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In this short paper we prove a parametric version of the Harnack inequality for \(\phi\)-Laplacian equations. In this sense, the estimates are optimal and represent an improvement of previous bounds for this kind of operators.

We present some formulations of the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein and Black-Scholes formulas for European options obtained through a suitable change of measure, which corresponds to a change of numèraire for the underlying price process. Among other consequences, a closed formula for the price of an European call option at each node of the multi-period binomial tree is achieved, too. Some of the results contained herein, though comparable with analogous ones appearing elsewhere in the financial literature, provide however a supplementary widening and deepening in view of useful applications in the more challenging framework of incomplete markets. This last issue, having the present paper as a preparatory material, will be treated extensively in a forthcoming paper.

In the paper we consider a nonlinear control system governed by the Volterra integral operator. Using a version of the global implicit function theorem we prove that the control system under consideration is well-posed and robust, i.e. for any admissible control \(u\) there exists a uniquely defined trajectory \(x_{u}\) which continuously depends on control \(u\) and the operator \(u\mapsto x_{u}\) is continuously differentiable. The novelty of this paper is, among others, the application of the Bielecki norm in the space of solutions which allows us to weaken standard assumptions.

In this paper, we study semicircular-like elements, and semicircular elements induced by \(p\)-adic analysis, for each prime \(p\). Starting from a \(p\)-adic number field \(\mathbb{Q}_{p}\), we construct a Banach \(*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak{LS}_{p}\), for a fixed prime \(p\), and show the generating elements \(Q_{p,j}\) of \(\mathfrak{LS}_{p}\) form weighted-semicircular elements, and the corresponding scalar-multiples \(\Theta_{p,j}\) of \(Q_{p,j}\) become semicircular elements, for all \(j\in\mathbb{Z}\). The main result of this paper is the very construction of suitable linear functionals \(\tau_{p,j}^{0}\) on \(\mathfrak{LS}_{p}\), making \(Q_{p,j}\) be weighted-semicircular, for all \(j\in\mathbb{Z}\).

In this paper we continue the study of paired-domination in graphs. A paired-dominating set, abbreviated PDS, of a graph \(G\) with no isolated vertex is a dominating set of vertices whose induced subgraph has a perfect matching. The paired-domination number of \(G\), denoted by \(\gamma_{p}(G)\), is the minimum cardinality of a PDS of \(G\). The upper paired-domination number of \(G\), denoted by \(\Gamma_{p}(G)\), is the maximum cardinality of a minimal PDS of \(G\). Let \(G\) be a connected graph of order \(n\geq 3\). Haynes and Slater in [Paired-domination in graphs, Networks 32 (1998), 199-206], showed that \(\gamma_{p}(G)\leq n-1\) and they determine the extremal graphs \(G\) achieving this bound. In this paper we obtain analogous results for \(\Gamma_{p}(G)\). Dorbec, Henning and McCoy in [Upper total domination versus upper paired-domination, Questiones Mathematicae 30 (2007), 1-12] determine \(\Gamma_{p}(P_n)\), instead in this paper we determine \(\Gamma_{p}(C_n)\). Moreover, we describe some families of graphs \(G\) for which the equality \(\gamma_{p}(G)=\Gamma_{p}(G)\) holds.

In this paper, we study the following nonlinear first order partial differential equation: \[f(t,x,u,\partial_t u,\partial_x u)=0\quad\text{with}\quad u(0,x)\equiv 0.\] The purpose of this paper is to determine the estimate of Gevrey order under the condition that the equation is singular of a totally characteristic type. The Gevrey order is indicated by the rate of divergence of a formal power series. This paper is a continuation of the previous papers [Convergence of formal solutions of singular first order nonlinear partial differential equations of totally characteristic type, Funkcial. Ekvac. 45 (2002), 187-208] and [Maillet type theorem for singular first order nonlinear partial differential equations of totally characteristic type, Surikaiseki Kenkyujo Kokyuroku, Kyoto University 1431 (2005), 94-106]. Especially the last-mentioned paper is regarded as part I of this paper.

