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Since May 2022, there have been more than 85,000 cases of Mpox worldwide, of which approximately 0.1% are in the paediatric age group (<18 years) [[1]]. Both parents had Mpox infection and were in close contact with the infant, and the transmission route was most probably perinatally acquired from caregivers (although vertical transmission cannot be ruled out as the placenta was not examined). [Extracted from the article]

In spite of intensive research on the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and neonatal hyperbili-rubinaemia, the mystery remains unsolved. A recently article by Liao et al. in Paediatrics and International Child Health estimated that neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia might have a 66% higher risk of developing T1DM in childhood [[1]]. Surprisingly, physiological hyperbilirubinaemia (which should be protective) appears to be a risk factor for T1DM but not pathological hyperbilirubinaemia (requiring phototherapy), which is not biologically plausible. [Extracted from the article]

The article by Bhasin et al. [[1]] compared various clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic markers of myocardial dysfunction in neonates with and without perinatal asphyxia. Despite the title (Myocardial dysfunction as a predictor of the severity and mortality of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in severe perinatal asphyxia: a case-control study), the results do not fully support it. The optimal way to present such conclusions in a case-control study is by calculating odds ratios and risk ratios. [Extracted from the article]

We read the article by Khuwuthyakorn et al. [[1]] which compared the efficacy of oral ibuprofen and oral indomethacin in very low-birthweight (VLBW) infants. Recent evidence shows that paracetamol is as effective as other therapies and remains a good alternative therapeutic agent when ibuprofen and indomethacin are contraindicated. Association of placebo, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen with closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [Extracted from the article]

We read with interest the article by Prashantha et al. regarding the safety of low-cost devices for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) such as India [[1]] and wish to make certain points. For it to be standard care in India, its long-term efficacy needs to be proved in large multi-centre randomised controlled trials (RCT) following standard study protocols. [Extracted from the article]