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Environmental preservation ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Geography ,Containment ,Urban planning ,Free market ,050703 geography - Abstract
In recent years many countries all over the world adopted a variety of preservation tools and market-oriented solutions to contain land consumption. Among these countries Italy slowly began to incorporate the principles of the free market into the urban planning programmes. The United States Transfer of development rights programmes (TDR) represent a reference point for a market-based approach in the field of environmental preservation policies. In this paper we compared the criteria successfully adopted by the US TDR programmes to the specifications adopted by the municipal plans of three important Italian cities (Milan, Rome and Florence) and we discussed their efficacy to control the urban growth.
- Published
- 2017
29. How does distance to urban centres influence necessity and opportunity-based firm start-ups?
- Author
-
Niclas Lavesson
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Urban agglomeration ,Economies of agglomeration ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Closeness ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Start up ,Competition (economics) ,0502 economics and business ,Economic geography ,Business ,050203 business & management ,Self-employment - Abstract
This paper seeks to understand how distance to urban centres influences necessity and opportunity-based firm start-ups. The results show that closeness to urban centres is not necessarily beneficial for firm start-ups. On the contrary, regions further away from urban centres of any size experience more firm start-ups. One explanation of this result is that regions experience spatial protection from urban competition. However, regions located further away from larger-sized urban centres experience less firm start-ups due to such remoteness. One explanation of this finding is that remote regions cannot access the agglomeration benefits that larger cities offer. This supports the view that rural regions draw on urban resources but only on those from larger agglomerations.
- Published
- 2017
30. Growth and inequality in the Mexican states: Regimes, thresholds, and traps.
- Author
-
Brida, Juan Gabriel, Risso, W. Adrian, Sánchez Carrera, Edgar J., and Segarra, Verónica
- Subjects
- *
KUZNETS curve , *INCOME inequality , *EQUALITY , *HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *ECONOMETRIC models - Abstract
Using the inter‐regional economic inequality index and the gross state product per capita for the Mexican states over the period 1940–2015, we apply regime dynamics and hierarchical cluster analysis for segmenting the sample into regimes of Mexican states with similar performance. Robust econometric models are studied showing the direction of causality between economic inequality and income per capita, and the existence of a U‐shaped curve for the interdependence between economic growth vs economic inequality, and threshold levels. We additionally demonstrate the existence of inequality traps. The education literacy rate as a control variable indicates an inverted U‐shaped curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Internal migration in a developing country: A panel data analysis of Ecuador (1982-2010)
- Author
-
Vicente Royuela and Jessica Ordóñez
- Subjects
Economic growth ,education.field_of_study ,Resistance (ecology) ,Human migration ,business.industry ,Internal migration ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Developing country ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Geography ,Urban planning ,Gravity model of trade ,0502 economics and business ,Economic geography ,050207 economics ,business ,education ,050205 econometrics ,Panel data - Abstract
In this paper, we examine determinants of internal migration flows between the 21 provinces of Ecuador from 1982 to 2010. Using specifications based on the gravity model, we identified push and pull factors. We considered multilateral resistance to migration by using various monadic and dyadic fixed effects structures. The study confirmed the concentration of the population in the two provinces that contain the country's main cities. However, in recent years, this trend has weakened, to the extent that the provinces with the greatest influx of migrants are not necessarily the most populated. This indicates that growth has become more balanced throughout the territory, and that small and medium-sized cities are increasingly important.
- Published
- 2016
32. Do higher college graduation rates increase local education levels?
- Author
-
John V. Winters
- Subjects
Economic growth ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Higher education policy ,Instrumental variable ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Microdata (statistics) ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Decennial census ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Human capital ,American Community Survey ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,Point estimation ,050207 economics ,Stock (geology) ,Demography - Abstract
College graduates are important for regional economies but also quite geographically mobile. This paper examines the relationship between college graduation rates among persons from a state (relative production) and the later share of college graduates for persons residing in the state (relative stock) using decennial census and American Community Survey microdata. The descriptive relationship has increased over time and is nearly proportional in recent years. Instrumental variables (IV) methods are used to estimate causal effects. The preferred IV results yield an average point estimate for the production-stock relationship of 0.52, but the effect likely decreases with age.