This note is concerned with the oscillation of third order nonlinear delay differential equations of the form \[\label{*} \left( r_{2}(t)\left( r_{1}(t)y^{\prime}(t)\right)^{\prime}\right)^{\prime}+p(t)y^{\prime}(t)+q(t)f(y(g(t)))=0.\tag{\(\ast\)}\] In the papers [A. Tiryaki, M. F. Aktas, Oscillation criteria of a certain class of third order nonlinear delay differential equations with damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 325 (2007), 54-68] and [M. F. Aktas, A. Tiryaki, A. Zafer, Oscillation criteria for third order nonlinear functional differential equations, Applied Math. Letters 23 (2010), 756-762], the authors established some sufficient conditions which insure that any solution of equation (\(\ast\)) oscillates or converges to zero, provided that the second order equation \[\left( r_{2}(t)z^{\prime }(t)\right)^{\prime}+\left(p(t)/r_{1}(t)\right) z(t)=0\tag{\(\ast\ast\)}\] is nonoscillatory. Here, we shall improve and unify the results given in the above mentioned papers and present some new sufficient conditions which insure that any solution of equation (\(\ast\)) oscillates if equation (\(\ast\ast\)) is nonoscillatory. We also establish results for the oscillation of equation (\(\ast\)) when equation (\(\ast\ast\)) is oscillatory.

In this paper, we provide existence and convergence theorems of common fixed points for left (or right) reversible semitopological semigroups of total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. The results presented in this paper extend and improve some recent results announced by other authors.

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of positive solutions of the following nonlinear elliptic system involving critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent \begin{equation*}\label{eq:1}(*) \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} -\Delta u= \frac{2\alpha}{\alpha+\beta}\frac{u^{\alpha-1}v^\beta}{|x|^s}-\lambda u^p, & \quad {\rm in}\quad \Omega,\\[2mm] -\Delta v= \frac{2\beta}{\alpha+\beta}\frac{u^\alpha v^{\beta-1}}{|x|^s}-\lambda v^p, & \quad {\rm in}\quad \Omega,\\[2mm] u\gt 0, v\gt 0, &\quad {\rm in}\quad \Omega,\\[2mm] u=v=0, &\quad {\rm on}\quad \partial\Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where \(N\geq 4\) and \(\Omega\) is a \(C^1\) bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) with \(0\in\partial\Omega\). \(0\lt s \lt 2\), \(\alpha+\beta=2^*(s)=\frac{2(N-s)}{N-2}\), \(\alpha,\beta\gt 1\), \(\lambda\gt 0\) and \(1 \lt p\lt \frac{N+2}{N-2}\). The case when 0 belongs to the boundary of \(\Omega\) is closely related to the mean curvature at the origin on the boundary. We show in this paper that problem \((*)\) possesses at least a positive solution.

The topic of this paper is the hat problem in which each of \(n\) players is uniformly and independently fitted with a blue or red hat. Then everybody can try to guess simultaneously his own hat color by looking at the hat colors of the other players. The team wins if at least one player guesses his hat color correctly, and no one guesses his hat color wrong; otherwise the team loses. The aim is to maximize the probability of winning. In this version every player can see everybody excluding himself. We consider such a problem on a graph, where vertices correspond to players, and a player can see each player to whom he is connected by an edge. The solution of the hat problem on a graph is known for trees and for cycles on four or at least nine vertices. In this paper first we give an upper bound on the maximum chance of success for graphs with neighborhood-dominated vertices. Next we solve the problem on unicyclic graphs containing a cycle on at least nine vertices. We prove that the maximum chance of success is one by two. Then we consider the hat problem on a graph with a universal vertex. We prove that there always exists an optimal strategy such that in every case some vertex guesses its color. Moreover, we prove that there exists a graph with a universal vertex for which there exists an optimal strategy such that in some case no vertex guesses its color. We also give some Nordhaus-Gaddum type inequalities.

