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Abstract: Independent dust provenance data play an important role in understanding changes in the atmospheric dust loading over geological time. Major elemental compositions and grain-size characteristics of the aeolian deposits (Xiangshan (XS) section) at the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert in northwestern China demonstrate that the deposits are an intermediate product of the transportation of aeolian materials from the dust source area (deserts) to the dust depositional regions (Chinese Loess Plateau) that were likely formed by dust storm processes. The >40μm and 63–178μm fractions and the ratio of SiO2/TiO2 of the XS section were used as proxies to reconstruct the surface wind regime over the last 20kyr. The results show that the surface winds were much stronger and fluctuate acutely from 19.1 to 11.4kyr. The winds gradually attenuated after the beginning of the Holocene and reached a minimum between 4.0 and 3.5kyrBP. A sharp increase in surface winds occurred after 2.5kyrBP. The surface winds in the Asian dust source area are largely consistent with the changes in winter monsoon strength documented by the Chinese loess deposits. Also, the stronger surface winds from 19.1 to 11.4kyr coincide with the high mineral dust concentration determined from the Greenland ice core, except for the period of Bölling–Allerød (B/A), when the atmospheric dust may have been washed out by enhanced global hydrological cycles although dust was still emitted from source areas. This suggests that the stronger surface winds in dust source areas can enhance the atmospheric dust loadings during the late glacial. The weakening surface wind regime during the Holocene may have greatly contributed to the decrease in dust concentration of the remote dust records. The paleo-environmental changes in the study area since 42.5kyrBP are broadly in agreement with other adjacent records. However, the possible warm and humid spell of 42.5–19.1kyrBP still requires verification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]