Search

Summary: It has been hypothesized that lipid profiles are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), but previous results have been controversial. In this study, serum triglycerides showed a significant inverse association with BMD, and the relationship is thought to correlate with vitamin D status among older adults. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid profiles and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: We enrolled men older than 50 years and postmenopausal women who participated in the KNHANES 2008–2011. Subjects with liver cirrhosis, thyroid disease, or renal dysfunction and those receiving treatment for hyperlipidemia or osteoporosis were excluded. Results: A total of 4323 subjects (2286 men and 2037 women) was analyzed. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 8.7% in men older than 50 years and 38.4% in postmenopausal women. Osteopenia and osteoporosis groups were generally older and tended to have a lower body mass index compared to the normal group (p for trend < 0.001). The correlation between each lipid profile and BMD was analyzed in the linear model adjusted for age and body mass index. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a negative correlation with BMD in the total population, but there was no significant correlation when analyzed separately for men and women. Triglycerides had a negative association with whole-body BMD in both men and women (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of logarithmic triglyceride level for osteoporosis was 2.50 (95% confidence interval 1.13–5.51) in women older than 65 years. Conclusion: Serum triglycerides showed a significant inverse association with BMD, and the relationship is thought to correlate with vitamin D status among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the metabolic nature of osteoporosis, this study was conducted to identify metabolomic studies investigating the metabolic profile of low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to April 08, 2020, to identify observational studies with cross-sectional or case-control designs investigating the metabolic profile of low BMD in adults using biofluid specimen via metabolomic platform. The quality assessment panel specified for the "omics"-based diagnostic research (QUADOMICS) tool was used to estimate the methodologic quality of the included studies. Ten untargeted and one targeted approach metabolomic studies investigating biomarkers in different biofluids through mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance platforms were included in the systematic review. Some metabolite panels, rather than individual metabolites, showed promising results in differentiating low BMD from normal. Candidate metabolites were of different categories including amino acids, followed by lipids and carbohydrates. Besides, certain pathways were suggested by some of the studies to be involved. This systematic review suggested that metabolic profiling could improve the diagnosis of low BMD. Despite valuable findings attained from each of these studies, there was great heterogeneity regarding the ethnicity and age of participants, samples, and the metabolomic platform. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the results and confirm the predictive role of metabolic profile on low BMD and fracture. It is also mandatory to address and minimize the heterogeneity in future studies by using reliable quantitative methods. Summary: Due to the metabolic nature of osteoporosis, researchers have considered metabolomic studies recently. This systematic review showed that metabolic profiling including different categories of metabolites could improve the diagnosis of low BMD. However, great heterogeneity was observed and it is mandatory to address and minimize the heterogeneity in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The present study suggests that insulin resistance has no association with bone quantity, but quality. Introduction: The literature has contradictory results concerning the influence of insulin resistance on bone. The present study sought to evaluate the association of insulin resistance and adipose tissue with either bone mineral density or the trabecular bone score. Methods: The study included 56 individuals (36 women and 20 men): age = 46.6 ± 14.2 years, weight = 67.8 ± 10.9 kg, height = 1.65 ± 0.10 m and BMI = 24.8 ± 3.9 kg/m2. The investigational protocol included biochemical determinations and bone assessment by dual X-ray absorptiometry for evaluation of bone mineral density and trabecular bone score. Magnetic resonance was employed to estimate visceral, subcutaneous and bone marrow adipose tissues, as well as intrahepatic lipids. Results: The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were not associated with insulin resistance-related parameters [visceral adipose tissue, intrahepatic lipids and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]. In contrast, there was a negative relationship between the trabecular bone score and all these components. The association between the trabecular bone score and HOMA-IR was reinforced after adjustment for age and BMI. Marrow adipose tissue was negatively associated with both bone mineral density and trabecular bone score. Conclusions: The present study shows that the trabecular bone score is negatively associated with marrow adipose tissue, insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipid measurements. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between saturated lipids in marrow adipose tissue and the trabecular bone score. These results encourage further studies to investigate the role of the trabecular bone score exam in the clinical evaluation of osteoporosis in conditions of insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study is to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and osteoporosis in rural areas of China, and then explore whether this association was mediated by lipid profiles. Results showed that with the increasing of BMI, the risk of osteoporosis was reduced, and lipid profiles mediate this association. Introduction: To examine the relationship between BMI and osteoporosis, and explore whether this association was mediated by lipid profiles. Methods: A total of 8272 participants (18–79 years) were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. The bone mineral density of the calcaneus was measured using an ultrasonic bone density apparatus. