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Objectives Autografts from mandibular symphysis and ramus are often used for bone reconstruction. Based on this, we hypothesized that these sites could be useful cell sources for bone tissue engineering approaches. Thus, our study aimed at evaluating the proliferation and osteoblast phenotype development of cells derived from mandibular symphysis and ramus. Materials and Methods Cells were isolated from bone fragments of four patients by enzymatic digestion and cultured under osteogenic condition for up to 17 days. Cultures were assayed for cell proliferation, gene expression of key bone markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), distal-less homeobox 5 ( DLX5), SATB homeobox 2 ( SATB2), Osterix ( OSX), family with sequence similarity 20, member C ( FAM20C), bone sialoprotein ( BSP), osteopontin ( OPN) and osteocalcin ( OC), alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) expression and activity, and extracellular matrix mineralization. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA or t-test for independent samples when appropriate. Results Cells derived from ramus displayed lower proliferative activity and higher gene expression of Runx2, DLX5, SATB2, OSX, FAM20C, BSP, OPN and OC, ALP protein expression and activity and extracellular matrix mineralization compared with symphysis-derived cells. Conclusion Symphysis and ramus may be considered as cell sources for bone tissue engineering approaches but due to the higher osteogenic potential, ramus-derived cells are more appealing for constructing cell-based biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hypertension disrupts the bone integrity and its repair ability. This study explores the efficiency of a therapy based on the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair bone defects of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)., Methods: First, we evaluated SHR in terms of bone morphometry and differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. Then, the effects of the interactions between MSCs from normotensive rats (NTR-MSCs) cocultured with SHR (SHR-MSCs) on the osteoblast differentiation of both cell populations were evaluated. Also, bone formation into calvarial defects of SHR treated with NTR-MSCs was analyzed., Results: Hypertension induced bone loss evidenced by reduced bone morphometric parameters of femurs of SHR compared with NTR as well as decreased osteoblast differentiation of SHR-MSCs compared with NTR-MSCs. NTR-MSCs partially restored the capacity of SHR-MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, while SHR-MSCs exhibited a slight negative effect on NTR-MSCs. An enhanced bone repair was observed in defects treated with NTR-MSCs compared with control, stressing this cell therapy efficacy even in bones damaged by hypertension., Conclusion: The use of MSCs derived from a heathy environment can be in the near future a smart approach to treat bone loss in the context of regenerative dentistry for oral rehabilitation of hypertensive patients., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)