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This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among dentists of five tertiary hospitals in Islamabad. A total of 192 participants were approached using a convenient sampling technique, over a period of three months from January 2018 to March 2018. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. The response rate was 100% (n=192). The results showed that the mean age of the participants were 28.5 ± 3 years with most of them were females (82%). More than 80% of the study participants had an adequate knowledge on risk factors for HBV, its mode of transmissions, and preventions. Majority (97.9%) of the participants had positive attitude towards following infection control guidelines. The mean score for HBV related practices was 4.76±1.15 revealing good practices among the study participants. In conclusion, this study reveals that majority of the dentists working in tertiary hospitals of Islamabad have good knowledge, attitude and practices towards HBV. However, it is recommended to improve this percentage through health education campaigns and settings so that a greater number of dentists could be benefited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries and the resulting pulpitis is a reality of modern day life style. Important determinant for dental caries progression may be socioeconomic status (SES), gender, race, oral hygiene and habits like tobacco consumption. An association of dental caries with SES is still questionable. The objectives this study are to access the prevalence of untreated dental caries using PUFA index among 12 to 14 years old school going children and to determine an association of PUFA index with the socioeconomic status (SES) of parents. A cross sectional study of three months duration was conducted among 12 -14 years old school going children reporting at the Operative Dentistry department of Margalla institute of Health Sciences Rawalpindi. An assessment of teeth and adjacent soft tissues of 300 children was carried out with mouth mirror. PUFA score of the whole sample was 1.42. The "P" component formed the majority of PUFA score (80%). Children with poor SES had a mean PUFA score of 1.32 while children with middle class SES had a mean PUFA score of 1.48. A statistically significant association was seen between SES and P component of PUFA (p≤0.001). These results with high degree of pulpal involvement in children belonging to middle class SES highlight the fact that there is a need for educating both parents and children regarding deleterious effects of refined sugars on oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of treated and untreated dental caries experience and its association with oral hygiene and dietary habits 5-6 years children in Gulraiz, Rawalpindi. A cross-sectional survey on 384 school going children of 5-6 years age group was carried out. Multi stage random sampling was employed. Overall the deft prevalence for the sample of 384 children is 50.9% and the prevalence of pufa is 15.9%. The 'd' component formed majority of the def codes (41.7%) and the 'p' component was majorly responsible for pufa codes (14.3%). No significant association between gender, tooth brushing frequency and supervised tooth brushing, and def and pufa were found (p = > 0.05). However, the lunch that children consumed during school lunch breaks was found to have highly significant association with the 'd' and 'f' component of def index (p = < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the etiology and pattern of tooth extractions in permanent dentition. A cross sectional prospective study was conducted at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad from October 2018 to March 2019. A total of 1656 patients were picked through non-probability consecutive sampling and data was collected by a skilled clinician using a specially designed performa after informed verbal consent from the patient. Quantitative variables like age were presented as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data like gender, reason of extraction of tooth, tooth loss pattern and socioeconomic status were presented as frequencies and percentages. In 1656 patients, a total of 2253 teeth were extracted. There were 639 (38.6%) males and 1017 (61.4%) females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.6. Majority of the patients 1235 (74.6%) belong to lower socioeconomic status and 421 (25.4%) belong to middle socioeconomic status. The main etiology of tooth extraction in this study was caries 1503 (66.7%) followed by periodontal diseases 288 (12.8%) and impaction 237 (10.5%). The pattern of tooth removal showed that third molar tooth was the frequently extracted tooth 522 (23.1%) followed by the first molar tooth 438 (19.4%) in both the arches. The results of this study showed that caries followed by periodontal disease were the major cause for tooth extractions. These are largely preventable causes of tooth extraction therefore there is a need for commencement of far reaching preventive actions. Significant consideration should be applied to expand people's awareness and recognition of their overall dental health and change of their viewpoint and behaviour in connection to oral care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries and the resulting pulpitis is a reality of modern day life style. Important determinant for dental caries progression may be socioeconomic status (SES), gender, race, oral hygiene and habits like tobacco consumption. An association of dental caries with SES is still questionable. The objectives this study are to access the prevalence of untreated dental caries using PUFA index among 12 to 14 years old school going children and to determine an association of PUFA index with the socioeconomic status (SES) of parents. A cross sectional study of three months duration was conducted among 12 -14 years old school going children reporting at the Operative Dentistry department of Margalla institute of Health Sciences Rawalpindi. An assessment of teeth and adjacent soft tissues of 300 children was carried out with mouth mirror. PUFA score of the whole sample was 1.42. The "P" component formed the majority of PUFA score (80%). Children with poor SES had a mean PUFA score of 1.32 while children with middle class SES had a mean PUFA score of 1.48. A statistically significant association was seen between SES and P component of PUFA (p≤0.001). These results with high degree of pulpal involvement in children belonging to middle class SES highlight the fact that there is a need for educating both parents and children regarding deleterious effects of refined sugars on oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]