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BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor causing the aberrant melanin pigments leading to skin hyperpigmentation. Retinoic acid and hydroquinone are the primary preference for the skin whitening agents in preventing hyperpigmentation. However, these treatments could induce slight-to-severe irritation leading to skin cancer. Mangosteen peel possesses α-mangostin, the primary constituent of xanthones in mangosteen peel that has potency as an anti-tyrosinase for treating issues of skin hyperpigmentation. AIM: This study aims to demonstrate the capacity of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract-based cream in inhibiting the UVB radiation-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 female guinea pigs were used to produce UVB-irradiated skin hyperpigmentation model. Guinea pig skins were treated with 12% mangosteen ethyl acetate extract-based cream. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor activity was used to evaluate the capacity of mangosteen extract in inhibiting tyrosinase activity in vitro. The melanin index in guinea pig skin after treatments was analyzed using a mexameter. The percentage of epidermal melanin-contained keratinocytes of skin tissues were analyzed using masson fontana. Pmel17 expression in cell surface was determined using immunohistochemistry. The level of tyrosinase in tissue homogenates was analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract showed potent inhibitory activity against the mushroom tyrosinase. Its-based cream decreased melanin index, epidermal melanin, Pmel17 expression, and tyrosinase level in hyperpigmentation skin tissues. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study demonstrates the capacity of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract-based cream in inhibiting the UVB radiation-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pig.

BACKGROUND: Recently, sepsis has become a serious problem worldwide. There are many studies trying to find the etiologies of morbidity and mortality of sepsis. One of them is the damage of endothelial glycocalyx layer, which can lead to an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level and a decrease in platelets. This damage can be prevented by administering albumin; unfortunately, it is costly. Therefore, an alternative albumin is required. Channa striata extract albumin has been found to be relatively effective in increasing serum albumin levels. However, studies on its effectiveness are still limited. Hence, we analyzed this channa striata extract albumin in stabilizing PAI-1 and platelet levels of septic patients. AIM: This study analyzed channa striata extract albumin in stabilizing PAI-1 and platelet levels of septic patients. METHODS: We conducted a randomized control experimental study in patients with sepsis hospitalized at Dr Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. The samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. These patients were allocated into two groups, the albumin extract of channa striata, and human albumin 20% (the control) groups. We examined the PAI-1 and platelet levels on the 1st and 3rd days. We used Mann–Whitney test for statistical analysis with p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were 21 subjects in each group of channa striata (study) and human albumin (control). The increase of PAI-1 level in the study group (0.36 ng/ml) was lower than that of in control group (0.72 ng/ml). More subjects in study group experienced decreased PAI-1 level (n = 5) than those in control group (n = 3), the decrease more profound in control group (p = 0.004) than study group (p = 0.054). The decrease of platelet level was also greater in study group (22 × 103/mcl) than that of in control group (1 × 103.md) despite insignificant difference (p = 0.364 and p = 0.468). CONCLUSION: The administration of channa striata extract effective in stabilizing PAI-1 level in sepsis patient and also had potential benefit as human albumin in stabilizing platelet levels of septic patients.

Introduction: Exercise has been believed to be an important step in treating and preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus complications. The circadian rhythm influences systems in the body, including antioxidants in the human body. By synchronizing exercise with exercise time, it will maximize the benefits of exercise for health. Aim: Examining the effect of morning and afternoon exercise on increasing antioxidants and improving oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Methods: Twenty-two T2DM patients were randomly assigned to morning and afternoon exercise groups. The exercise treatment in this study was in the form of diabetes Persadia gymnastic, for 10 weeks. All participants were taken venous blood before exercise and after the tenth week. The data examined consisted of GPx-1 (Glutathione Peroxidase-1) and MDA (malodialdehyde). The pre and post data were statistically processed using a comparative test. Results: After 10 weeks of exercise, GPx-1 levels increased significantly in both groups (p

Mice used as experimental animals in the laboratory belong to the genus Mus, subfamily Murinae, family Muridae, superfamily Muroidea, order Rodentia, and class M. musculus , these mice are also referred to as home mice. Mice have been used as standard animals in toxicology, teratology, and carcinogenesis tests, even today, mice have also been used for behavioral, neurologic, nutritional, genetic, immunological, infectious, metabolic, and degenerative disease studies. Animal models of sepsis with intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been widely used for sepsis research. LPS induces systemic inflammation that mimics the early phase of sepsis. LPS injection causes kidney injury, including a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, an increase in blood urea nitrogen, and an increase in neutrophil infiltration in the kidney. The injectable dose of LPS can be titrated to mimic early sepsis without hemodynamic compromise, which has been useful for studying the systemic and renal responses. The response during the early phase of sepsis is that doses of LPS are usually used to induce systemic hypotension and decrease glomerular perfusion, whereas low doses of LPS do not cause systemic hypotension but still decrease glomerular perfusion. There are several advantages of LPS compared to others, namely, the method used is simple and the model is very controlled and standardized. The dose of endotoxin that causes 50% mortality in mice is 1–25 mg/kg. In this study, mice were given intraperitoneal injection of LPS at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg BW. LPS injection was given to the positive control group and treatment group 1, treatment group 2, and treatment group 3 at the start of the study.

