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The study evaluated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy, domiciliary oral hygiene, of a mouthrinse containing Tea Tree Oil (TTO) comparing it with two mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine 0,12% respectively and essential oils, and a placebo. Materials and methods A pilot study, randomized 4 × 4, controlled, cross-over, double-blind. 16 subjects with gingivitis (7 males and 9 females) aged 21-37 years, were randomly divided into four groups based on mouthwash that had to be used for domiciliary oral hygiene: mouthwash with essential oils, mouthwash with chlorhexidine 0,12 %, mouthwash containig tea tree oil and mouthwash placebo. Clinical evaluation was performed by: Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS), Full Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS), Gingival Index (GI), discolorations, language examination and alteration of taste. The data were recorded before and 2 weeks after treatment. Results Statistical analysis shows that treatments with tea tree oil, essential oils and chlorhexidine are effective. Comparing treatments should be noted that the tea tree oil gives a greater improvement in the GI and FMBS, while it is the least effective in the control of bacterial plaque. Conclusion Although further studies are needed, the anti-inflammatory properties of the mouthwash made from TTO would seem to be a valuable non-toxic adjunct in the management of gingivitis.

Purpose To assess the changes in bacterial profile along the transmucosal path of healing screws placed immediately after insertion of two-piece endosseus implants during the 4-month osseointegration phase, in absence of functional load. Materials and methods Two site-specific samples were collected at the peri-implant mucosa of the healing screws of 80 two-piece implants, for a total of 640 samples. Implants placement was performed following a single protocol with flapless technique, in order to limit bacterial contamination of the surgical site. Identical healing screws (5 mm diameter/4 mm height) were used for each of the 80 implants. During the 4 months of the study, the patients followed a standard oral care regimen with no special hygiene maneuvers at the collection sites. Results The present research documents that during the 4-month period prior to application of function load the bacterial profile of all sites exhibited a clear prevalence of cocci at the interface between implant neck and osteoalveolar crest margin. Conclusions A potentially pathogenic bacterial flora developed only along the peri-implant transmucosal path.

Purpose Evaluate how the spherical glass mega fillers (SGMFs) can positively interfere with light diffusion when incorporated in a composite restoration. Materials and methods 30 samples (Ss) were performed, applying 2 composite layers of 3 mm each: 6 were made with composite only; 6 with a layer of SGMFs of O1.5mm within the first layer of composite; 6 with 2 overlapping layers of SGMFs of O1.5mm; 6 with a layer of SGMFs of O2mm; 6 with 2 overlapping layers of SGMFs of O2mm. The curing time was set at 40s for the first layer, and 120s for the second layer, transilluminated through the first layer. Digital pictures were taken, in standardized settings, during the transillumination, and the light intensity was measured with a digital image analysis software. Results From a lateral view the Ss with a single layer of SGMFs of O1.5mm and O2mm, the relative increments of light intensity, were of 24.37% and 33.33% respectively. Concerning the Ss made with 2 layers of SGMFs, the relative increments were of 67.99% and 66.4% respectively. In front view has emerged a relative increase rate of light intensity of 53.66% and 79.58%, in the Ss with a single layer of SGMFs of O1.5mm and of O2mm respectively. Furthermore, in the Ss with two layers of SGMFs of O1.5mm and O2mm the relative increments were of 267.53 and 319.63% respectively. Conclusion The SGMFs are reliable in facilitating light diffusion within the light-curing composite resins.