The theorems on the estimates of solutions for nonlinear second-order partial differential functional equations of parabolic type with Dirichlet's condition and for suitable implicit finite difference functional schemes are proved. The proofs are based on the com- parison technique. The convergent and stable difference method is considered without the assumption of the global generalized Perron condition posed on the functional variable but with the local one only. It is a consequence of our estimates theorems. In particular, these results cover quasi-linear equations. However, such equations are also treated separately. The functional dependence is of the Volterra type. The aim of the paper is to prove theorems on the estimates of solutions for non- linear second-order partial differential functional equations of parabolic type with Dirichlet's condition and for generated by them implicit finite difference functional schemes. We also give the applications of the results. More precisely, we prove the theorem on the convergence of a difference method to a classical solution for the differential functional problem, which by the given estimates, may be treated in the subspace C (,R) ⊂ C (,R), where R ⊂ R is an interval. It is a new idea in area of nonlinear implicit difference methods which was studied for explicit methods by K. Kropielnicka and L. Sapa (14). This considerably extends the class of problems which are solvable by the described method. Therefore, the Lipschitz, Perron or generalized Perron conditions posed onf with respect toz need not be global, inC (,R), as in the papers due to M. Malec, Cz. Mączka, W. Voigt, M. Rosati and L. Sapa (15-19,24,25)

The paper is devoted to investigation of operators of transition and the corresponding decompositions of Krein spaces. The obtained results are applied to the study of relationship between solutions of operator Riccati equations and properties of the associated operator matrix \(L\). In this way, we complete the known result (see Theorem 5.2 in the paper of S. Albeverio, A. Motovilov, A. Skhalikov, Integral Equ. Oper. Theory 64 (2004), 455-486) and show the equivalence between the existence of a strong solution \(K\) (\(\|K\|\lt 1\)) of the Riccati equation and similarity of the \(J\)-self-adjoint operator \(L\) to a self-adjoint one.

The main purpose of this paper is by using a new hybrid projection iterative algorithm to prove some strong convergence theorems for a family of quasi-\(\phi\)-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. The results presented in the paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by some authors.

In quantum field theory it is believed that the spontaneous decay of excited atomic or molecular level is due to the interaction with continuum of field modes. Besides, the atom makes a transition from upper level to lower one so that the probability to find the atom in the excited state tends to zero. In this paper it will be shown that the mathematical model in single-photon approximation may predict another behavior of this probability generally. Namely, the probability to find the atom in the excited state may tend to a nonzero constant so that the atom is not in the pure state finally. This effect is due to that the spectrum of the complete Hamiltonian is not purely absolutely continuous and has a discrete level outside the continuous part. Namely, we state that in the corresponding invariant subspace, determining the time evolution, the spectrum of the complete Hamiltonian when the field is considered in three dimensions may be not purely absolutely continuous and may have an eigenvalue. The appearance of eigenvalue has a threshold character. If the field is considered in two dimensions the spectrum always has an eigenvalue and the decay is absent.

In this paper, we fix \(N\)-many \(l^2\)-Hilbert spaces \(H_k\) whose dimensions are \(n_{k} \in \mathbb{N}^{\infty}=\mathbb{N} \cup \{\infty\}\), for \(k=1,\ldots,N\), for \(N \in \mathbb{N}\setminus\{1\}\). And then, construct a Hilbert space \(\mathfrak{F}=\mathfrak{F}[H_{1},\ldots,H_{N}]\) induced by \(H_{1},\ldots,H_{N}\), and study certain types of operators on \(\mathfrak{F}\). In particular, we are interested in so-called jump-shift operators. The main results (i) characterize the spectral properties of these operators, and (ii) show how such operators affect the semicircular law induced by \(\bigcup^N_{k=1} \mathcal{B}_{k}\), where \(\mathcal{B}_{k}\) are the orthonormal bases of \(H_{k}\), for \(k=1,\ldots,N\).

In this paper we define a new class of continuous fractional wavelet transform (CFrWT) and study its properties in Hardy space and Morrey space. The theory developed generalize and complement some of already existing results.

