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Objective: To compare the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes of different age groups, body mass indexes and duration of diabetes. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jun to Nov 2019. Methodology: One hundred thirty-two patients of either gender with diabetes for more than one year were included. All patients underwent ultrasound to scan for fatty liver, and a consultant radiologist confirmed the findings. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed as per operational definition. Results: Of the total 132, 89(67.5%) were males, and 43(32.5%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 49.34±5.76 years. The mean weight of the patients was 72.91±13.40 Kg, the mean height was 1.56±0.09 meters, and 6.35±2.99 years was the mean duration of diabetes. Most patients were 46-60 years (78.8%). NAFLD was seen in 58.5% of patients with diabetes with female preponderance. Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was found to be more frequent in patients of the age group 46-60 years, and also it has a strong correlation with body mass index of >25 kg/m2 and longer duration of diabetes. A significant proportion of patients with diabetes were also found to have ‘lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidaemia in type-2 diabetic patients and to compare the frequency of dyslipidaemia in patients with and without microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. Study Design: cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Quetta Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to Jun 2019. Methodology: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited General Medicine department of Combined Military Hospital Quetta with type II diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Blood sample following an 8-12 hours fasting over the last night and 24 hour urine sample for microalbuminuria was collected to assess the outcome i.e. frequency of dyslipidaemia and also its frequency with and without microalbuminuria. Result: A total of 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Ninety nine (60%) were males and 66 (40%) were females with the mean age of 48.08 ± 7.63 years. Overall, dyslipidaemia was found in 48 (29.1%) patients, dyslipidaemia was noted in 29 (17.6%) with microalbuminuria and 19 (11.5%) without microalbuminuria. Chi-square test revealed that dyslipidaemia was significantly more in patients of diabetes mellites having microalbuminuria than those not having it (p-value=0.01). Conclusion: Abnormal lipid metabolism was present in significantly more in patients with microalbuminuria as compared to those without microalbuminuria suffering from type II diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To assess the frequency of stress hyperglycemia and mortality in patients with hyperglycemia admitted in medical Intensive Care Unit. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Nov 2018 to Jun 2019. Methodology: A total of 150 adult patients of age between 18-80 years, of both genders, with Intensive Care Unit stay >24 hours, who were treated in medical Intensive Care Unit during study period, were included in the study. Those patients with duration of stay

Objective: To establish the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Study Design: Correlation study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi (PEMH), Medical Outpatient department (OPD), from Nov 2017 to May 2018. Methodology: A total of 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both genders, 30-70 years of age presenting in OPD were included in study, while those with T1DM, CKD stage 3 and above, infection or diabetic foot, any endocrine disease and female patients with pregnancy were excluded from the study. The blood samples were taken for blood sugar random (BSR), blood sugar fasting (BSF), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile and results were collected next day. The Pearson correlation test was used to analyze correlations. Results: Among 160 patients the mean age was 57.28 ± 10.13 years, 81 (50.6%) were males while 79 (49.4%) were females. The 34 (21.20%) patients had good, while 125 (78.80%) had poor glycaemic control using haemoglobin A1c of 7% as a cut off. A positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between haemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol (r=0.233, p

Abstract Objective: To compare the efficacy of Rosuvastatin 5mg and Simvastatin 20mg in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, from Jul 2017 to Jan 2018. Methodology: Patients of type 2 diabetes with hypercholesterolemia (mean LDL-C levels >100 mg/dl) were included in the study. In a sample of 100 patients, half of the patients were in the Rosuvastatin 5mg group (group A) while half patients were in the Simvastatin 20mg group (group B). Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. We followed up the patients for 6 weeks. All the laboratory investigations were performed from the laboratory of the same hospital. Investigator himself recorded all the information including name, age, gender, weight, LDL-C levels, Renal function test reports and CK-MB levels in a self-designed, self-administered proforma. Data were analyzed with statistical analysis program SPSS V 23. Results: Age range in this study was from 35 to 60 years with a mean age of 46.980 ± 6.31 years in group A vs 48.520 ± 5.61 years in group B. Mean LDL-C Levels were 149.460 ± 25.76 mg/dl in group A vs 146.960 ± 22.92 mg/dl in group B. Mean weight was 82.880 ± 9.17 kg in group A vs 88.660 ± 10.33kg in group B. Male gender was dominant in both group (70% and 72%). In group A, efficacy was seen in 40 (80%) patients as compared to 24 (48%) patients in group B (p