1. Innovative optical pH sensors for the aquaculture sector: Comprehensive characterization of a cost-effective solution.
- Author
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Lopes, Guilherme, Cennamo, Nunzio, Zeni, Luigi, Singh, Ragini, Kumar, Santosh, Fernandes, António J.S., Costa, Florinda, Pereira, Sónia O., and Marques, Carlos
- Subjects
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OPTICAL sensors , *OPTICAL fiber detectors , *PLASTIC optical fibers , *OPTICAL fibers , *FIBER Bragg gratings , *ULTRAVIOLET lasers , *FIREPLACES - Abstract
• Optical fiber sensor for pH measurement as low-cost solution. • pH sensitive material as polyaniline using synthetic oxidative polymerization on optical fiber surface. • Transition between protonated and deprotonated polyaniline increasing RI of the layer as the pH increases. • FBGs inscribed by UV laser in tapering fiber and D-shaped fiber as optical solution. • Sensors with good reproducibility and repeatability with excelent sensitivities for tapers and D-shape fibers. Optical fiber sensors show potential for monitoring multiple parameters essential to the growth and health of fish, particularly the pH value of the aquaculture medium. Two types of optical fiber sensors, using tapered silica single mode fibers with a Bragg grating inscribed and D-shaped plastic optical fibers (home-made and reused) were produced. A pH-sensitive layer made of polyaniline (PANI) was deposited on the optical fibers' surface. The sensors demonstrated reproducibility and repeatability with a sensitivity of −0.22 ± 0.02 dB/pH, −472 ± 9 Counts/pH, and −(26 ± 2) × 102 Counts/pH for tapers, D-shape home-made, and reused, respectively, but only for increasing pH. Stabilization time tests indicated that a minimum of 60 s is required for a stable response, with no significant cross-sensitivities regarding temperature and ionic strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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