Seymour's second neighborhood conjecture states that every simple digraph without loops or 2-cycles contains a vertex whose second neighborhood is at least as large as its first. In this paper we show, that from falsity of Seymour's second neighborhood conjecture it follows that there exist strongly-connected counterexamples with both low and high density (dense and sparse graph). Moreover, we show that if there is a counterexample to conjecture, then it is possible to construct counterexample with any diameter \(k\geq 3\).

A vertex colouring \(f:V(G)\to C\) of a graph \(G\) is complete if for any two distinct colours \(c_1, c_2 \in C\) there is an edge \(\{v_1,v_2\}\in E(G)\) such that \(f(v_i)=c_i\), \(i=1,2\). The achromatic number of \(G\) is the maximum number \(\text{achr}(G)\) of colours in a proper complete vertex colouring of \(G\). In the paper it is proved that \(\text{achr}(K_6 \square K_7)=18\). This result finalises the determination of \(\text{achr}(K_6 \square K_q)\).

The crossing number \(\mathrm{cr}(G)\) of a graph \(G\) is the minimum number of edge crossings over all drawings of \(G\) in the plane. The main aim of the paper is to give the crossing number of the join product \(W_4+P_n\) and \(W_4+C_n\) for the wheel \(W_4\) on five vertices, where \(P_n\) and \(C_n\) are the path and the cycle on \(n\) vertices, respectively. Yue et al. conjectured that the crossing number of \(W_m+C_n\) is equal to \(Z(m+1)Z(n)+(Z(m)-1) \big \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \big \rfloor + n+ \big\lceil\frac{m}{2}\big\rceil +2\), for all \(m,n \geq 3\), and where the Zarankiewicz's number \(Z(n)=\big \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \big \rfloor \big \lfloor \frac{n-1}{2} \big \rfloor\) is defined for \(n\geq 1\). Recently, this conjecture was proved for \(W_3+C_n\) by Klešč. We establish the validity of this conjecture for \(W_4+C_n\) and we also offer a new conjecture for the crossing number of the join product \(W_m+P_n\) for \(m\geq 3\) and \(n\geq 2\).

In this paper we deal with the following problem \[\begin{cases}-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\left[ \left( a+b\int\limits_{\, \Omega }\left\vert \partial _{i}u\right\vert ^{p_{i}}dx\right) \partial _{i}\left( \left\vert \partial _{i}u\right\vert ^{p_{i}-2}\partial _{i}u\right) \right]=\frac{f(x)}{u^{\gamma }}\pm g(x)u^{q-1} & in\ \Omega, \\ u\geq 0 & in\ \Omega, \\ u=0 & on\ \partial \Omega, \end{cases}\] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded regular domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\). We will assume without loss of generality that \(1\leq p_{1}\leq p_{2}\leq \ldots\leq p_{N}\) and that \(f\) and \(g\) are non-negative functions belonging to a suitable Lebesgue space \(L^{m}(\Omega)\), \(1\lt q\lt \overline{p}^{\ast}\), \(a\gt 0\), \(b\gt 0\) and \(0\lt \gamma \lt 1.\)

In this paper the quasilinearization method is extended to finite systems of Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations of order \(0\lt q\lt 1\). Existence and comparison results of the linear Riemann-Liouville fractional differential systems are recalled and modified where necessary. Using upper and lower solutions, sequences are constructed that are monotonic such that the weighted sequences converge uniformly and quadratically to the unique solution of the system. A numerical example illustrating the main result is given.

