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The need for accurate treatment planning in radiation therapy arose as more powerful radiation technology became available. Computers now make it possible to use increasingly sophisticated dose calculation methods. Over the last two decades, modern imaging modalities, faster computer hardware, advanced graphics techniques, and new calculational algorithms have made it easier to plan radiotherapy treatment. The prospect is bright for continued improvement during the next several years. Tumor localization will become more precise using three-dimensional displays of integrated radiographic imaging data, as described in this article.