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In this paper, we propose a security enhanced double random phase encoding (DRPE) encryption system against common ciphertext only attacks (COA). We point out one common weakness of COA schemes that the cracked plaintext image is usually in wrong circularly shifting positions and flipping status. Regarding to this weakness, an extra security layer (either optical or digital) cascaded with the DRPE system is constructed using a hidden key in our work. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed system has significantly better security strength against COA than conventional DRPE system.

An optical information authentication system using binary holography is proposed recently, with high security, flexibility and reduced cipher-text size. Despite the success, we point out one limitation of this system that it cannot well verify scaled and rotated versions of correct images and simply regard them as wrong images. In fact, this limitation generally exists in many other optical authentication systems. In this paper, a preprocessing method based Fourier transform and log polar transform is employed to allow the optical authentication systems shift, rotation and scale invariant. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms the existing method.

A digital hologram can be employed as a host image for image watermarking applications to protect information security. Past research demonstrates that a gray level intensity image can be embedded into a binary Fresnel hologram by error diffusion method or bit truncation coding method. However, the fidelity of the retrieved watermark image from binary hologram is generally not satisfactory, especially when the binary hologram is contaminated with noise. To address this problem, we propose a JPEG–BCH encoding method in this paper. First, we employ the JPEG standard to compress the intensity image into a binary bit stream. Next, we encode the binary bit stream with BCH code to obtain error correction capability. Finally, the JPEG–BCH code is embedded into the binary hologram. By this way, the intensity image can be retrieved with high fidelity by a BCH–JPEG decoder even if the binary hologram suffers from serious noise contamination. Numerical simulation results show that the image quality of retrieved intensity image with our proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art work reported.

In optical encryption systems, speckle noise is one major challenge in obtaining high quality decrypted images. This problem can be addressed by employing a QR code based noise-free scheme. Previous works have been conducted for optically encrypting a few characters or a short expression employing QR codes. This paper proposes a practical scheme for optically encrypting and decrypting a gray-scale image based on QR codes for the first time. The proposed scheme is compatible with common QR code generators and readers. Numerical simulation results reveal the proposed method can encrypt and decrypt an input image correctly.

We propose and experimentally investigate types of silicon ring reflectors on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) platform. These reflectors are used for realizing the silicon hybrid external cavity lasers. A suspended edge coupler is used to connect the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) chip and the reflectors. The properties of the reflectors and the hybrid external cavity lasers with these reflectors are illustrated. The experimental results show that all of those reflectors have a high reflectivity and the highest reflectivity can up to be 95%. The lowest insertion loss can be as low as 0.4 dB. The output power of the hybrid external cavity lasers with these reflectors can reach mW magnitude and the highest output power is 6.1 mW. Over 30 dB side mode suppression ratio is obtained.

A novel method for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a small core and cladding diameters thinned fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using singlemode-multimode-thinned-multimode-singlemode (SMTMS) fiber structure is proposed. Experiments indicate that the selected two interference orders have sensitivities of −16.1936 nm/RIU and 0.0534 nm/°C, and −23.0473 nm/RIU and 0.0575 nm/°C, respectively, among RI range from 1.3325–1.3720 and temperature range from 22 °C–82 °C. We can thus use the coefficient matrix of these two peaks to simultaneously determine the surrounding refractive index and temperature. The fabrication is easy, safe and cost effective, includes only the fusion splicing, making the device properly attractive for practical sensor applications.

Transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal with two nonlinear defects were investigated based on the nonlinear transfer matrix method. From the inspection of the optical bistabilities around different defect modes, it was found that the threshold of bistability for the bonding mode is always lower than that for the anti-bonding mode. When intensity of the incident wave increases bistability could happen at any wavelength larger than the resonance wavelength of the linear anti-bonding mode in the gap. The threshold of bistability increases initially with the wavelength, then decreases sharply in reaching the resonance wavelength of the linear bonding mode. The coupling behavior of the two defects was also discussed, and it was found that the threshold of bistability increases with the distance between the two defects. A flat spectrum similar to that formed in the photonic crystal molecules was obtained under certain incident intensity.

We reveal that for a realistic system, interference effects are obtained such as the suppression of central line and inner sidebands and the narrowing of the outer fluorescence sidebands. For this purpose, we consider a spontaneous decay from an excited state to a metastable state when the excited and metastable states are resonantly coupled to an auxiliary metastable state by a laser field and a microwave field, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum evolves from a five-peaked structure into a doublet of ultrasharp lines as the ratio of the laser field Rabi frequency to the microwave Rabi frequency is decreased. The physical origin is presented in terms of dressed states.

Bichromatic and trichromatic manipulation of spontaneous emission in a three-level system in Λ configuration is studied on the basis of density matrix equation and quantum regression theorem. The spontaneous emission spectrum is numerically calculated by using harmonic expansion and matrix inversion. Two characteristic features are shown. Firstly, the central resonance peak, which is absent in the case of monochromatic excitation, is recovered for the bichromatic or trichromatic excitation. Secondly, selective elimination of the spectral lines is obtained by varying the amplitudes and phases of the trichromatic components. For the phase dependence, it is the sum of the relative phases of the two sideband components to the central component that plays a crucial role. The spontaneous emission spectrum is drastically modified once the sum phase is changed, but is kept unchanged regardless of the respective phases when the sum phase is fixed.

In this paper, extensive experimental results on broad-band double cladding Er 3+ –Yb 3+ co-doped superfluorescent fiber sources (SFSs), characterizing their output power, mean wavelength, and bandwidth (BW) stability with variations of pump power, pump wavelength, and fiber temperature, have been reported. For a 55-cm fiber, SFS power from 3.7755 (maximum BW condition of more than 80 nm) to 9.1837 mW (maximum power condition, BW is about 34 nm) has been achieved. The SFS mean wavelength dependence on pump wavelength is highly pump temperature sensitive, and can be reduced to zero in a chosen pump temperature field. The intrinsic variation of the SFS mean wavelength λ m with fiber temperature is also measured, and a linear variation from 15 to 45 °C with a slop of −0.053 nm/°C for L f = 100 cm and −0.04 nm/°C for L f = 55 cm is found.

Properly designed sampling function of a sampled Bragg grating can produce an equivalent chirp profile within reflection bands with non-zero Fourier orders. This method has the advantage that various equivalent chirp profiles can be achieved while the phase mask used in the fabrication process needs not to have any chirp. The principle of this method is demonstrated by the fabrication of a sampled fiber Bragg grating with a linear equivalent chirp profile using a uniform-period phase mask.