Let \(G\) be a graph and \(f:V (G)\rightarrow P(\{1,2\})\) be a function where for every vertex \(v\in V(G)\), with \(f(v)=\emptyset\) we have \(\bigcup_{u\in N_{G}(v)} f(u)=\{1,2\}\). Then \(f\) is a \(2\)-rainbow dominating function or a \(2RDF\) of \(G\). The weight of \(f\) is \(\omega(f)=\sum_{v\in V(G)} |f(v)|\). The minimum weight of all \(2\)-rainbow dominating functions is \(2\)-rainbow domination number of \(G\), denoted by \(\gamma_{r2}(G)\). Let \(G_1\) and \(G_2\) be two copies of a graph G with disjoint vertex sets \(V(G_1)\) and \(V(G_2)\), and let \(\sigma\) be a function from \(V(G_1)\) to \(V(G_2)\). We define the functigraph \(C(G,\sigma)\) to be the graph that has the vertex set \(V(C(G,\sigma)) = V(G_1)\cup V(G_2)\), and the edge set \(E(C(G,\sigma)) = E(G_1)\cup E(G_2 \cup \{uv ; u\in V(G_1), v\in V(G_2), v =\sigma(u)\}\). In this paper, \(2\)-rainbow domination number of the functigraph of \(C(G,\sigma)\) and its complement are investigated. We obtain a general bound for \(\gamma_{r2}(C(G,\sigma))\) and we show that this bound is sharp.

This paper deals with the determination of an initial condition in the degenerate two-dimensional parabolic equation \[\partial_{t}u-\mathrm{div}\left(a(x,y)I_2\nabla u\right)=f,\quad (x,y)\in\Omega,\; t\in(0,T),\] where \(\Omega\) is an open, bounded subset of \(\mathbb{R}^2\), \(a \in C^1(\bar{\Omega})\) with \(a\geqslant 0\) everywhere, and \(f\in L^{2}(\Omega \times (0,T))\), with initial and boundary conditions \[u(x,y,0)=u_0(x,y), \quad u\mid_{\partial\Omega}=0,\] from final observations. This inverse problem is formulated as a minimization problem using the output least squares approach with the Tikhonov regularization. To show the convergence of the descent method, we prove the Lipschitz continuity of the gradient of the Tikhonov functional. Also we present some numerical experiments to show the performance and stability of the proposed approach.

A complete \(3\)-uniform hypergraph of order \(n\) has vertex set \(V\) with \(|V|=n\) and the set of all \(3\)-subsets of \(V\) as its edge set. A \(t\)-cycle in this hypergraph is \(v_1, e_1, v_2, e_2,\dots, v_t, e_t, v_1\) where \(v_1, v_2,\dots, v_t\) are distinct vertices and \(e_1, e_2,\dots, e_t\) are distinct edges such that \(v_i, v_{i+1}\in e_i\) for \(i \in \{1, 2,\dots, t-1\}\) and \(v_t, v_1 \in e_t\). A decomposition of a hypergraph is a partition of its edge set into edge-disjoint subsets. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a decomposition of the complete \(3\)-uniform hypergraph of order \(n\) into \(p\)-cycles, whenever \(p\) is prime.

In this paper, we prove the existence of a unique weak solution for a class of fractional systems of Schrödinger equations by using the Minty-Browder theorem in the Cartesian space. To this aim, we need to impose some growth conditions to control the source functions with respect to dependent variables.

In this paper we complete the study started in [P. Pucci, L. Temperini, Existence for (p,q) critical systems in the Heisenberg group, Adv. Nonlinear Anal. 9 (2020), 895–922] on some variants of the concentration-compactness principle in bounded PS domains \(\Omega\) of the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb{H}^n\). The concentration-compactness principle is a basic tool for treating nonlinear problems with lack of compactness. The results proved here can be exploited when dealing with some kind of elliptic systems involving critical nonlinearities and Hardy terms.

In this paper we prove the existence of a positive and a negative ground state weak solution for the following class of fractional \(p&q\)-Laplacian problems \[\begin{aligned} (-\Delta)_{p}^{s} u + (-\Delta)_{q}^{s} u + V(x) (|u|^{p-2}u + |u|^{q-2}u)= K(x) f(u) \quad \text{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N},\end{aligned}\] where \(s\in (0, 1)\), \(1\lt p\lt q \lt\frac{N}{s}\), \(V: \mathbb{R}^{N}\to \mathbb{R}\) and \(K: \mathbb{R}^{N}\to \mathbb{R}\) are continuous, positive functions, allowed for vanishing behavior at infinity, \(f\) is a continuous function with quasicritical growth and the leading operator \((-\Delta)^{s}_{t}\), with \(t\in \{p,q\}\), is the fractional \(t\)-Laplacian operator.

