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Soft X-ray and vacuum ultraviolet optical system has the imaging performance of plane-symmetric optical system, this paper propose a design method of this kind of optical systems based on the third-order aberration theory of plane-symmetric optical system. First, applying the aberration expressions to calculate all kinds of wave aberrations of every optical element of optical system and building the wave aberration equilibrium equations, and we propose to apply self-adaptive variation probability genetic optimization algorithm to solve them to obtain the initial structure parameters. Second, the evaluation function of imaging performance of optical system is studied and the corresponding expression is given, and then we use the same algorithm discussed in the above for solve the function. Finally, the design method discussed in this paper is applied to design a soft X-ray and vacuum ultraviolet optical system consisting of double elements and its imaging results before and after the optimization are compared and analyzed; and it will verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper. The results show that the design method provides an effective measure for design soft X-ray and vacuum ultraviolet optical system and has a strong practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During endoscopic surgery, the operation accuracy can be improved if the endoscope system provides 3D information. In this paper, an adaptor lens is presented for a commercial 2D endoscope to generate stereoscopic images. The function of the adaptor lens is verified in this study, and we prove the adaptor lens can be compatible with an arbitrary rigid 2D endoscope system even if its original imaging lens specifications are unknown. The prototype adaptor lens kit, which was utilized to verify the basic idea, includes two commercial plastic lens modules. Furthermore, an optimized design of the adaptor lens system is also presented. The optical features of the optimized adaptor lens kit was analyzed via the ray-tracing software Zemax. The field of view (FOV) of the optimized adaptor lens system is 70°, and the dispersion of the optimized adaptor lens is small enough to be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we discuss a new method to optimize the design of an omnidirectional gaze optical imaging system with ultrahigh resolution and long focus. An aspheric diffractive optical element is used in the optical system to offer more freedom, simplify the structure, and decrease the chromatic aberration. Owing to large image sensor arrays, the omnidirectional gaze photoelectric imaging system is capable of overcoming the shortcoming of low peripheral resolution. This has led to an increased usage of this system in military applications. Here, we describe a six-piece optical system installed on an 80 MPx full-frame CCD with 10,320 × 7752 pixels, 5.2 μm pixel size, 200° × 360° field of view, and an effective focal length of 11.6 mm. The difficulties in designing an ultrahigh-resolution fish-eye lens have been discussed and addressed. Furthermore, system performance evaluation, tolerance analysis, and image distortion calibration were also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The floating 3D display system based on Tessar array and directional diffuser screen is proposed. The directional diffuser screen can smoothen the gap of lens array and make the 3D image’s brightness continuous. The optical structure and aberration characteristics of the floating three-dimensional (3D) display system are analyzed. The simulation and experiment are carried out, which show that the 3D image quality becomes more and more deteriorative with the further distance of the image plane and the increasing viewing angle. To suppress the aberrations, the Tessar array is proposed according to the aberration characteristics of the floating 3D display system. A 3840 × 2160 liquid crystal display panel (LCD) with the size of 23.6 inches, a directional diffuser screen and a Tessar array are used to display the final 3D images. The aberrations are reduced and the definition is improved compared with that of the display with a single-lens array. The display depth of more than 20 cm and the viewing angle of more than 45° can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a catadioptric infrared dual band optical system based on catadioptric configuration and optically passive athermal design method. The system shares primary mirror, secondary mirror and collimating lens group, and achieves abruption in longwave infrared and midwave infrared using a dichroic beam splitter. The influence of temperature on optical parameters, the design theory and design method are analyzed. A design example is presented. The detailed optimization design method and some considering factors in engineering design moment are discussed. The design results illustrate that the system can obtain good image quality in environment temperature of 10-40 °C, which could satisfy the design requirement. The actual test result not only satisfies the design requirement, but also validates the availability of the method in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt to show one of the approaches for starting hybrid miniature objectives using freeform and binary surfaces is presented. An example for a wide-angle objective with DOE is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical designs for astronomy involve implementation of active optics and adaptive optics from X-ray to the infrared. Developments and results of active optics methods for telescopes, spectrographs and coronagraph planet finders are presented. The high accuracy and remarkable smoothness of surfaces generated by active optics methods also allow elaborating new optical design types with high aspheric and/or non-axisymmetric surfaces. Depending on the goal and performance requested for a deformable optical surface analytical investigations are carried out with one of the various facets of elasticity theory: small deformation thin plate theory, large deformation thin plate theory, shallow spherical shell theory, weakly conical shell theory. The resulting thickness distribution and associated bending force boundaries can be refined further with finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a new method for multi-mirror optics design. The system includes several mirror groups that will be designed separately to fulfil the designer's needs. The elements of individual mirror group are all spherical mirrors. The radii and separations of the all spherical mirror groups can be calculated by three conditions: the pupil-stop condition, the non-obstruction condition and the conjugate condition. The connected mirror groups could be optimized as a whole optics by gradual optimization process, and the final optics includes high order aspheric mirrors. The all sphere structure design method is effective to reduce the load of calculation and evaluation of the configurations. The gradual optimization method can help the objective achieve high imaging performance smoothly. Finally we got a NA 0.3 EUVL objective, and the mean wavefront error of 0:0287λ (RMS) is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optical design with a pyramid prism array is employed to simultaneously capture four images. The apex angle design of an upper and lower prism array is to form the upper and the lower images of the object. The design of the left and right prism array is to develop the left and right images. In the prism array, the unwanted image can be eliminated by blacken process in the plane gap between each prism. The optical design was based on the pyramid prism array and a single-lens to make the system light, portable and low-cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses on free-form tooling in illumination optics, with focus on simultaneous multiple surfaces (SMS) design method in 3D version. It says that the free form nature of optical surfaces provides additional degrees of freedom which can be used to solve a problem with some advantages over symmetric design. Strategies for free-form design methods include numerical optimization, and direct methods which include generalized Cartesian ovals, SMS, and Monge-Amphere equation.

