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Abstract: Introduction and aim: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL gene rearrangement with translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor became the standard frontline therapy. The molecular monitoring is essential. Method: We studied the chronic myeloid leukemia patients at the Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Tg-Mures between 2008 and 2018. Results: We followed 59 patients, median age of 45 years, female : male ratio 1.5 : 1. 80% of the patients were in chronic phase. Sokal score was low in 61%, intermediate 27% and high in 12% of the patients. The median follow-up time was 5 years and 9 months. 59% of the patients reached molecular remission (average time 11 months). The cumulative overall survival was 80% at 5 years and 76% at 10 years. The overall survival according to disease phase was 98%, 85%, 20%; according to Sokal score it was 91%, 66%, 51%. The cumulative progression-free survival was 75% at 5 years and 50% at 10 years. Only 8% of the low risk patients are progressing opposite to 77% of the high risk patients. The cumulative probability to maintain the molecular remission for 5 years is 100%, for 10 years 91% and for 15 years 52%. Conclusion: A rising level of BCR-ABL is an early indication of the loss of response identifying the patients who need close monitoring and therapeutic change. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(2): 67–72.