- Published
- 2016
33. Location choice in early adulthood: Millennials versus Baby Boomers
- Author
-
Adam A Millsap
- Subjects
Economic growth ,education.field_of_study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Central city ,Population ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Bachelor ,Human capital ,Geography ,Baby boomers ,0502 economics and business ,Early adulthood ,Demographic economics ,050207 economics ,education ,media_common - Abstract
This paper contributes to the literature on the effect of individual-level characteristics on urban location choice by examining whether young people aged 25–34 with a bachelor's degree or higher are more likely to live in central cities in 2011 than in 1990. When I control for individual-level characteristics I find that the effect of education on the probability of living in a central city remains similar across generations. This is evidence that to the extent education plays a role in the larger population of high human capital 25–34 year olds in cities in 2011 it is due to a composition effect rather than cities becoming more attractive to educated people at the margin.
- Published
- 2016
34. Are urbanized areas source of life satisfaction? Evidence from EU regions
- Author
-
Camilla Lenzi and Giovanni Perucca
- Subjects
Economic growth ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Urban hierarchy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Life satisfaction ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Individual level ,Eastern european ,Geography ,Urbanization ,0502 economics and business ,050207 economics ,Rural area ,Socioeconomics - Abstract
This paper studies the relationship between urbanization and life satisfaction in European NUTS 2 regions in the period 2004–2011 based on individual level data. Results suggest that life satisfaction is greater in regions characterized by intermediate levels of urbanization. Urbanization benefits also filter down along the regional urban hierarchy and are especially positive for those individuals living in rural areas of urbanized regions. Eastern European countries depart from this average trend, and, generally, experience negative direct and indirect urbanization effects, especially in the most urbanized regions.
- Published
- 2016
35. US regional population growth 2000-2010: Natural amenities or urban agglomeration?
- Author
-
Hongbo Wang and Dan S. Rickman
- Subjects
Attractiveness ,Economic growth ,Urban agglomeration ,Amenity ,Economies of agglomeration ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Census ,Service (economics) ,Economics ,Population growth ,Economic geography ,Productivity ,media_common - Abstract
Using a spatial hedonic growth model, this paper empirically examines the relative roles of natural amenities and urban agglomeration economies as determinants of U.S. regional growth patterns from 2000 to 2010. Natural amenities and urban agglomeration are measured using the USDA Economic Research Service county classification codes. The general finding is that natural amenities and urban agglomeration both influenced regional growth. However, the natural amenity ranking is estimated to be positively related to increased productivity over the period rather than increased attractiveness to households. Urban agglomeration is positively related to increased amenity attractiveness to households. Within Census regional analysis revealed a stronger role for household natural amenity demand in nonmetropolitan areas.
- Published
- 2015
36. Land tenure insecurity and rural-urban migration in rural China
- Author
-
Nico Heerink, Xianlei Ma, Ekko C. van Ierland, and Xiaoping Shi
- Subjects
Renting ,Economic growth ,Land use ,Property rights ,business.industry ,Urbanization ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Land market ,Business ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,China ,Land tenure ,Agricultural economics - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of land tenure security perceptions on rural-urban migration decisions of rural households, using data collected in Minle County in Northwest China. We find that tenure security perceptions play a significant role in household migration decisions in villages without well-functioning land rental markets but not in villages where the land rental markets are more developed. In villages with underdeveloped land rental markets, households that expect that no land reallocations will occur within their village in the near future are less involved in migration, while households that attach a greater importance to land certificates in protecting land use rights are more involved in migration.
- Published
- 2014
37. Economic growth through entrepreneurship: Determinants of self‐employed income across regional economies.
- Author
-
Willis, David B., Hughes, David W., Boys, Kathryn A., and Swindall, Devin C.
