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A new species of moth-fly, Atrichobrunettia (Polibrunettia) longipalpis sp. nov. (Psychodinae, Psychodidae), from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest is described. It can be distinguished from other species of the subgenus mainly by the length of palpus that is longer and by the dentate distal margin of hypandrium. Here the distribution of A. angelae Bravo, 2006 and A. paranaensis Bravo, 2005 is reviewed and morphological data to A. paranaensis Bravo, 2006 is given to complement the original description of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A new species of moth-fly, Tonnoira igrapiunensis sp. nov. (Psychodidae, Psychodinae), from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest is described. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its eye bridge separated by 0.5 facet diameter, R5 ending slightly posterior to apex of the wing, gonostyli bifurcated with long arm shorter than length of gonocoxites, aedeagus bipartite and asymmetrical, and two asymmetrical parameres. The gonostylus is similar to that of Tonnoira andradeiSantos, 2014, but in the latter species the aedeagus has only one shaft and not two as in the new species. Tonnoira bifidaBravo & Chagas, 2004, Tonnoira brisolaiiSantos, 2014, and Tonnoira galatiaeSantos, 2014 have their distribution expanded.

Abstract Ilha Grande is a large continental island (total area of 19,300 ha) situated at the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest Biome. Here we provide an update to the previous knowledge of the fauna of amphibians and reptiles occurring in Ilha Grande, based on primary data from our own fieldwork and on secondary data (from institutional collections and from the literature). We report the occurrence at Ilha Grande of a total of 74 species, being 34 amphibians (all of them anurans) and 40 reptiles (27 snakes, 11 lizards, one amphisbaenian and one crocodylian). Our survey added 14 species to the herpetofaunal list of Ilha Grande (three of amphibians and eleven of reptiles) and removed one species (the amphibian Cycloramphus fuliginosus) from the previous list. The data indicated that Ilha Grande houses a considerable portion of the Atlantic Forest amphibian and reptile diversity (ca. 6% and 19%, respectively, of the species occurring in this biome) together with high occurrence of species endemic to this biome plus a few amphibian species endemic to this island. Ilha Grande is thus an important reservoir of both biodiversity and endemism of amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which highlights the importance of the conservation of the island and of its different habitats along the insular landscape.

Ilha Grande is a large continental island (total area of 19,300 ha) situated at the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest Biome. Here we provide an update to the previous knowledge of the fauna of amphibians and reptiles occurring in Ilha Grande, based on primary data from our own fieldwork and on secondary data (from institutional collections and from the literature). We report the occurrence at Ilha Grande of a total of 74 species, being 34 amphibians (all of them anurans) and 40 reptiles (27 snakes, 11 lizards, one amphisbaenian and one crocodylian). Our survey added 14 species to the herpetofaunal list of Ilha Grande (three of amphibians and eleven of reptiles) and removed one species (the amphibian Cycloramphus fuliginosus) from the previous list. The data indicated that Ilha Grande houses a considerable portion of the Atlantic Forest amphibian and reptile diversity (ca. 6% and 19%, respectively, of the species occurring in this biome) together with high occurrence of species endemic to this biome plus a few amphibian species endemic to this island. Ilha Grande is thus an important reservoir of both biodiversity and endemism of amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which highlights the importance of the conservation of the island and of its different habitats along the insular landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estudos sobre o sucesso de acasalamento em anfíbios anuros mostram que determinadas características morfológicas e/ou comportamentais, como o tamanho, as vocalizações e o número de noites de participação no coro podem influenciar o sucesso reprodutivo dos machos. Este estudo teve como objetivos (1) descrever o comportamento reprodutivo de machos e fêmeas de Dendropsophus bipunctatus, (2) examinar o sucesso de acasalamento dos machos, bem como (3) verificar as preferências das fêmeas a certas propriedades acústicas exibidas por machos através de testes de playback. Durante as atividades de corte, machos apresentaram períodos de imobilidade seguidos de pequenos deslocamentos que pode ser interpretado como uma forma de aumentar suas chances de atrair uma fêmea, pois os sinais acústicos podem, dessa forma, ser emitidos em diferentes direções. Machos maiores ou mais pesados não obtiveram um maior número de fêmeas e o número de noites de participação no coro foi a única variável que foi significativamente correlacionada com o sucesso reprodutivo dos machos. Acasalamentos por classe de tamanho e massa foram observados nesta espécie e altas taxas de fertilização foram encontradas em todas as razões de tamanho e massa dos casais em amplexo coletados no campo. Os resultados dos experimentos com cantos (playback) mostraram que fêmeas exibem uma preferência por sinais acústicos emitidos a uma elevada taxa de repetição do que aqueles emitidos a uma baixa taxa.Studies on sexual selection in anuran amphibians show that some morphological and/or behavioral characteristics, such as size, vocalizations, and chorus tenure can influence male mating success. The goals of this study were (1) to describe the breeding behavior of males and females of Dendropsophus bipunctatus, (2) to assess male mating success, and (3) to verify the female preferences for specific acoustical properties performed by males through the two-choice calls trials. During courtship activities, males performed a stationary calling position followed by frequent small switches of calling sites that could enhance mating success, as signals were emitted from different directions. Larger or heavier males did not obtain a larger number of females, whereas chorus tenure was the only variable significantly related to the reproductive success of males. We observed high percentage fertilization rate among all size and mass ratios of males and females, as well as size and mass assortative mating. The results of the two choice trials show that females of D. bipunctatus prefer signals produced at high call-rate than lower ones.

