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Objective: Congenital nonvascular neck masses are a challenge in head and neck diagnosis and management. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiologic findings in patients who were diagnosed with congenital nonvascular neck masses., Study Design: All cases of patients with congenital nonvascular neck masses who were treated between 1996 and 2018 were reviewed. The following data were recorded: age, gender, final pathologic diagnosis (thyroglossal duct cysts, branchial cleft cysts, dermoid cysts), side of the lesion, subtype according to branchial arch (for branchial cleft cysts), and need for second surgery., Results: In total, 226 patients were included: 100 with thyroglossal duct cysts, 97 with branchial cysts, and 29 with dermoid cysts. Excision surgery was performed in all cases. Recurrence and subsequent second surgery was necessary in 5 cases., Conclusions: Appropriate knowledge of clinical and epidemiologic data regarding congenital nonvascular neck masses is crucial. Surgical resection is the optimal choice of therapy. Early referral of these patients to a head and neck surgeon is crucial for timely treatment., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The purpose of this European multicenter prospective study was to obtain more precise information about the demographic characteristics and etiologic/epidemiologic patterns of motor vehicle accidents (MVA)-related maxillofacial fractures., Study Design: Of the 3260 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted within the study period, 326 traumas were caused by MVAs with a male/female ratio of 2.2:1., Results: The maximum incidence was found in Zagreb (Croatia) (18%) and the minimum in Bergen (Norway) (0%). The most frequent mechanisms were car accidents, with 177 cases, followed by motorcycle accidents. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible, with 199 fractures, followed by maxillo-zygomatic-orbital (MZO) fractures., Conclusions: In all the 3 groups (car, motorcycle, and pedestrian), mandibular and MZO fractures were the 2 most frequently observed fractures, with some variations. The importance of analyzing MVA-related facial injuries and their features and characteristics should be stressed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the complications and outcomes of surgical treatment of angle fractures managed at departments of maxillofacial surgery in several European countries., Study Design: Patients hospitalized with unilateral isolated angle fractures between 2013 and 2017 were included. The following data were recorded: gender and age of patients, fracture etiology, presence of the third molar, maxillomandibular fixation, osteosynthesis technique, and complications., Results: In total, 489 patients were included in the study. The Champy technique was found to be the most frequently chosen osteosynthesis technique. Sixty complications were observed, at a rate of 12.3%. Complications were associated with the absence of third molars (P < .05). Instead, the Champy technique was associated with fewer complications (P < .05), in comparison with the other adopted techniques., Conclusions: The management of angle fractures still represents a challenging task with a significant complication rate. The Champy technique still seems to be a valid option for the treatment of such injuries., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The anatomy of the head and neck region is complex as are its implications for maxillofacial pathologic conditions and their surgical treatments. We hypothesize that the assessment of the surgical management of orbital floor fractures by using titanium mesh could represent an appropriate first experimental field for the use of the Anatomage Table in maxillofacial surgery., Study Design: Patients with unilateral orbital floor fractures were searched for in the hospital database of Novara University Hospital, Novara, Italy. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography examinations were retrieved and were uploaded in the Anatomage Table device. Then, a workstation was used to create anatomic dissection coronal and sagittal images together with the corresponding computed tomography scans. Finally, 10 maxillofacial surgery residents and young surgeons were involved in the assessment of the images., Results: The young surgeons reported a higher clarity of anatomic dissection images in comparison with computed tomography scans both in preoperative and postoperative images., Conclusions: The fields of application of this new technology are wide and promising, ranging from the education, to the follow-up, to patient informed consent., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: A progressive increase in the number of older patients with head and neck cancer has been observed in the last few years. The aim of this study was to assess our experience in the management of older patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in comparison with younger patients., Study Design: A retrospective review was conducted for all patients admitted and treated for newly diagnosed HNC between January 2008 and December 2012. The clinical characteristics, management approaches, and outcome data were recorded., Results: In total, 316 patients with HNC (232 males, 84 females) were enrolled: 203 (64%) were in the young group, whereas 113 patients (36%) were in the older group. Comorbidities (P < .000005) and stage IV tumors (P < .0005) were more frequently observed in the older group. Treatment options were uniformly distributed within the 2 groups; only radiotherapy alone was more frequently administered in older patients (P < .0005)., Conclusions: Chronologic age should not be a reason to deny appropriate treatments that could prevent death in older patients. A careful pretreatment assessment should always be performed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to present and discuss the results of a European multicentre prospective study about pediatric maxillofacial trauma epidemiology during a year., Study Design: The following data were recorded: gender, age, etiology, site of fracture, date of injury. Of the 3396 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted within the study period, 114 (3.3%) were children aged 15 years and younger, with a male/female ratio of 2.6:1. Mean age was 10.9 years. Most patients (63%) were aged 11-15 years., Results: The most frequent cause of injury was fall (36 patients). Sport injuries and assaults were almost limited to the oldest group, whereas falls were more uniformly distributed in the 3 groups. