1. Review of the firefly visual system (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and evolution of the opsin genes underlying color vision
- Author
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Marc A. Branham, Nathan P. Lord, Seth M. Bybee, and Gavin J. Martin
- Subjects
aviation ,Opsin ,genetic structures ,Color vision ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Insect ,Biology ,eye diseases ,Courtship ,aviation.aircraft_model ,Evolutionary biology ,Phylogenetics ,Bioluminescence ,Gene family ,Lampyridae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
Among insects, opsin copy number variation has been shown to be quite diverse. However, within the beetles, very little work on opsins has been conducted. Here, we look at the visual system of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), which offer an elegant system in which to study visual evolution as it relates to their behavior and broader ecology. They are the best-known case of a terrestrial organism that communicates through the use bioluminescence. The molecular basis for this communication is relatively simple: one gene family (opsins) controls the detection of the signal, and one gene family (luciferase) controls the production of the signal. We use a transcriptomic approach to sample for and investigate opsin evolution in fireflies. We also use a phylogenetic estimate of Lampyridae to examine the evolution and ancestral modality of adult courtship communication. We find evidence for only two expressed opsin classes in each of the nine firefly species studied, one in the ultraviolet-sensitive and one in the long-wavelength-sensitive areas of the visible spectrum. Bioluminescent communication in adults is not optimized to be present ancestrally, and was gained two times with six subsequent losses. Despite the need for most adult fireflies to respond to a clearly sexual and colorful visual signal (bioluminescence) to maximize fitness, their visual system is relatively simple, and does not match the trend for opsin duplication found in other insect groups. more...
- Published
- 2015
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