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Mediation analysis using bootstrap was performed to examine the contribution of lipid profiles to BMI-related osteoporosis. Results: The crude and age-standardized prevalence of osteoporosis were 15.93% and 11.77%, respectively. The mean BMIs were 24.12 kg/m2 for participants with osteoporosis and 25.06 kg/m2 for non-osteoporosis participants (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with obesity had a lower OR of osteoporosis (0.493 [95% CI: 0.405–0.600], Ptrend < 0.001) compared with normal-weight individuals. Mediation analysis showed that lipid profile partly mediated the relationship between BMI and osteoporosis with indirect effect OR (95% CI) of 0.985 (0.978–0.992), and the proportion explained of BMI was 15.48% for lipid profile. Conclusion: With the increasing of BMI, the risk of osteoporosis was reduced in the Chinese adult population, and lipid profiles may be a potential mediator linking reduced risk of osteoporosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms will facilitate developing feasible preventive and therapeutic measures for osteoporosis. Chinese clinical trial register: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Our study focused on the associations of metabolites with BMD and osteoporosis, finding that several metabolites are associated with BMD, and metabolites combined with bone turnover markers tend to be more sensitive in distinguishing osteoporosis in both males and postmenopausal females, which might be meaningful for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. Introduction: Our study aimed to evaluate the association of metabolites with bone, trying to find new metabolic markers that are distinguishing for low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Our study recruited 320 participants, including 138 males and 182 postmenopausal females from the Shanghai area. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), including osteocalcin, PINP and β-CTX, and other biochemical traits were tested. BMD values of the lumber spine (L1–4), femoral neck and total hip were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the serum metabolome profiles including 221 metabolites from five groups (acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and hexose) were assessed by mass spectrometry. Results: No visual separation in the metabolic profiles between different BMD groups was observed in principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. We compared metabolites in three groups with different BMD levels in males and postmenopausal females separately and further filtering these metabolites via random forest-based feature selection, a commonly applied machine learning algorithm which could select the features with the greatest impact on osteoporosis, then metabolites with the highest importance (≥ 5%) (5 in males and 9 in postmenopausal females) were selected to construct better models for osteoporosis classification. After adding these selected metabolites to the model, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves increased significantly (BTMs: AUC 0.729, 95% CI 0.647–0.802, p < 0.0001, model 1: AUC = 0.828, 95% CI 0.754–0.888, p < 0.0001; model 1 versus model of BTMs: p = 0.0158) compared to the AUC of the BTM-only model in males. Similar results were also observed in postmenopausal females (BTMs: AUC = 0.638, 95% CI 0.562–0.708, p = 0.0025; model 2: AUC = 0.741, 95% CI 0.669–0.803, p < 0.0001; model 1 versus model of BTMs: p = 0.0182). Conclusion: Metabolites combined with traditional BTMs tend to better markers for distinguishing osteoporosis in both males and postmenopausal females than BTMs alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We aimed to study the mechanisms involved in bone-related iron impairment by using the osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line. Our results indicate that iron impact the S1P/S1PR signalizing axis and suggest that iron can affect the S1P process and favor the occurrence of osteoporosis during chronic iron overload.Introduction: Systemic iron excess favors the development of osteoporosis, especially during genetic hemochromatosis. The cellular mechanisms involved are still unclear despite numerous data supporting a direct effect of iron on bone biology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize mechanisms involved in the iron-related osteoblast impairment.Methods: We studied, by using the MG-63 cell lines, the effect of iron excess on SPNS2 gene expression which was previously identified by us as potentially iron-regulated. Cell-type specificity was investigated with hepatoma HepG2 and enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell lines as well as in iron-overloaded mouse liver. The SPNS2-associated function was also investigated in MG-63 cells by fluxomic strategy which led us to determinate the S1P efflux in iron excess condition.Results: We showed in MG-63 cells that iron exposure strongly increased the mRNA level of the SPNS2 gene. This was not observed in HepG2, in Caco-2 cells, and in mouse livers. Fluxomic study performed concomitantly on MG-63 cells revealed an unexpected decrease in the cellular capacity to export S1P. Iron excess did not modulate SPHK1, SPHK2, SGPL1, or SGPP1 gene expression, but decreased COL1A1 and S1PR1 mRNA levels, suggesting a functional implication of low extracellular S1P concentration on the S1P/S1PR signalizing axis.Conclusions: Our results indicate that iron impacts the S1P/S1PR signalizing axis in the MG-63 cell line and suggest that iron can affect the bone-associated S1P pathway and favor the occurrence of osteoporosis during chronic iron overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We evaluated trabecular bone score (TBS) and factors affecting TBS in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched adults without diabetes. Adults with T1D had lower TBS compared to controls. