Search

The authors review knowledge of the clinical, imaging and pathological diagnosis of mastopathy syndrome and the issues of its therapy and care. They observe that no unified nomenclature exists, all the disciplines judge the idea of mastopathy differently. Clinical and imaging diagnosis is uncertain, the correct diagnosis can be established only by the pathologist. The role of surgery is minimal. The precancerous nature of mastopathy is also discussed, the rate of malignant transformation is low. Malignant transformation of benign lesions is very rare. The most important tools are close observation, systematic care of patients by a team of professionals, possibly by the same persons, in the same institute. Further research, and more exact definitions are necessary.

The literature of breast-screening is vastly large, and enlarges by newer publications permanently. This summary can only be confined to publish data, with arbitrary selection. The mass-screening of complaintless and symptomless persons for early recognition of certain illnesses is to be completed according to district-principles, and to preliminarily agreed criteria. The breast-screening started in 1963 with the HIP-study, since then it is underway in a number of countries of the world. In Hungary, this activity started relatively early, in 1969. Circumstances of breast-screening are different in the individual countries. Standpoints of organisation: information, recruiting with the help of family-doctors. With respect to rates of occurrence of the breast-cancer, women between 45-65 years of age are mostly to be screened. The most suitable is the screening in every two years. Data are to be put in computer. The most important method for examination is mammography. About its complementary methods is the most important the ultrasonography. Certificating is always to be made by two physicians. Oncologists are to be in the closest cooperation with cytologists and pathologists. It is suitable, when an interdisciplinary team decides about the fate of patients. The quality-control and product-control of screening is obligatory based on international guidelines. An important idea of screening is the interval-carcinome, a cancer developing between two screening examinations. Mammology is to be performed only by personal trained accordingly for this. Advantage of screening: reducing of mortality by approximately. 30%--with certain differences in countries, with older, then 50 years of age, but it becomes evident after 10 years. The contrary opinions are scientifical, ethical and financial. The cancer-patients are to be observed and followed in their whole life. In this activity everybody may have some role. In the struggle against breast-cancer there is no better solution, than the breast-screening.

A sporadic and a familial case with multiple synostosis (symphalangism syndrome) are described with the demonstration of other symptoms (e.g. fusion of middle ear ossicles with conductive deafness). The differential-diagnosis of about 15 syndromes including symphalangism is discussed.

Authors report about a case of total lack of middle phalanxes on the 3d and 4th fingers and a hypoplasia of the surrounding phalanges on the left hand. This is the first report on this type of intercalary type in congenital limb deficiency group. They call attention to one of the so far not sufficiently emphasized hazard of previous periconceptional oral contraceptive use. If there is not enough time left for the total regeneration after the discontinuation of contraceptives, such kind of malformation may develop in the fetus due to the insufficiency of fetal-placental circulation.

A new heart malformation-brachydactyly syndrome of autosomal dominant origin is described in 9 members of three generations in a Hungarian family.