The article discusses the proposed extended optimization method for a miniature light emitting diode (LED) pocket-sized projection display. Control factors with three different levels of the LED are carefully selected with the help of interactive optimization. The optimal design parameters are confirmed to show that performance characteristics achieve the best levels. Also, Taguchi method and principal component analysis optimizes and minimizes the LED pocket-sized projection display system.

The article presents a study on 2 x zoom ratio telecentric projector lens design for 1080 P high definition television with minimum 8000K color temperature. In this study, the lens design samples center on the application of a projector with a 1080 P digital micromirror device (DMD) system. Moreover, the optimal calculation of lateral chromatic aberration through genetic algorithm (GA) was employed in this research.

Prefaced with a brief description of the state of the art in computer aided lens design optimization, this paper reports a prophylactic strategy to obtain global or quasiglobal optimum solutions for this nondeterministic polynomial (NP) time hard problem. For the synthesis of multicomponent lens systems, a top down approach is employed first to obtain paraxial and central aberration targets for the constituent thin components. Central aberrations of a component are the aberrations when stop is on the component. Suitable structural designs for the individual components are determined by evolutionary programming. Overall systems synthesized with these quasiglobally optimum components are reoptimized by local optimization algorithms. Illustrative numerical results on the second step of the design procedure are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The function of a hologram computer-aided design tool which the authors have developed are extended to handle both designing and analyzing holograms illuminated by a two or three-dimensional white-light image. The ability to search for an optimum image plane is also now possible. HOE lenses illuminated by multiple point-sources and by a point-source with a certain spectral bandwidth are designed and analyzed using the extended functions. Accuracy and usefulness of the functions are demonstrated from the results of the design and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fresnel lens is one of the most extensively studied components in both classical and integrated optics. This structure is free from axial spherical aberration, but is heavily affected by both off-axis and chromatic aberrations. The latter can be compensated by introducing a refractive component, whose chromatic behavior is the opposite of that of the diffractive lens. This hybrid refractive-diffractive structure, however, is not able to deal effectively with off-axis aberrations, namely, with coma. In this work, a novel methodology for the design of corrected hybrid lenses is proposed which allows for correction of both chromatism and coma. The design method is based on a ray-optics variational approach which provides a range of possible achromatic solutions. An optimization procedure is performed by means of a series of beam propagation method numerical calculations which make it possible to simulate the lens operation and thus to find the best solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An acute retroreflector having dihedral angles of 45, 60 and 90 deg exactly reflects incident rays in the opposite direction. Beam pattern or wave front of the reflected light of the acute retroreflector can be controlled by tuning dihedral angles. We present here a new method for calculating the reflected wave front of the acute retroreflector, in which the wave front is calculated with high accuracy and in a shorter calculation time than by the conventional ray trace method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elements decentering and tilting in an axisymmetric optical system breaks this symmetry and the casual aberrations in the image plane look different. Study of the character and value of the decentering influence on the optical system image quality is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of an ultra-thin artificial apposition compound eye which is based on the concept of cylindrical micro-doublets (CMD). It states that the basic concept of apposition compound eye is presented through the evaluation CMD's optical performance in three different refractive indexes. Furthermore, it concludes that the better optical performance of apposition compound eye configuration (AACE) can be achieved by optimizing the CMD with OSLO Premium Edition 6.2.

Beam-shaping optics are used in optical pick-up units to improve the optical power efficiency of the light path. In this paper a flexible method is presented to design beam-shaping optics with aspherical surfaces transforming the intensity profile of the light beam into any desired profile. The method is applied to a collimator lens that transforms a Gaussian beam profile to a flat top. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]