Background: Prolonged skin exposure to ultraviolet light rays leads to photoaging, which is characterized molecularly by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell apoptosis, and a decrease in collagen. Photoaging therapy has been a challenge until recently. Fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) light proved to be a good model for photoaging skin. They are also the primary dermal cells that stimulate collagen production and extracellular matrix (ECM), which contribute to skin aging. Exo-HUVEC is rich in growth factors, cytokines, and miRNAs, and they all play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication. The migration of fibroblasts is crucial for the development, repair, and regeneration of skin tissue during the repair of skin aging. Objective: An in vitro experimental study was conducted to analyze the effect of Exo-HUVEC on oxidative stress levels, cell apoptosis, and fibroblast migration rate after UVB ray exposure on fibroblasts. Methods: The fibroblast cultures were divided into five groups, including one without UVB exposure, one with UVB exposure, and one with UVB+Exo-HUVEC exposure at 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%, respectively. Oxidative stress levels were measured using the ELISA test for malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis using PI/Annexin markers, while a scratch assay examination was used to measure fibroblast migration rate using imaging readings. Results: There were significant differences in the levels of MDA, PI/Annexin, and the rate of fibroblast migration between the UVB-irradiated control group and the Exo-HUVEC treatment group (p

Introduction: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic skin disease which is characterized by recurrent scales on skin. The global prevalence of this disease has increased in ten years. Plumbagin is an active compound in the P. zeylanica Linn. Some recent studies revealed that P. zeylanica Linn extracts have the antiproliferative activity, which is used for treatment of some human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigated the effect of Chloroform extract of P. zeylanica Linn roots (CEP) on epidermal thickness of Imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice. Methods: This was a post-test only control group design. A total of 42 male BALB/c mice was divided into six groups. Mice in treatment groups orally received 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight CEP, respectively while positive control orally received 1 mg/kg body weight Methotrexate for seven days. Evaluation of epidermal thickness based on histological changes, serum IL-23 level by ELISA, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, Cyclin A, and Caspase-3 expressions by immunohistochemistry. Results: Administrations of CEP decreased the epidermal thickness of psoriatic plaques in all treatment groups (p = 0.002, 0.003, and 0.016 respectively) compared to negative control but it did not reduce the serum IL-23 level. The expressions of CDK2 and Cyclin A reduced in T2 and T3 groups and the expression of Caspase-3 increased was only in T3 group. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of P. zeylanica Linn roots administrations reduce the epidermal thickness of Imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice by inhibition of keratinocyte cell cycle and induction of Caspase-3 expression.

Background:The global prevalence of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, has substantially increased in the last decade. The increase activity of Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGFß1)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway which cause inflammation, is the major pathological mechanism in psoriasis. Current psoriasis treatment using chemical agents is hampered by the side-effects when used long-term, which underlines the need for alternative, low side-effect anti-psoriatic agents. The extract of Physalis angulata L., also known as Ciplukan in Indonesia, contains Physalins, compounds known for their anti-inflammatory effects, but whose effect on psoriasis has not been studied. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ciplukan extract (CE) to TGFß1/NF-κB pathway in psoriasis mouse models. Methods: This was experimental study with posttest-only control group design. The CE active ingredients were identified using Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-five female imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mice were allocated into five groups, with three groups receiving 7 days of 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE, respectively, and two groups serving as control and IMQ groups. The NF-κB and TGFß1 expressions were evaluated using Allred score based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Histopathology and clinical psoriasis manifestations were assessed using Baker’s from Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney tests were conducted for data analysis. The p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically different. Results: Based on LC-MS/MS test, Physalin B, D, and F were active ingredients from CE in ethyl acetate solution. An improvement in psoriasis inflammation was observed in 400 and 800 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE, but only the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW significantly decreased of Allred scores from NF-κB and TGFß1 expressions; Baker’s and PASI scores compared to IMQ group (p

