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This study compared a visual ranked scoring system and a radiographic ranked scoring system for occlusal caries detection with the level of infection of dentin. Seventy-five third-molars, designated for extraction, were professionally cleaned. Caries was scored according to a visual ranked scoring system at a selected site in the groove-fossa system. Radiographs of the teeth were available and caries was recorded along a five-point ranked scoring system. Each tooth was extracted and hemi-sectioned through the investigation site under aseptic conditions. A burful of dentin was removed from the EDJ of one of the section faces and these samples were processed to establish the level of dentin infection. The depth of the lesion was assessed on the other section face using a five-point ranked histological scoring system. A strong relationship was observed between the histological lesion depth and visual score (r(s)=0.93) while a moderate relationship was seen between lesion depth and radiographic scores (r(s)=0.77). The dentin from teeth with cavities exposing dentin was heavily infected. The dentin from teeth with microcavities or grey discoloration of the dentin was less infected than the lesions with frank cavitation (score 4) (p0.05, t-test), but more infected than the initial lesions (p0.05, t-test). The latter lesions showed minimal infection. A similar tendency was seen with respect to increasing radiographic scores and the level of infection of the dentin.