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We have proposed an ultracompact mode-division (de)multiplexer ((de)MDMUX) based on an asymmetrical directional coupler (ADC) with SiO 2 top cladding, where a taper-etched silicon wire and a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) are used. By carefully selecting the structural dimensions, TE 0 mode from the input port 1 (I 1) is gradually coupled into the wide multimode waveguide (MMW) and then transformed to TE 1 mode while that from the input port 2 (I 2) just passes through the bar branch and outputs directly, forming an efficient two-mode (de)multiplexer. With the aid of the HPW as well as the taper-etched wire, coupling length is reduced and fabrication tolerance is enlarged to some extent. From the results, such device has a total length of only 17. 1 μ m with a short coupling length of 4. 1 μ m , and it provides a low crosstalk (CT) of -25.6 (-27.7) dB and a low insertion loss (IL) of 0.51 (0.04) dB at the wavelength of 1. 55 μ m when TE 0 mode is input in the I 1 (I 2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A silicon-based horizontal multiple-slotted waveguide with slanted sidewalls is analyzed by using a full-vectorial mode solver based on the finite element method. The results show that the mode classification of the present waveguide structures is different from that of the conventional ones (e.g., typical rib waveguides, optical fibers), both symmetric and anti-symmetric fundamental (and higher-order) quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes exist due to the strong coupling of high-index silicon layers. The field distributions, effective indexes, and optical field confinement factors, both in quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes, as functions of the top width and sidewalls angle of the waveguides, and the refractive index and thickness of the slots are investigated in detail, where the single-mode regime, non-birefringence condition, and maximum optical confinement factor are obtained. From the numerical results, a single-mode waveguide structure for fundamental symmetric quasi-TM modes with the power confinement factor of 80% and the normalized power density of 120μm−2 is achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A full-vectorial mode solver in terms of the transverse magnetic field components for optical waveguides with transverse anisotropy is described by using the multidomain spectral collocation method based on Chebyshev polynomials. The waveguide cross section surrounded by the perfectly matched layers is divided into suitable number of homogeneous rectangles, and then connected with by imposing the continuities of the longitudinal field components at the dielectric interfaces shared by the adjacent rectangles, resulting in a generalized matrix eigenvalue problem. To validate the established method, results of an anisotropic square waveguide and a magnetooptic rib waveguide are presented and compared with those from the full-vectorial finite difference method, full-vectorial beam propagation method, and the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A full-vectorial (FV) analysis of optical dielectric waveguide bends by using finite difference (FD) method in terms of magnetic field components is developed in a local cylindrical coordinate system. The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions via the complex coordinate stretching technique are incorporated into the FV wave equations for effectively demonstrating the leaky nature of waveguide bends, and a six-point FD scheme is constructed to approximate the cross-coupling terms for improving the convergent behavior. The leaky modes of a typical rib waveguide bend are calculated and the complex propagation constants and the field patterns for TE- and TM-like modes are obtained. Solutions are good agreement with those from the film mode matching method, which shows the validity and utility of the established method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A compact wavelength demultiplexer is designed for the operation at 1.30 and 1.55μm wavelengths using the three-dimensional semi-vectorial beam propagation method. The parabolically tapered multimode interference (MMI) coupler based on the deep-etched SiO2/SiON rib waveguide is introduced into the present demultiplexer for reducing the length. The numerical results show that a MMI section of 330.0μm in length, which is only 76% length of a straight MMI coupler, is achieved with the contrasts of 42.3 and 39.2dB in quasi-TE mode, and 38.4 and 37.8dB in quasi-TM mode at wavelengths 1.30 and 1.55μm, respectively and the insertion losses below 0.2dB. The modified finite difference scheme is applied to approximate the resulting equations along the transverse directions, in which the discontinuities of the derivatives of magnetic field components H y and H x along the vertical and horizontal interfaces, respectively, are involved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A modified full-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method based on H-fields in solving the guided-modes for optical waveguides with step-index profiles is described. The propagation is split into two substeps. In the first substep, the field propagates in the absence of the cross-coupling terms, and then they are evaluated and double used in the second substep. An improved six-point finite-difference scheme is constructed to approximate the cross-coupling terms along the transverse directions. By using the imaginary-distance procedure, the field patterns and the normalized propagation constants of the fundamental modes for a buried rectangular waveguide and rib waveguide are presented, and the hybrid nature of the full-vectorial guided-modes is demonstrated. Solutions are in good agreement with the benchmark results from film mode matching method, which tests the validity and utility of the present method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The mapped Galerkin method in solving the full-vector and quasi-vector wave equations in terms of transverse magnetic fields (H-formulation) for optical waveguides with step-index profiles is described. By transforming the whole x–y space onto a unit square and using two-dimensional Fourier series expansion, the modal distributions and propagation constants for optical waveguides are obtained in the absence of boundary truncation. Results for step-index circular fiber, buried rectangular waveguide, and optical rib waveguide are presented. Solutions are good agreed with exact solutions and numerical results by using vector nonlinear iterative method, Fourier operator transform method, and vector beam propagation method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An ultracompact mode-order converting power splitter using a multimode interference (MMI) coupler with subwavelength gratings (SWGs) is proposed for mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength. Two symmetric oblique SWG-wires are embedded in the central input-region that is connected with the input waveguide. As a result, the input TE 0 mode is evenly coupled from the input waveguide into the MMI coupler due to the adiabatical mode evolution, and then two desired TE 1 modes are formed via self-imaging effect and further guided into the two output channels. Additionally, tapered structures and straight SWG wires are introduced into the two output channels to better obtain the required phase difference for the improvement of converting efficiency. Consequently, both TE 0 -to-TE 1 mode-order converting and power splitting, for the first time, are attained simultaneously in the present single device. Moreover, TE 0 -to-TE 2 power splitting can be readily achieved by flexibly changing the dimensions of the proposed device. Results show that a compact device length of 7 μ m with an insertion loss (IL) of 0.41 dB, a conversion efficiency (CE) of 99% and a crosstalk (CT) of -19.77 dB is obtained at the wavelength of 2 μ m; its bandwidth can be enlarged to 220 nm for IL < 0.79 dB and CE> 91%. Besides, fabrication tolerances are addressed and mode propagation profiles are illustrated. • Power splitting and mode-order conversion simultaneously in an individual component. • The total length of the proposed device power is only 7 microns. • The operating bandwidth can be enlarged to 220 nm. • The fabrication tolerances are large enough for fabrication. • The proposed device has the advantages of flexibility and expansibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact and polarization-independent three-guide power splitter using subwavelength gratings (SWGs) on the SOI platform is proposed and analyzed in detail, where the SWG structures are located at both sides of the central input waveguide and the inner sides of the two outside waveguides. The introduced SWG structures can effectively enhance the coupling strength for TE mode, while that for TM mode is hardly affected. Consequently, by carefully choosing the structural parameters, the input TE mode can be evenly coupled from the central input waveguide to the outside waveguides, with the same coupling length for TM mode, thus a polarization-independent power splitter is realized. Results show that a compact power splitter of 8.5 μ m in coupling length is achieved with an insertion loss (IL) of 0.1 dB (0.085 dB) and reflection loss (RL) of −39 dB (−46 dB) for TE (TM) mode at the wavelength of 1. 55 μ m , and the operation bandwidth is up to 170 nm (from 1.48 to 1. 65 μ m) when IL <0.8 dB, RL <−20 dB and splitting ratio (SR) ∼ 1.001 for both polarizations. In addition, fabrication tolerances to the key structural parameters are presented and field evolution through the device is illustrated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]