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN Community Survey , *INCOME inequality , *ECONOMIC development , *QUANTILE regression , *INCOME - Abstract
Knowledge of the determinants of self‐employment income is critical to entrepreneurial development strategies if the development goal is to increase incomes not just employment. Using American Community Survey data, unconditional quantile regression is used to investigate differences in the relationship between entrepreneurial income and an array of individual, industry, and regional characteristics across the self‐employment income distribution. Personal attributes, such as education, race, age, and gender, both explain differences in self‐employment income and vary in importance across the income distribution. Regional agglomerative effects are significantly positive and stronger at the upper end of the self‐employed income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Modelling public and private provision: The case of the railway services
- Author
-
Eric Pels and Francesca Medda
- Subjects
Economic growth ,business.industry ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Public sector ,Economics ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Private sector ,business - Abstract
Railway provision is often characterized by the intervention of either the public or private sector as network and/or infrastructure operator. In this paper we aim to develop a model of passenger railway provision where we assume that the public operator suffers a relative inefficiency. In relation to the public, private and the participation of both in the railway provision, we identify in the model different efficiency-based decision rules. The decision rules establish in which configuration welfare is maximized and bring to light the relative inefficiency of the public sector. The results give insight into how a reliable threat of private intervention can be used to maximize social welfare. Resumen La provision de lineas de ferrocarril se caracteriza a menudo por la intervencion del sector publico o el privado como operadores de la red y/o la infraestructura. El objetivo de este articulo es desarrollar un modelo de provision de ferrocarril para pasajeros en el que asumimos que el operador publico sufre una ineficiencia relativa. En funcion de la participacion publica, privada, o ambas en la provision de ferrocarril, identificamos en el modelo pautas diferentes para la decision, basadas en la eficiencia. Las pautas para la decision establecen la configuracion en la que se maximiza el bienestar social y ponen de manifiesto la ineficiencia relativa del sector publico. Los resultados dejan entrever como una amenaza real de intervencion privada puede utilizarse para maximizar el bienestar social.
- Published
- 2012
39. Public investment and regional growth and convergence
- Subjects
convergence ,ECONOMIC-GROWTH ,Greece ,PRODUCTIVITY ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT ,spillover effects ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,economic growth ,MANUFACTURING-INDUSTRIES ,SPANISH REGIONS ,EUROPEAN-UNION ,FISCAL-POLICY ,PORK-BARREL ,Public investment - Abstract
This paper estimates the impact of public investment on regional economic growth and convergence at the NUTS 3 level in Greece. Using a new database of public expenditure per region for the period 19782007, it proposes a model which captures not just the impact of public investment in Greek prefectures, but also the spillover effects related to the existence of externalities from neighbouring regions. The results point to a positive long-run impact of public investment per capita on regional economic growth but not on convergence which also generates considerable spillover effects. However, the returns vary according to different types of public investment, with education and infrastructure spillovers having the highest impact. In general, public investment externalities seem to be more relevant for regional growth than direct public investment in each region. Finally, the impact of different types of public investment in Greece is mediated by politics and political factors, but the effect of politics disappears once we control for political-period-specific spatial-invariant variables.
- Published
- 2012
40. What drives patent performance of German biotech firms? The impact of R&D subsidies, knowledge networks and their location
- Author
-
Dirk Fornahl, Ron Boschma, and Tom Broekel
- Subjects
German ,Economic growth ,Political science ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,language ,Subsidy ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,language.human_language - Abstract
This paper aims at explaining whether R&D subsidies, the engagement in collaboration networks and the location influence the patent activities of biotech firms in Germany! We demonstrate that R&D subsidies focusing on single firms do not increase patent intensity, while subsidies which are granted to joint R&D projects do so to a certain extent. The number of knowledge links firms have is not influencing performance, but the type of network partners has an effect. We found strong evidence that some but not too much cognitive distance between collaboration partners and being located in a cluster have a positive effect. Resumen El objetivo de este articulo es explicar si los subsidios a la I+D, la participacion en redes de colaboracion y la localizacion influyen en las patentes de empresas biotecnologicas en Alemania. Demostramos que los subsidios a I+D dirigidos a una unica empresa no aumentan la intensidad de patentes, mientras que, hasta cierto punto, los subsidios otorgados a proyectos conjuntos de I+D si la aumentan. El numero de conexiones de conocimiento que poseen las empresas no influye en su rendimiento, pero les afecta el tipo de socios que haya en la red. Encontramos pruebas importantes de que, mientras no sea demasiada, cierta distancia cognitiva entre los socios colaboradores y estar ubicados en un conglomerado (cluster) tienen un efecto positivo.