In this paper we consider the semilinear wave equation with the multiplication of logarithmic and polynomial nonlinearities. We establish the global existence and finite time blow up of solutions at three different energy levels (\(E(0)\lt d\), \(E(0)=d\) and \(E(0)\gt 0\)) using potential well method. The results in this article shed some light on using potential wells to classify the solutions of the semilinear wave equation with the product of polynomial and logarithmic nonlinearity.

In this paper, we present some new sufficient conditions for oscillation of even order nonlinear neutral difference equation of the form \[\Delta^m(x_n+ax_{n-\tau_1}+bx_{n+\tau_2})+p_nx_{n-\sigma_1}^{\alpha}+q_nx_{n+\sigma_2}^{\beta}=0,\quad n\geq n_0\gt0,\] where \(m\geq 2\) is an even integer, using arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. Examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

In this paper, we study semicircular elements and circular elements in a certain Banach \(*\)-probability space \((\mathfrak{LS},\tau ^{0})\) induced by analysis on the \(p\)-adic number fields \(\mathbb{Q}_{p}\) over primes \(p\). In particular, by truncating the set \(\mathcal{P}\) of all primes for given suitable real numbers \(t\lt s\) in \(\mathbb{R}\), two different types of truncated linear functionals \(\tau_{t_{1}\lt t_{2}}\), and \(\tau_{t_{1}\lt t_{2}}^{+}\) are constructed on the Banach \(*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak{LS}\). We show how original free distributional data (with respect to \(\tau ^{0}\)) are distorted by the truncations on \(\mathcal{P}\) (with respect to \(\tau_{t\lt s}\), and \(\tau_{t\lt s}^{+}\)). As application, distorted free distributions of the semicircular law, and those of the circular law are characterized up to truncation.

Let \(R\) be a commutative ring and \(M\) be a Noetherian \(R\)-module. The intersection graph of annihilator submodules of \(M\), denoted by \(GA(M)\) is an undirected simple graph whose vertices are the classes of elements of \(Z_R(M)\setminus \text{Ann}_R(M)\), for \(a,b \in R\) two distinct classes \([a]\) and \([b]\) are adjacent if and only if \(\text{Ann}_M(a)\cap \text{Ann}_M(b)\neq 0\). In this paper, we study diameter and girth of \(GA(M)\) and characterize all modules that the intersection graph of annihilator submodules are connected. We prove that \(GA(M)\) is complete if and only if \(Z_R(M)\) is an ideal of \(R\). Also, we show that if \(M\) is a finitely generated \(R\)-module with \(r(\text{Ann}_R(M))\neq \text{Ann}_R(M)\) and \(|m-\text{Ass}_R(M)|=1\) and \(GA(M)\) is a star graph, then \(r(\text{Ann}_R(M))\) is not a prime ideal of \(R\) and \(|V(GA(M))|=|\text{Min}\,\text{Ass}_R(M)|+1\).

The main purposes of this paper are to study the direct and inverse spectral problems of the one-dimensional Dirac operators with nonlocal potentials. Based on informations about the spectrum of the operator, we find the potential and recover the form of the Dirac system. The methods used allow us to reduce the situation to the one-dimensional case. In accordance with the given assumptions and conditions we consider problems in a specific way. We describe the spectrum, the resolvent, the characteristic function etc. Illustrative examples are also given.

In this paper, consensus of a leader-following problem is investigated. The leader-following problem describes a dynamics of the leader and a number of agents. The trajectory of the leader is given. The dynamics of each agent depends on the leader trajectory and others agents' inputs. Here, the leader-following problem is modeled by a system of nonlinear equations with Caputo fractional derivative, which can be rewritten as a system of Volterra equations. The main tools in the investigation are the properties of the resolvent kernel corresponding to the Volterra equations, and Schauder fixed point theorem. By study of the existence of an asymptotically stable solution of a suitable Volterra system, the sufficient conditions for consensus of the leader-following problem are obtained.