Purpose Hyperglycemia in diabetes increases oxidative stress in the body. It causes optic nerve damage and risk of glaucoma. In this study, we evaluated and analyzed the effect of propolis ethanol extract on repair of optic nerve damage in a rat model for Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design Laboratory experimental using the posttest only control group design was used in this study. Methods A total of 28 male Wistar rat were randomly divided into the following four groups namely control (K1), diabetes mellitus (K2), diabetes mellitus with propolis treatment (100 mg/kg) (P1) and diabetes mellitus with propolis treatment (200 mg/kg) (P2). Statistical analysis used ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis with a significance of p < 0.05. Results The results showed that Gunung Lawu propolis significantly reduced serum glucose levels, malondialdehyde levels and C-reactive protein levels (p

BACKGROUND: The increase in the elderly poses problems in the areas of health, since it can cause aging of the physiological function of organs. It also has an impact on kidney function, which will enhance the chronic kidney disease. One of the theory that causes aging process is the free radical theory, which that accumulation of free radicals is caused by depletion of antioxidants. Therefore, exogenous antioxidants are needed and in this study author use dadih. Dadih is fermented buffalo milk, indigenous from West Sumatera-Indonesia. Peptides found in fermented milk contained antioxidant that can stimulate the formation of endogenous antioxidants and diversification of dadiah increases its effect as antioxidant. AIM: This study aims to prove the effect of dadih antioxidants on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of kidney tissue and renal interstitial fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study with post-test only control group design conducted to observe effect of dadih to kidney aging of Rattus norvegicus in the Laboratory of Andalas University. It used 30 R. norvegicus which were divided into three groups. Group K was a positive control (did not get dadih), Group P1 was given dadih 4.5 g once a day, and Group P2 was given dadih 4.5 g twice a day for 42 days. After that, MDA levels of kidney tissue are examined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances examination technique and examination of renal interstitial fibrosis which is done by histopathology with Sirius-red staining. Data were analyzed using the normality test with Shapiro–Wilk. RESULTS: The results showed that dadih can reduce levels of MDA in kidney tissue, where its decrease very significant in Group P1 (given dadih once a day) and Group P2 (given dadih twice a day) compared to the Group K (control group) 0.97 ± 0.06 pg/ml to 0.75 ± 0.03 pg/ml (p < 0.05). Group P1 and Group P2 can also reduce the renal interstitial fibrosis rank. Obtained a decrease in the average fibrosis rank from Group K to Group P1 and subsequently to Group P2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that dadih can reduce MDA levels in kidney tissue and reduce renal interstitial fibrosis rank on aging kidney.

BACKGROUND: The aging process is a complex physiological mechanism that cannot be disclosed in exact detail. Various theories about the aging process have been put forward by many experts. AIM: This study aims to prove the effect of dadih on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression and malondialdehyde levels at aging kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used 30 Rattus norvegicus which were divided into three groups: Group 1 was a positive control (did not get dadih), Group 2 received dadih 1 × 4.5 g/day, and Group 3 received dadih 2 × 4.5 g/day for 42 days. After that, MDA levels of kidney tissue are examined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances examination technique and examination of kidney and examination of MnSOD was done by immunohistochemical staining of kidney tissue. Data were analyzed using the normality test with Shapiro-Wilk. RESULTS: The results showed that dadih were be able to decreased MDA levels in Group 2 and Group 3 compared to Group 1 (control) 0.97 ± 0.06 pg/mL to 0.75 ± 0.03 (p < 0.05). Dadih also increased MnSOD expression sequentially from Group 1 33.66 ± 9.29 to Group 2 53.58 ± 8.51 and Group 3 73.70 ± 4.29 (p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: This study concluded that dadih can reduce MDA levels in old kidney tissue and dadih can increase the expression of MnSOD.

BACKGROUND: Distinguishing between Acute Coronary Syndrom (ACS) and SCAD (Stable Coronary Artery Disease) requires advanced laboratory instrument and electrocardiogram. However, their availabilities in primary care settings in developing countries are limited. Hematologic changes usually occur in the ACS patient and might be valuable to distinguish ACS from SCAD. AIM: This study compares the hematologic indices between ACS and SCAD patients and analyses its predictive value for ACS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 191 patients (79 ACS and 112 SCAD) were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion criteria. Patient’s characteristic, hematologic indices on admission, and the final diagnosis were obtained from medical records. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: In this research MCHC value (33.40 vs. 32.80 g/dL; p < 0.05); WBC (11.16 vs. 7.40 x109/L; p < 0.001); NLR (6.29 vs. 2.18; p < 0.001); and PLR (173.88 vs 122.46; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in ACS compared to SCAD patients. While MPV (6.40 vs. 10.00 fL; p < 0.001) was significantly lower in ACS patients. ROC curve analysis showed MPV had the highest AUC (95%) for ACS diagnosis with an optimum cut-off point at ≤ 8.35 fL (sensitivity 93.6% and specificity 97.3%). CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference between hematologic indices between ACS and SCAD patients. MPV is the best indices to distinguish ACS.