- Published
- 2011
41. The impact of urban growth on commuting patterns in a restructuring city: Evidence from Beijing
- Author
-
Bin Lu, Pengjun Zhao, and Gert de Roo
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Travel behavior ,Megacity ,Geography ,Beijing ,Urban planning ,Restructuring ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Urban sprawl ,City centre ,Demographic economics ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Built environment - Abstract
Our existing knowledge of the links between urban growth and commuting patterns are dominated by cases from developed countries. This paper examines the impact of urban growth on workers' commutes using the case of Beijing, which is undergoing rapid economic and spatial restructuring. The results of an analysis of household survey data show that clustered and compact urban development in planned sub-centres is likely to reduce suburban workers' need for a long-distance commute to the city centre when the workers' socio-economic characteristics, the level of transport accessibility and household preferences for residential location are taken into account. Workers employed in the manufacturing sector tend to have shorter commutes and travel within the planned suburban sub-centres. This reveals that the decentralization of employment in the manufacturing sector provides more opportunities to enhance the spatial matches between household residential and job location choices. Household preferences for residential location have an effect on commuting patterns, and high-income workers are likely to accept longer commutes in order to fulfil their residential preferences. Dramatic urban restructuring, in conjunction with changes in lifestyle, is creating new commuting patterns in the rapidly growing cities of China.
- Published
- 2011
42. SMEs and economic growth in the Brazilian micro-regions
- Author
-
Tulio Cravo
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Capital (economics) ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Business ,Small and medium-sized enterprises ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Human capital - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and economic growth for a panel of 508 Brazilian micro-regions for the period 1980–2004. It investigates the importance of the SME sector size measured by the share of the SME employment in total employment, and the level of human capital in the SME sector measured by the average years of schooling in SMEs. Furthermore, it examines how these aspects of SMEs influence growth in regions with dissimilar level of development. The empirical findings show that the presence of SMEs is not positively correlated with growth and SMEs' human capital is more important for growth in more developed regions. Resumen Este articulo examina la relacion entre el sector de pequenas y medianas empresas (PyMEs) y el crecimiento economico para un panel de 508 microrregiones brasilenas durante el periodo 1980–2004. Investiga la importancia del tamano del sector PyMEs medido como la proporcion de empleo en PyMEs respecto del empleo total, y la cualificacion del capital humano en el sector PyMEs medido por el numero de anos de escolaridad en PyMEs. Ademas, examina como influyen estos aspectos de las PyMEs en el crecimiento en regiones con niveles de desarrollo diferentes. Los resultados empiricos muestran que la presencia de PyMEs no esta correlacionada positivamente con el crecimiento y que el capital humano de las PyMEs es mas importante para el crecimiento en las regiones mas desarrolladas.
- Published
- 2010
43. Measuring science: Spatial investigation of academic opportunities in Belgium
- Author
-
Teodora Diana Corsatea
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Computer science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Humanities - Abstract
By revisiting Lotka's law to account for the concentration of authors in a given field, this paper examines the determinants of scientific productivity in Belgium, measured as publications' impact scores. We then estimate arrondissement impact scores in a model that incorporates spatial interaction, and takes account of regional spillovers. Lotka's law reveals knowledge about the indivisibilities favouring scientific concentration. Global determinants of scientific productivity, controlling for knowledge specialization, are represented mainly by past scientific activity and national language. Spatial investigation based on scientific field reveals that proximity is a smaller facilitator of knowledge diffusion than use of English. Abstract Este articulo examina los determinantes de la productividad cientifica en Belgica, medida a traves de la puntuacion del impacto de la publicaciones, y utilizando una adaptacion de la ley de Lotka para tener en cuenta la concentracion de autores de una disciplina en particular. A continuacion estimamos la puntuacion del impacto por arrondissement (NUTS 3 Belgica) dentro de un modelo que incorpora interaccion espacial y toma en cuenta spillovers regionales. La ley de Lotka muestra evidencia de indivisibilidades que favorecen la concentracion cientifica. Los determinantes globales de la productividad cientifica, los cuales controlan la especializacion en el conocimiento, estan representados mayormente por la actividad cientifica del pasado y la lengua nacional. La investigacion espacial basada en la disciplina cientifica revela que la proximidad facilita la difusion de conocimiento en menor medida que el uso del ingles.