Global well-posedness and finite time blow up issues for some strongly damped nonlinear wave equation are investigated in the present paper. For subcritical initial energy by employing the concavity method we show a finite time blow up result of the solution. And for critical initial energy we present the global existence, asymptotic behavior and finite time blow up of the solution in the framework of the potential well. Further for supercritical initial energy we give a sufficient condition on the initial data such that the solution blows up in finite time.

An edge product cordial labeling is a variant of the well-known cordial labeling. In this paper we characterize graphs admitting an edge product cordial labeling. Using this characterization we investigate the edge product cordiality of broad classes of graphs, namely, dense graphs, dense bipartite graphs, connected regular graphs, unions of some graphs, direct products of some bipartite graphs, joins of some graphs, maximal \(k\)-degenerate and related graphs, product cordial graphs.

A set $D$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is a dominating set of $G$ if every vertex in $V_G-D$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $D$. The domination number (upper domination number, respectively) of a graph $G$, denoted by $\gamma(G)$ ($\Gamma(G)$, respectively), is the cardinality of a smallest (largest minimal, respectively) dominating set of $G$. A subset $D\subseteq V_G$ is called a certified dominating set of $G$ if $D$ is a dominating set of $G$ and every vertex in $D$ has either zero or at least two neighbors in $V_G-D$. The cardinality of a~smallest (largest minimal, respectively) certified dominating set of $G$ is called the certified upper certified, respectively domination number of $G$ and is denoted by $\gamma_{\rm cer}(G)$ ($\Gamma_{\rm cer}(G)$, respectively). In this paper relations between domination, upper domination, certified domination and upper certified domination numbers of a graph are studied., Comment: 4 figures, 15 pages

The main purpose of this paper is to improve recent oscillation results for the second-order half-linear delay differential equation \[\left(r(t)\left(y'(t)\right)^\gamma\right)'+q(t)y^\gamma(\tau(t))= 0, \quad t\geq t_0,\] under the condition \[\int_{t_0}^{\infty}\frac{\text{d} t}{r^{1/\gamma}(t)} \lt \infty.\] Our approach is essentially based on establishing sharper estimates for positive solutions of the studied equation than those used in known works. Two examples illustrating the results are given.

In this paper, sufficient conditions for oscillation of the second order differential equations with several sublinear neutral terms are established. The results obtained generalize and extend those reported in the literature. Several examples are included to illustrate the importance and novelty of the presented results.

In this paper we prove large and moderate deviations principles for the recursive kernel estimators of a distribution function defined by the stochastic approximation algorithm. We show that the estimator constructed using the stepsize which minimize the Mean Integrated Squared Error (MISE) of the class of the recursive estimators defined by Mokkadem et al. gives the same pointwise large deviations principle (LDP) and moderate deviations principle (MDP) as the Nadaraya kernel distribution estimator.

In this paper, improved oscillation conditions are established for the oscillation of all solutions of differential equations with non-monotone deviating arguments and nonnegative coefficients. They lead to a procedure that checks for oscillations by iteratively computing \(\lim \sup\) and \(\lim \inf\) on terms recursively defined on the equation's coefficients and deviating argument. This procedure significantly improves all known oscillation criteria. The results and the improvement achieved over the other known conditions are illustrated by two examples, numerically solved in MATLAB.

We study the existence and uniqueness of the backward stochastic variational inequalities driven by \(m\)-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \(H_k\) (\(k=1,\ldots m\)) greater than \(1/2\). The stochastic integral used throughout the paper is the divergence type integral.

In this paper we prove the stability of the zero equilibria of two systems of difference equations of exponential type, which are some extensions of an one-dimensional biological model. The stability of these systems is investigated in the special case when one of the eigenvalues is equal to -1 and the other eigenvalue has absolute value less than 1, using centre manifold theory. In addition, we study the existence and uniqueness of positive equilibria, the attractivity and the global asymptotic stability of these equilibria of some related systems of difference equations.