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance are associated with lower TBS.Introduction: We evaluated TBS, a non-invasive method to evaluate trabecular bone quality at the lumbar spine, in adults with T1D compared to age-, sex-, and BMI-matched adults without diabetes.Methods: We calculated TBS from adults with T1D (n = 47) and controls (n = 47) who had a lumbar spine dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at their third visit (2006-2009) of the ongoing “Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study.” The linear relationships of TBS and bone mineral density (BMD) with hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, lipids, and insulin resistance were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression was used to test the association of TBS with sex and diabetes while adjusting for other potential confounders.Results: TBS was significantly lower in adults with T1D compared to controls (1.42 ± 0.12 vs 1.44 ± 0.08, p = 0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, current smoking status, and lumbar spine BMD, despite no difference in lumbar spine BMD between the groups. Components of the metabolic syndrome, including diastolic blood pressure, BMI, triglycerides, and insulin resistance were negatively correlated with TBS among patients with T1D.Conclusion: Trabecular bone score, an indirect measurement of trabecular bone quality, was lower in adults with T1D compared to controls. Components of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were associated with lower TBS in adults with T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Dietary patterns may interfere with the efficacy of herbal intervention. Our results demonstrated the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous extract (SMA) on bone metabolism were influenced by levels of dietary fat and sucrose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats through its actions on attenuating lipid deposition and oxidative stress in rats. Introduction: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), also known as Danshen, has been tested as an osteoporosis treatment in a series of small, short human trials that generally report improvements in bone property. However, dietary patterns may interfere with the effects of herbal intervention. We hypothesized that dietary fat and sucrose levels could influence the effects of SM supplementation on bone in estrogen-deficient animals. Methods: Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley sham or OVX rats were fed either a low-saturated fat-sucrose (LFS, a diet that was similar in composition to normal rat chow) or a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and OVX rats were treated (8 rats/group) with SM aqueous extract (SMA, 600 mg/kg/day), 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 12 weeks. Results: SMA significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats, but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. SMA greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. SMA could directly improve the proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an HO-induced preosteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusions: The protective effects of SMA on bone metabolism were influenced by dietary fat and sucrose levels in OVX rats. The ability of SMA to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with the attenuation of lipid deposition and oxidative stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We tested if serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with longitudinal measures of bone mineral density (BMD) in 1289 African ancestry men. After 6 years of mean follow-up, men with clinically optimal levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or triglycerides at baseline experienced the greatest BMD loss, independent of potential confounding factors (all p < 0.05). Introduction: Studies of lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol associations with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss have been inconclusive, and longitudinal data are sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test if fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with areal and volumetric BMD and BMD change. Methods: We determined the association of serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations with cross-sectional and longitudinal (mean follow-up, 6.1 years) measures of BMD in a cohort of 1289 in African ancestry men (mean age, 56.4 years). Fasting serum triglycerides, HDL, and LDL were measured at baseline concurrent with BMD assessments. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to quantify integral hip BMD, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the radius and tibia was used to quantify volumetric BMD. Men were categorized as optimal, borderline, or high risk for triglyceride, HDL, and LDL concentrations based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Results: Lower serum triglyceride or LDL and higher HDL concentrations were associated with lower trabecular BMD at baseline (all p < 0.05). Similarly, men classified as having optimal levels of LDL, HDL, or triglycerides at baseline experienced the greatest integral BMD loss at the hip and trabecular BMD loss at the tibia (all p < 0.05), independent of potential confounding factors. Conclusions: We found that clinically optimal serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were associated with accelerated bone loss among Afro-Caribbean men. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved and potential clinical significance of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study investigated the association between lipid profiles and insulin resistance and bone mineral content (BMC) in Korean adolescents and found that BMC was inversely associated with triglyceride (TG) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). This association did not differ according to obesity status in either boys or girls. Introduction: To prevent future osteoporosis, it is important to identify factors that affect bone health in adolescents as well as adults. This study aimed to examine the association between lipid profiles and insulin resistance and BMC in Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from 706 boys and 621 girls, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011, were analyzed. Lipid profiles were measured, and HOMA-IR was calculated to assess insulin resistance. BMC was measured for the total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine by using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: TG level and HOMA-IR were negatively correlated with BMC at all three sites in boys. In girls, TG level showed a negative correlation with BMC at the femur neck and lumbar spine, and HOMA-IR was negatively associated with BMC at the femur neck only. These inverse associations did not differ according to obesity status in either sex. Adjusted means of BMC at the three sites in boys tended to decrease in the higher tertile groups of TG and HOMA-IR, and the adjusted means of BMC for the total femur in girls tended to decrease in the higher tertile groups of TG and HOMA-IR. Conclusions: BMC was inversely associated with TG and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents, and this association was more pronounced in boys. This association did not differ according to obesity status in either sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]