- Published
- 2010
44. Local embeddedness of knowledge spillover agents: Empirical evidence from German star scientists
- Author
-
Daniel Schiller and Javier Revilla Diez
- Subjects
German ,Economic growth ,Embeddedness ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,language ,Economics ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Empirical evidence ,language.human_language ,Knowledge spillover - Abstract
The spatial scope of knowledge flows is a topic of fierce debate. While several studies have focused on single modes, the aim of this paper is to look at different knowledge flows originating from individual scientists, namely, scientific and industrial collaboration, entrepreneurial activities and human capital formation. The analysis is based on qualitative data acquired from interviews with distinguished German scientists from the disciplines of science and technology. It was found that the excellence of star scientists manifests itself in several ways. However, the results do not confirm the expectation that knowledge flows are predominantly locally embedded. The impact on the local economy was especially low for industrial collaborations. Resumen El alcance espacial de flujos de conocimiento es un apasionado tema de debate. Mientras que varios estudios se han centrado en modalidades unicas, el objetivo de este articulo es revisar flujos de conocimiento diferentes con origen en cientificos individuales, concretamente colaboracion cientifica e industrial, actividades emprendedoras y formacion de capital humano. El analisis esta basado en datos cualitativos obtenidos de entrevistas a cientificos alemanes prestigiosos de las disciplinas de la ciencia y la tecnologia. Se encontro que la excelencia de estos cientificos punteros se manifiesta de manera diferente. Sin embargo, los resultados no confirman la expectativa de que los flujos de conocimiento estan mayoritariamente integrados localmente. El impacto en la economia local fue especialmente bajo para colaboraciones industriales.
- Published
- 2010
45. Coming undone: A spatial hazard analysis of urban form in American metropolitan areas*
- Author
-
John I. Carruthers, Gerrit-Jan Knaap, Selma Lewis, and Robert N. Renner
- Subjects
Urban form ,Economic growth ,Geography ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Urban sprawl ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Hazard analysis ,Metropolitan area - Abstract
This paper explores the viability of using proportional hazard models to study spatial point patterns generated by urbanisation. The analysis demonstrates that the ‘spatial hazard’ framework is not only viable for studying urban form, but is extremely promising: the models do an excellent job of characterizing very different patterns of development, and they lend themselves directly to the kind of probative analysis needed to guide urban and regional policy. Compared to more traditional approaches to characterizing urban form – namely, density gradients – hazard models rest on a probabilistic worldview, and, so, they portray the built environment as a froth of stochastic transitions through which urban form unfolds in an irregular fashion until it at last comes undone. Several general conclusions and directions for future research follow from these findings. Resumen Este articulo explora la viabilidad del uso de modelos de riesgo proporcional para estudiar patrones de puntos espaciales generados por la urbanizacion. El analisis demuestra que el marco de “riesgo espacial” no es solo viable para el estudio de la forma urbana, sino que es extremadamente prometedor: los modelos hacen un trabajo excelente en caracterizar patrones de desarrollo muy diferentes, y se prestan directamente al tipo de analisis probatorio requerido para orientar las politicas urbanas y regionales. En comparacion con los enfoques mas tradicionales para caracterizar la forma urbana – es decir, gradientes de densidad – los modelos de riesgo se basan en una vision probabilistica del mundo y, por tanto, representan el medio construido como una efervescencia de transiciones estocasticas a traves de las cuales se despliega la forma urbana de manera irregular hasta que al final se despliega. A estos resultados le siguen varias conclusiones generales y orientacion para futuras investigaciones.
- Published
- 2010
46. Unrewarded careers in the creative class: The strange case of bohemian graduates
- Author
-
Roberta Comunian, Alessandra Faggian, and Qian Cher Li
- Subjects
Creative industries ,Economic growth ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Economics ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Human capital ,Creative class - Abstract
In recent years, the role of human capital in economic development has been integrated with the concept of ‘creative class’. To investigate the impact of creative occupations, the paper focuses on the jobs and career opportunities of individuals with high human capital in the creative disciplines (bohemian graduates). Using micro-individual student data by the Higher Education Statistical Agency, we highlight the mismatch between bohemian graduates and creative occupations and their low economic reward. The data question the role of bohemian graduates as agents of knowledge spillovers and highlight the need to differentiate between different type of human capital and job markets to better understand their influence on local growth. Abstract El rol del capital humano en el desarrollo economico ha incorporado en los ultimos anos el concepto de la ‘clase creativa’. Para investigar el impacto de los puestos de trabajo creativos, este articulo se centra en los puestos y oportunidades laborales de individuos con un capital humano elevado dentro de las disciplinas creativas (graduados bohemios). Utilizando datos micro-individuales de estudiantes de la Agencia Estadistica de Educacion Superior (HESA, U.K.) ponemos de manifiesto la falta de concordancia entre graduados bohemios, ocupaciones creativas, y baja remuneracion economica. Los datos cuestionan el papel de los graduados bohemios como agentes de spillovers de conocimiento y resaltan la necesidad de distinguir entre tipos diferentes de capital humano y mercados laborales para entender mejor su influencia en el crecimiento local.