A new species of the genus Rhinella is described from Canavieiras, southern State of Bahia, in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Eastern Brazil. Rhinella hoogmoedi sp. nov. is characterized by the medium size for the genus (SVL 39.4-52.1 mm in males), snout rounded in dorsal view, with a vertical apical ridge which gives a nearly mucronate aspect, and nearly acute in profile, antorbital and supra-orbital crests developed, parietal crest poorly developed, post-orbital crest large, forming a small lateral ledge, tympanum evident, vertebral apophyses not salient on dorsum, presence of a dorsolateral line of pointed tubercles on the external border of the parotoid gland, continuing along the lateral side of body to the groin, a rounded tubercle at the posterior corner of mouth, and vocal slits present. The new species is distributed from the State of Ceará to the State of Paraná, Brazil.Uma nova espécie do gênero Rhinella é descrita de Canavieiras, no sul do Estado da Bahia, na Floresta Atlântica do leste do Brasil. Rhinella hoogmoedi sp. nov. é caracterizada pelo tamanho médio para o gênero (CRA 39,4-52,1 mm em machos), focinho arredondado em vista dorsal, com uma prega apical vertical que lhe dá um aspecto aproximadamente mucronado, e próximo de agudo em perfil, cristas anterorbital e supra-orbital desenvolvidas, crista parietal pouco desenvolvida, crista pós-orbital grande, formando uma pequena aba lateral, tímpano evidente, apófises vertebrais não salientes no dorso, presença de uma linha dorsolateral de tubérculos pontiagudos na borda externa da glândula parotóide, continuando-se ao longo da lateral do corpo até a virilha, um tubérculo arredondado no canto posterior da boca e fendas vocais presentes. A nova espécie está distribuída do Estado do Ceará até o Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

Este estudo descreve o padrão temporal, as estratégias reprodutivas, os modos reprodutivos e a fecundidade de uma taxocenose de anuros em uma poça permanente na Serra de Paranapiacaba, município de Ribeirão Branco, sul do estado de São Paulo (aproximadamente 24º13'S; 48º46'W; ca. 800m do nível do mar). O Trabalho de campo foi conduzido entre janeiro e dezembro de 1993, totalizando 40 noites de observações. Sete visitas preliminares foram feitas antes deste período e sete após. Observações naturalísticas normalmente se iniciavam antes do pôr do sol e eram concluídas aproximadamente entre 24:0001:00h. Em três ocasiões as observações foram ao longo da noite. A estratégia reprodutiva mais comum entre os machos de diferentes espécies foi a do macho cantor, mas comportamento satélite foi observado em algumas espécies. O padrão temporal foi prolongado para as espécies desta taxocenose; entretanto, algumas espécies podiam vocalizar ocasionalmente. Seis diferentes modos reprodutivos foram observados na poça ou suas margens. O comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC) das fêmeas de diferentes espécies foi positivamente correlacionado com o volume da desova, independente do modo reprodutivo. O CRC das fêmeas foi positivamente correlacionado com o número de ovos por desova, embora a correlação seja mais forte para espécies com um modo reprodutivo generalizado. Entretanto, para espécies com modo reprodutivo especializado o número de ovos por desova não foi correlacionado com o CRC das fêmeas. Uma correlação positiva e significativa entre o CRC das fêmeas e o diâmetro dos ovos, também foi detectada para espécies com modo reprodutivo generalizado. Por outro lado, para as espécies com modo reprodutivo especializado o CRC das fêmeas e o diâmetro dos ovos foram negativamente correlacionados. Modos reprodutivos terrestres são possivelmente restritos a espécies pequenas. Ovos grandes podem apresentar problemas com a troca de gases devido ao seu longo desenvolvimento e baixa relação superfície/volume.Strategies and reproductive modes of anurans (Amphibia) in a permanent pond in Serra de Paranapiacaba, southeastern Brazil. This study describes the temporal patterns, behavioral strategies, reproductive modes, and fecundity of an anuran assemblage in a permanent pond in Serra de Paranapiacaba, municipality of Ribeirão Branco, south of São Paulo State (approximately 24º13'S; 48º46'W; ca. 800m above sea level). Field work was carried out between January and December 1993, totaling 40 nights of observation. Seven preliminary visits were made before this period and seven additional ones after December 1993. Naturalistic observations usually began before sunset and were concluded around 24:0001:00h. On three occasions the observations lasted the entire night. The commonest reproductive strategy among males of different species was that performed by calling male, but the satellite behavior was observed in some species. The calling temporal pattern was prolonged for the species of the assemblage; however, some species called only occasionally. Six different reproductive modes were observed in the pond or on its margins. The SVL of females of different species was positively correlated with egg clutch volume, irrespective of the reproductive mode. The SVL of females was also positively correlated with the number of eggs per clutch, although the correlation is stronger for species with a generalized reproductive mode. However, for species with specialized reproductive mode the number of eggs per clutch was not correlated with the SVL of females. A significant and positive correlation between female SVL and egg diameter was also detected for species with generalized reproductive mode. On the other hand, for species with specialized reproductive mode, female's SVL and egg diameter were negatively correlated. Terrestrial reproductive modes are possibly restricted to small-sized species. Large eggs may face problems of gas exchange due to their longer development period and lower surface/volume ratio.

Abstract A new species of moth-fly, Atrichobrunettia (Polibrunettia) longipalpis sp. nov. (Psychodinae, Psychodidae), from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest is described. It can be distinguished from other species of the subgenus mainly by the length of palpus that is longer and by the dentate distal margin of hypandrium. Here the distribution of A. angelae Bravo, 2006 and A. paranaensis Bravo, 2005 is reviewed and morphological data to A. paranaensis Bravo, 2006 is given to complement the original description of the species.