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Objective: To evaluate the effect of autologous serum application for epithelial disorders in neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).Design: Retrospective, noncomparative case series.Participants: Fourteen eyes of 11 patients with NK seen at Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, were studied.Intervention: Twenty percent topical autologous serum eye drops were applied 5 to 10 times daily until resolution of the NK. Patients underwent routine ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp examination, corneal fluorescein dye testing, Cochet-Bonnet corneal sensitivity (Luneau, France), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements before and at the end of the treatment. Moreover, serum samples from 10 healthy volunteers were studied for the levels of substance P (SP), insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1), and nerve growth factor (NGF) by using radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Tear samples from 3 healthy subjects also were analyzed for NGF and IGF-1 levels by the same techniques.Main outcome measures: The changes in corneal disease state, corneal sensitivity, and BCVA with treatment were evaluated. The levels of neural healing factors like SP, IGF-1, and NGF in serum as well as NGF and IGF-1 in tears of healthy subjects also were examined.Results: The epithelial disorders healed completely in all eyes within 6 to 32 days (mean, 17.1±8.0 days), with a decrease in corneal scarring. The mean pretreatment corneal sensitivity was 11.8±11.6 mm, which increased to 30.0±22.9 mm after treatment at the last follow-up. Five eyes attained normal corneal sensitivity with treatment. The BCVA improved by >2 Landolt lines in 78.6% of the eyes. The mean concentrations of SP in diluted and undiluted serum were 31.4±8.4 pg/ml and 157.0±42.1 pg/ml, respectively. The mean respective concentrations of IGF-1 in diluted and undiluted serum were 31.4±14.8 ng/ml and 157.0±73.9 ng/ml. The mean concentrations for NGF were 93.6±63.5 pg/ml and 468.3±317.4 pg/ml in serum samples with and without dilution, respectively. The mean concentration of NGF in tears was found to be 54 pg/ml. Insulinlike growth factor 1 was not detected in tears in this study.Conclusions: Autologous serum harbors neurotrophic factors. Autologous serum treatment may provide neural healers to the compromised ocular surface and seems promising for the restoration of the ocular surface epithelial integrity in patients with NK. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of periocular warming on accommodation amplitude and near vision after prolonged near work in visual display terminal (VDT) workers in an office setting. Design: Prospective interventional observational case series. Participants: Ten healthy Japanese male volunteers (mean age, 39.3±2 years [range, 36–43]) with a best distance corrected visual acuity (VA) of >20/20 who performed near work for 7 hours were included in the study. Main Outcome Measures: The differences of subjective and objective accommodations, near acuity, and pupil diameters were compared and studied in 2 experimental settings with and without periocular warming. Methods: Two experiments were performed on each subject on 2 different days. In one experiment, the subjects wore an eye mask and closed their eyelids for 10 minutes after 7 hours of VDT work (lid closure [LC] group). In the other experiment, the subjects applied warming sheets (WSs) to their eyelids and the periocular region and wore masks for 10 minutes again after 7 hours of VDT work (WS group). Visual display terminal work was performed under the same settings on both days. Subjective and objective accommodations, near vision, and pupil diameters were measured immediately before and immediately after the resting or warming procedure and again 90 minutes after the resting or warming procedures. Results: Fifty percent of eyes had an increase in the accommodation amplitude of at least 0.5 diopters immediately after application of the WSs. Forty percent of eyes still maintained the accommodation amplitude level at 90 minutes. The mean near logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA immediately after application of WSs and at 90 minutes significantly improved relative to the near acuity values after simple eyelid closure. Conclusion: Periocular warming was found to be associated with increases in subjective and objective accommodations, with a concomitant improvement in near VA. Periocular warming with disposable WSs is a simple and effective method of increasing near work-related ergonomy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]