- Published
- 2010
47. Creating open source geodemographics: Refining a national classification of census output areas for applications in higher education
- Author
-
Paul A. Longley and Alex Singleton
- Subjects
Reino unido ,Economic growth ,Open source ,Higher education ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Welfare economics ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Geodemography ,Educational data ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Census ,business - Abstract
This paper explores the use of geodemographic classifications to investigate the social, economic and spatial dimensions of participation in Higher Education (HE). Education is a public service that confers very significant and tangible benefits upon receiving individuals: as such, we argue that understanding the geodemography of educational opportunity requires an application-specific classification that exploits under-used educational data sources. We develop a classification for the UK higher education sector, and apply it to the Gospel Oak area of London. We discuss the wider merits of sector specific applications of geodemographics and enumerate the advantages of bespoke classifications for applications in public service provision. Resumen Este articulo explora el uso de clasificaciones geodemograficas para investigar las dimensiones sociales, economicas y espaciales de la participacion en educacion superior. La educacion es un servicio publico que confiere beneficios tangibles y muy significativos a los individuos que la reciben: como tal, argumentamos que entender la geodemografia de las oportunidades educativas requiere una clasificacion especifica para cada aplicacion que explote fuentes de datos de educacion infra utilizados. Desarrollamos una clasificacion para el sector de educacion superior del Reino Unido, y la aplicamos al area de Gospel Oak de Londres. Discutimos en general los meritos de aplicaciones sectoriales especificas de geodemografia y citamos las ventajas de clasificaciones a medida para aplicaciones en la provision de servicios publicos.
- Published
- 2009
48. Technology and industrial agglomeration: Evidence from computer usage
- Author
-
Christopher H. Wheeler
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Technology ,Industrial location ,Earnings ,Economies of agglomeration ,Scale (chemistry) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Sample (statistics) ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Metropolitan area ,Work (electrical) ,Scale (social sciences) ,Spite ,Business ,Product (category theory) ,Productivity ,Industrial organization - Abstract
Although the association between industrial agglomeration and productivity has been widely examined and documented, little work has explored the possibility that these `external' productivity shifts are the product of more advanced technologies. This paper offers a look at this hypothesis using data on individual-level computer usage across a sample of U.S. metropolitan areas over the years 1984, 1989, 1993, and 1997. The results indicate that, for a wide array of industries at the two-, three-, and four-digit SIC level, an industry's scale within a metropolitan area is positively associated with the frequency of computer use by its workers. However, in spite of these observable differences in workplace technology, I also find that estimated localization effects on wages are largely not explained by computer usage. Even after controlling for computer use, there remain significant own-industry scale effects in labor earnings.
- Published
- 2009
49. CONTRASTS IN REGIONAL POTENTIALS: SOME ASPECTS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- Author
-
Michael Steiner
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Lead (geology) ,Product lifecycle ,Regional development ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,sense organs ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Shift-share analysis ,Economic change - Abstract
The paper Marls with the assumption that regional problems arise by a change in the retirement of production, and that there are differences in a region's ability to adjust to these changes. These differences are caused by regional variations in their productive capacities. The product cycle hypothesis is used as an interpretive framework for these distinguishing characteristics which lead to different types of regions. Empirical attempts to enhance the assumption of types of regions for Austria arc reported. Some of the shortcomings of a regionalized version of the product cycle hypothesis are outlined and then modifications are suggested which might lead to a reinterpreclation of regional development in terms of evolutionary theories of economic change.
- Published
- 2005
50. MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES AND RENEWAL STRATEGIES
- Author
-
Ulf Wiberg
- Subjects
Economic growth ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Context (language use) ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Network economy ,Competition (economics) ,Service (economics) ,Specialization (functional) ,Position (finance) ,Economic geography ,Business ,Urban governance ,media_common - Abstract
This paper presents a general overview of strategies relevant to strengthen the network potential of Swedish medium-sized cities. In several respects, these cities have reached dominant positions in their regional framework. In the emerging network economy, industrial firms and service institutions become increasingly exposed to competition, not only within the national framework but also in the international context. Several medium-sized cities in Sweden are in a vulnerable position. They are in need of the development of new types of strategies. The most vital aspects are to develop an entrepreneurial urban governance, to strengthen import links which promote new specialization efforts, to establish strategic alliances with other cities, and to finance the renewal of infrastructure.
- Published
- 2005
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