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible with 47 fractures. In particular, 18 condylar fractures were recorded, followed by 12 body fractures., Conclusions: Falls can be acknowledged as the most important cause of facial trauma during the first years of life. The high incidence of sport accidents after 10 years may be a reason to increase the use of mouthguards and other protective equipment. Finally, the mandible (and in particular the condyle) was confirmed as the most frequent fracture site., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to present and discuss the demographic characteristics and patterns of assault-related maxillofacial fractures as reported by a European multicenter prospective study., Study Design: Demographic and injury data were recorded for each patient who was a victim of an assault., Results: Assaults represented the most frequent etiology of maxillofacial trauma with an overall rate of 39% and the values ranging between 60.8% (Kiev, Ukraine) and 15.4% (Bergen, Norway). The most frequent mechanisms of assault-related maxillofacial fractures were fists in 730 cases, followed by kicks and fists. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible (814 fractures), followed by orbito-zygomatic-maxillary complex fractures and orbital fractures., Conclusions: Our data confirmed the strong possibility that patients with maxillofacial fractures may be victims of physical aggression. The crucial role of alcohol in assault-related fractures was also confirmed by our study., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Soft tissue giant cell tumor (GCT-ST) of low malignant potential, also called primary giant cell tumor of soft tissue, is usually located in the lower extremities and trunk, whereas it is extremely rare in the head and neck region. It is a rare neoplasm involving both superficial and deep soft tissues that mainly affects young to middle-aged adults, presenting as an asymptomatic, well-circumscribed multinodular mass covered by normal skin or with a fleshy red-brown surface when superficially located. The purpose of this article is to report a case of osteoclast-like giant cell tumors of the lip and to review the literature about GCT-STs involving the head and neck region., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Bicycle-related injuries account for an important proportion of road injuries all over the world. As only few reports have focused on the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures sustained in bicycle accidents, the purpose of this study was to present and compare epidemiological data about bicycle-related maxillofacial injuries in two European centers between 2001 and 2010., Methods: Bicycle-related facial fractures occurred in 105 patients (79 males, 26 females) in Turin, with a percentage of 5.77 among all facial fractures, and in 103 patients (55 males, 50 females) in Amsterdam, with a percentage of 19.69., Results: The major risk groups include young people between their first to third decades. The mandible is the most frequently involved facial bone. Among mandibular injuries the most commonly involved site was the condyle., Conclusions: Bicycle-related injuries must be considered an important etiological factor in maxillofacial fractures with typical patterns, such as a peculiar seasonal incidence., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Surgical removal of mandibular deeply impacted third molars may be challenging and could be associated with several possible risks. Intra- or postoperative mandibular fracture during or after third molar extraction is a major though rare complication. Before starting the surgical removal of a mandibular deeply impacted third molar, various predisposing factors of mandibular fracture should be considered and kept in mind: adult age, male sex, deep inclusion, tooth ankylosis, and associated bony pathology. The aim of this article is to report and discuss the surgical management of a mandibular deeply impacted third molar associated with a follicular cyst., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the morbidity of the harvest of the anterior iliac bone graft and the overall satisfaction rates in a group of patients who underwent harvesting of iliac crest bone graft., Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent iliac crest bone graft procedures from January 2002 to August 2009 were recalled and invited to answer a questionnaire about postoperative pain, sensory disturbance, functional limitations, and cosmetic appearance., Results: A total of 61 patients were included in this retrospective study. Seventeen patients (28%) reported postoperative pain. A patient reported an intraoperative hip fracture. Sensory disturbances were reported by 3 patients., Conclusions: Anterior iliac crest can still be considered a favorable donor site for preprosthetic and cleft surgery. Given its relatively low morbidity rate, early ambulation, and hospital discharge, anterior iliac crest still remains the donor site of choice according to the authors., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The removal of mandibular third molars is probably the most frequently performed procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and it is the most common surgical procedure associated with lingual nerve deficit. Lingual sensory impairment remains a clinical problem in oral and maxillofacial surgery and has serious medical and legal implications. In fact, damage to the lingual nerve is a common cause of litigation in dentistry. The purpose of this article was to review the literature about lingual nerve deficit following mandibular third molar removal and discuss the associated medicolegal aspects., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to report our experience in treating patients affected by spreading odontogenic infections and to discuss their management and outcome., Study Design: Demographic and clinical information was collected from hospitalized patient records. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was calculated for 45 randomly selected patients. Statistical analysis was used to search for associations among multiple variables., Results: Statistical analysis of the variance by univariate test found significant associations between a longer hospital stay and patients >30 years old (P < .05) and patients with the presenting symptoms of dysphagia and/or dyspnea (P < .05). Statistical analysis using Fisher exact test found significant associations between patients with a DMFT index >10 and female patients (P < .05), patients >30 years old (P < .005), and a hospital stay >4 days (P < .0005)., Conclusions: Rapid resolution of the infection was appreciated when removal of the cause, drainage of the infection, and intravenous antibiotics were performed., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)