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Microlenses (MLs) and microlens arrays (MLAs) have been fabricated by various manufacturing methods for use in many important micro-optical applications. It is still difficult for most fabricated MLs to meet design requirements, especially in displays, image-processing, illumination, and field of view (FOV) of imaging fields. Thus, flexible biconvex MLAs are preferred. Fabrication methods of flexible biconvex MLAs are complex, time-consuming, and costly. In this paper, we show that a method combining inkjet-printing and imprint-lithography is effective in fabricating flexible biconvex MLAs. Optimal flexible biconvex MLA fabrication conditions are determined by examining the pertinent parameters, including the preparation and testing of photoresist, the principle of the composite imprint-lithography process, and the alignment of biconvex MLAs during the imprint process. Finally, the main optical characterizations of flexible biconvex MLAs are tested, and the results indicate good optical quality. The results of the current study demonstrate that flexible biconvex MLAs can be used for the display and FOV of imaging fields.

Challenges remain regarding the defogging of the microlens array when it is applied to endoscopy, displays, camera lenses. A facile and convenient method of fabricating defogging microlens arrays directly on a substrate using electric field-driven jet printing is presented. By directly printing the microlenses and conducting silver wires onto the same substrate, we realized a microlens array (MLA) for defogging after electrification. The as-prepared defogging MLA exhibits homogeneous and stable heating performance. Furthermore, the practical applicability of defogging MLA is successfully demonstrated through an imaging and defogging test (MLA area: 18 * 9 mm, defogging time: 25 s, voltage: 3 V). This letter will provide a new and simple solution for the fabrication of micro-optical devices applied to foggy environments.