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A transparent Tm:Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 ceramic is fabricated by solid-state reactive sintering at 1830 °C for 30 h using commercial α-Al 2 O 3 and Lu 2 O 3 /Tm 2 O 3 powders and sintering aids - MgO and TEOS. The ceramic belongs to the cubic system and exhibits a close-packed structure (mean grain size: 21 µm). The in-line transmission at ∼1 µm is 82.6%, close to the theoretical limit. The spectroscopic properties of the ceramic are studied in detail. The maximum stimulated-emission cross-section is 2.37×10 -21 cm 2 at 1749nm and the radiative lifetime of the 3 F 4 state is about 10 ms. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory accounting for configuration interaction is applied to determine the transition probabilities of Tm 3+ , yielding the intensity parameters Ω 2  = 2.507, Ω 4  = 1.236, Ω 6  = 1.340 [10 -20 cm 2 ] and α = 0.196×10 -4 cm. The effect of excited configurations on lower-lying interconnected states with the same J quantum number is discussed. First laser operation is achieved under diode-pumping at 792 nm. A 4 at.% Tm:Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 ceramic laser generated 3.12 W at 2022-2035nm with a slope efficiency of 60.2%. The ceramic is promising for multi-watt lasers at >2 µm.

We compare for the first time the influence of different Yb:YAG gain media on the performance of a large-area, high average-power laser system with an output energy of up to 6 J. Monocrystalline slabs grown by a new technique without central growth defect are compared with ceramics. Small signal gain, maximum output energy and thermal lensing are compared for ceramic slabs with co-sintered amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) absorber cladding, monocrystalline slab with and without optically bonded ASE absorber cladding, and surface structured monocrystalline slabs. We show that these large monocrystals with optically bonded absorber cladding have similar performance to cladded ceramics, so far the only material for high-energy Yb:YAG lasers.

A novel method to shape the intensity distribution within an unstable laser cavity is demonstrated. This method is characterized by inscribing a tailored gain profile generated by a spatially tophat-shaped longitudinal pump beam into the gain medium. The mode shaping mechanism is still effective with zero output coupling. Therefore, this method enables to operate unstable laser cavities in cavity dump mode or as a regenerative amplifier. The theoretical background is described by means of geometrical optics, and operation of a prototype setup using cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG is demonstrated. The system produces 13ns pulses with 285 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, with an extraction efficiency of 35 %. Successful cavity dump operation is demonstrated with 110 mJ output energy.

We report on the first erbium (Er 3+ ) doped double tungstate waveguide laser. As a gain material, we studied a monoclinic Er 3+ :KLu(WO 4 ) 2 crystal. A depressed-index buried channel waveguide formed by a 60 µm-diameter circular cladding was fabricated by 3D femtosecond direct laser writing. The waveguide was characterized by confocal laser microscopy, µ-Raman and µ-luminescence mapping, confirming that the crystallinity of the core is preserved. The waveguide laser, diode pumped at 981 nm, generated 8.9 mW at 1533.6 nm with a slope efficiency of 20.9% in the continuous-wave regime. The laser polarization was linear (E || N m ). The laser threshold was at 93 mW of absorbed pump power.

We study cryogenic laser operation of an Yb-doped KLu(WO 4 ) 2 crystal pumped with a volume Bragg grating (VBG) stabilized diode laser at 981 nm. In the continuous wave laser regime, a maximum output power of 4.31 W is achieved at 80 K with a slope efficiency of 44.0% with respect to the incident pump power. Using a 85% initial transmission Cr:YAG crystal for passive Q-switching, an average output power of 2.11 W is achieved at 100 K for a repetition rate of 19 kHz. The pulse energy, pulse duration and peak power amount to 111 µJ, 231 ns and 0.48 kW, respectively.

The wavelength dependence of magneto-optic properties of TGG ceramics, including the Verdet constant, has been investigated experimentally. The previously obtained Verdet constant of 36.4 rad/Tm for 1064 nm wavelength and 139.6 rad/Tm for 633 nm are in good agreement with presented white light measurements . The comparison with previously reported Verdet constant and absorption coefficient values for TGG single crystal has shown very similar results. These results lead to the conclusion that TGG ceramics is a very good alternative to TGG single crystal and is a powerful approach for realizing large-aperture optical isolators which are required in high-average-power laser systems.

We illustrate the benefits of a thin, low pressure helium cell for efficient and safe heat removal in cryogenically-cooled active mirror laser amplifiers operating in the [100 J-1 kJ]/[1-10 Hz] range. A homogeneous gain medium temperature distribution averaging 160 K is obtained with a sub-mm helium-filled gap between the gain medium and a copper plate at 77 K. A significant degree of flexibility for tuning the temperature in the amplifier can be achieved by varying the pressure of the helium gas in the 10(2) to 10(5) Pa range.