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Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the transitions and alternation between self-employment, paid-employment and non-employment in Finland in 1987–1999, paying special attention to differences in self-employment dynamics between areas characterized by different labour market conditions, viz. rural and urban locations. Markovian analysis reveals significant differences by the type of area in the processes of transition between the three labour market states. Alternation between self-employment and other labour markets states turns out to be greater in rural than urban areas. Five major types of alternating working careers are identified. The type of area is importantly related to alternating working careers even when all the important variables describing personal and family characteristics are included in the models. Este artículo trata con las transiciones y alternancia entre el trabajo por cuenta propia, trabajo por cuenta ajena y desempleo en Finlandia de 1987–1999, poniendo especial atención a las diferencias en dinámicas de trabajo autónomo entre áreas caracterizadas por condiciones del mercado laboral diferentes, a saber, ubicaciones rurales y urbanas. Un análisis Markoviano revela diferencias significativas por tipo de área en los procesos de transición entre los tres estados de mercado laboral. La alternancia entre el trabajo por cuenta propia y otros mercados laborales resulta ser mayor en áreas rurales que en urbanas. Se identifican cinco tipos principales de alternancia en el historial laboral. El tipo de área está relacionada de manera importante con historiales laborales alternantes incluso cuando todas las variables importantes que describen características personales y familiares están incluidas en los modelos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the end of 1990s, Danny Quah devoted several papers to the analysis of polarization and stratification in the convergence processes of economies, creating the image of the 'convergence clubs' and suggesting the importance of studying the distribution dynamics of the macroeconomic variables. As for the labour markets, Overman and Puga (2002) showed that a progressive polarization of unemployment was in fact occurring among the European regions in 1986-1996, causing a phenomenon of cross-border clusterization. Here we propose to analyse the evolution of the unemployment rates of the EU 27 regions in the last two decades assuming that the unemployment rates evolve according to a Gompertz stochastic process. The estimated parameters of the process - intrinsic growth rate, deceleration factor, volatility - represent the evolutionary path of the unemployment rate and allow for estimating the steady state of the process. A cluster analysis is performed on the steady state values of the unemployment rates. The analysis confirms the emergence of several 'convergence clubs' among the European regional labour markets, which are compared to the clusters resulting from the more traditional clusterization on the current unemployment rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses microeconomic data for more than 100,000 European individuals in order to analyse whether the individual economic returns to education vary between migrants and non-migrants and whether any differences in earnings between these two groups are affected by household and/or geographical (regional and interregional) externalities. The results point out that while education is a fundamental determinant of earnings, European labour markets do not discriminate in the returns to education between migrants and non-migrants. Household, regional and supra-regional externalities influence the economic returns to education in a similar way for local, intranational and supra-national migrants. The results are robust to the introduction of a large number of individual, household and regional controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop an urban equilibrium job search model with employed and unemployed individuals where residential mobility of the unemployed is restricted. We assume a standard mono-centric model (firms are located in one location), but allow for imperfect labour markets. In contrast to models with perfect labour markets, the model predicts that the employed are only partially compensated for commuting costs in the form of wages. As a result, rent gradients are less steep than predicted by standard urban theories that assume perfectly competitive labour markets. Desarrollamos un modelo urbano de equilibrio de búsqueda de empleo con individuos empleados y desempleados donde se restringe la movilidad residencial de los desempleados. Asumimos un modelo monocéntrico estándar (las empresas se sitúan en una única ubicación), pero se permiten mercados de mano de obra imperfectos. En contraste con modelos con mercados de mano de obra perfectos, el modelo predice que los empleados reciben en forma de salario solamente una compensación parcial de los costes de trasladarse al puesto de trabajo. Como resultado, los gradientes en el alquiler son menos pronunciados de lo que predicen las teorías urbanas estándar que asumen mercados de mano de obra perfectamente competitivos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Duranton and Turner estimated the impact of interstate highways on the average growth of US cities between 1983 and 2003. By estimating a structural model, one of their striking points is that increasing a city's initial stock of highways by 10 per cent leads to a 1.5 per cent positive respond of the city's employment over the sample period. This note mainly argues that their investigation leaves out potential spillovers of labour input from neighbouring growth centres/cities in the steady-state directly implied by the open city assumption. More specifically, this contribution readily extends Duranton and Turner's work by a general equilibrium effect induced by the urban system's labour market fluctuations which is a direct consequence of the open city assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]