A set \(S\) of cycles is minimal unavoidable in a graph family \(\cal{G}\) if each graph \(G \in \cal{G}\) contains a cycle from \(S\) and, for each proper subset \(S^{\prime}\subset S\), there exists an infinite subfamily \(\cal{G}^{\prime}\subseteq\cal{G}\) such that no graph from \(\cal{G}^{\prime}\) contains a cycle from \(S^{\prime}\). In this paper, we study minimal unavoidable sets of cycles in plane graphs of minimum degree at least 3 and present several graph constructions which forbid many cycle sets to be unavoidable. We also show the minimality of several small sets consisting of short cycles.

In this paper, we study operator theory on the \(*\)-algebra \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{P}}\), consisting of all measurable functions on the finite Adele ring \(A_{\mathbb{Q}}\), in extended free-probabilistic sense. Even though our \(*\)-algebra \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{P}}\) is commutative, our Adelic-analytic data and properties on \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{P}}\) are understood as certain free-probabilistic results under enlarged sense of (noncommutative) free probability theory (well-covering commutative cases). From our free-probabilistic model on \(A_{\mathbb{Q}}\), we construct the suitable Hilbert-space representation, and study a \(C^{*}\)-algebra \(M_{\mathcal{P}}\) generated by \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{P}}\) under representation. In particular, we focus on operator-theoretic properties of certain generating operators on \(M_{\mathcal{P}}\).

A potential vector field is a solution of an extended WDVV equation which is a generalization of a WDVV equation. It is expected that potential vector fields corresponding to algebraic solutions of Painleve VI equation can be written by using polynomials or algebraic functions explicitly. The purpose of this paper is to construct potential vector fields corresponding to more than thirty non-equivalent algebraic solutions.

In this paper, we give two upper bounds for the extended energy of a graph one in terms of ordinary energy, maximum degree and minimum degree of a graph, and another bound in terms of forgotten index, inverse degree sum, order of a graph and minimum degree of a graph which improves an upper bound of Das et al. from [On spectral radius and energy of extended adjacency matrix of graphs, Appl. Math. Comput. 296 (2017), 116-123]. We present a pair of extended equienergetic graphs on \(n\) vertices for \(n\equiv 0(\text{mod } 8)\) starting with a pair of extended equienergetic non regular graphs on \(8\) vertices and also we construct a pair of extended equienergetic graphs on \(n\) vertices for all \(n\geq 9\) starting with a pair of equienergetic regular graphs on \(9\) vertices.

The maximum order of partition of the vertex set \(V(G)\) into hub sets is called hubtic number of \(G\) and denoted by \(\xi(G)\). In this paper we determine the hubtic number of some standard graphs. Also we obtain bounds for \(\xi(G)\). And we characterize the class of all \((p,q)\) graphs for which \(\xi(G)=p\).

The paper continues the interesting study of the domination subdivision number and the domination multisubdivision number. On the basis of the constructive characterization of the trees with the domination subdivision number equal to 3 given in [H. Aram, S.M. Sheikholeslami, O. Favaron, Domination subdivision number of trees, Discrete Math. 309 (2009), 622-628], we constructively characterize all connected unicyclic graphs with the domination multisubdivision number equal to 3. We end with further questions and open problems.

In the actuarial literature, many authors have studied estimation of the reinsurance premium for heavy tailed i.i.d. sequences, especially for the Proportional Hazard (PH) due to Wang. The main aim of this paper is to extend this estimation for heavy tailed dependent sequences satisfying some mixing dependence structure. In this study we prove that the new estimator is asymptotically normal. The behavior of the estimator is examined using simulation for MA(1) process.

In this paper, we investigate the processes of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a symmetric matrix valued process \(X_{t}\), where \(X_{t}\) is the solution of a general SDE driven by a \(G\)-Brownian motion matrix. Stochastic differential equations of these processes are given. This extends results obtained by P. Graczyk and J. Malecki in [Multidimensional Yamada-Watanabe theorem and its applications to particle systems, J. Math. Phys. 54 (2013), 021503].