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Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Aim: The aim of this study is to study the prevalence, incidence, and the epidemiological characteristics of the patients of acquired dacryocystitis at a tertiary eye care center of Northern India., Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 2 years (July 2016-July 2018). The prevalence, incidence, and the epidemiological characteristics of acquired dacryocystitis were studied and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to test the qualitative distribution., Results: A total of 212 cases were included in the study. The prevalence rate of dacryocystitis was 19.5 cases per 10,000 patients, and the incidence rate was 15 cases per 10,000 patients. Chronic dacryocystitis (183; 86.30%) was more commonly encountered clinical type than acute dacryocystitis. Majority of cases (204; 96.23%) were due to the primary acquired nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction, whereas eight cases (3.78%) were due to the secondary acquired NLD obstruction. Females were more commonly affected (156; 73.58%). The mean age was 44.44 ± 18.95 (range: 12-86) years. Majority of the patients 108 (50.94%) belonged to 3 rd -6 th decades of life. The disease was more prevalent in people belonging to lower-middle socioeconomic class (92; 43.40%) living in rural areas (130; 61.32%) and the majority of them were housewives (125; 59%)., Conclusions: The incidence and prevalence of acquired dacryocystitis were 15 and 19.5 cases per 10,000 patients. It was much more common in females of lower socioeconomic status and is seen commonly in the 3 rd to 6 th decades of life., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Oman Ophthalmic Society.)

Purpose: Isolated cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) secondary to rhino-orbito-facial reconstructive surgeries have been reported previously. We report the clinical profiles and management outcomes of a series of patients with iatrogenic INDO., Materials and Methods: Case records of all patients who presented with secondary NLDO over 5 years were retrospectively analyzed. The case series included seven patients with NLDO secondary to orbito-facial surgeries., Results: The study included six males and one female patient with a mean age of 29 ± 12.58 years. All the patients had a history of road traffic accidents following which they underwent an open reduction and internal fixation by maxilla-facial surgeons. All of them presented to the Ophthalmology outpatient department with epiphora following the surgical intervention. Imaging revealed the implants were responsible for obstructing the nasolacrimal ducts in all seven cases. Five patients underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy while dacryocystectomy was performed in two. Implant removal was necessary for five patients without any compromise on the structural integrity of the orbital walls., Conclusion: Precise knowledge of the orbital anatomy, especially that of the lacrimal drainage system is imperative for surgeons performing surgeries in the midface area. A multidisciplinary approach and inclusion of surgeons trained in lacrimal surgeries can prevent such avoidable complications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Oman Ophthalmic Society.)

Aim: To describe, the impact of ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ophthalmic surgeries at a tertiary eye care center of East India during and after the lockdown, and the positivity rate for novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2])., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all ophthalmic surgeries performed during and after lockdown from April 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020, with comparison to the corresponding period in the previous year (2019) was done. Eligible patients were tested for novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) preoperatively as per the institutional protocols., Results: A total of 569 surgeries were performed during the study period compared to 3458 performed in 2019, ( P = 0.00001). The maximum number of surgeries were performed in June (191, 33.57%) and July (189, 33.22%) and in the subspecialty of vitreo-retina (337, 59.23%) followed by cataract (101, 17.75%). The most common vitreoretinal procedures were intravitreal injections (223, 66.17%) and retinal detachment surgery (56, 16.62%). Emergency surgeries performed were 30 (5.275%) compared to 76 (2.20%) during the same duration in the previous year ( P = 0.00004). Ninety-four (16.52%) cases were screened for COVID-19. A total of 10 (10.64%) cases tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Only one of these cases was symptomatic., Conclusion: There was a drastic decline in the number of both elective and emergency surgeries during and after the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to the corresponding previous year duration. The maximum number of surgeries was performed in the vitreoretinal subspecialty. The positivity rate for SARS CoV-2 amongst the patients tested was 10.64% and most of these patients were asymptomatic., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Oman Ophthalmic Society.)

Purpose: To study the clinical profile and management outcomes of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC)., Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all histopathologically proven cases of BCC between 1995 and 2015 was done. The demographic data, clinical presentation, histopathological subtype, and management outcomes were analyzed., Results: We had a total of 185 malignant eyelid tumors during the study period, out of which 37 (20%) were BCC. Thirty-two (86.5%) out of 37 cases were primary BCC. The mean age was 63.3 years. Pigmented ulcerative lesion (14, 38%), lower eyelid (19, 51%), and nodular BCC (15, 40%) were the most common presentation, periocular site, and histological subtype, respectively. 28 patients underwent excision under frozen section with an average tumor-free margin of 3.5 mm. Mean follow-up period was 18.78 months. Recurrence rate of 0% and 3.1% was noted in primary and recurrent BCC, respectively., Conclusion: Periocular BCC commonly presents as pigmented ulcerative lesion in the lower lid. Excision biopsy under frozen section with an average tumor-free margin of 3.5 mm offers cure in most cases., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Oman Ophthalmic Society.)

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the ocular morbidity pattern among children attending a blind school in North India and comparing the data with similar studies conducted across India and abroad., Study Design: This was a cross-sectional observational study., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during September 2017 where 94 students attending a blind school were interviewed, and a detailed ocular examination was performed by an ophthalmologist., Results: Sixty-three (67%) children were blind since birth and 29 (30.9%) had absolute blindness. Anatomical site of blindness included retinal disorders in 38 (40.42%), whole globe pathology in 20 (21.40%), optic nerve disorders in 17 (18.09%), corneal diseases in eight (8.51%), and congenital cataract in four (4.26%). A history of consanguinity among parents was reported by 12 (12.8%) students. Blindness was potentially avoidable in 22 (23.4%) children., Conclusion: Retinal pathologies were the most common cause for blindness in the present study. The proportion of corneal scarring and congenital cataract is decreasing and majority of cases had unavoidable or incurable blindness. Health education about consanguineous marriages, establishment of pediatric ophthalmology units across the country is essential to eliminate or minimize avoidable blindness among children., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Oman Ophthalmic Society.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of lacrimal gland injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) for epiphora secondary to lacrimal drainage disorders and functional epiphora., Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series where cases were divided into functional and nonfunctional epiphora., Results: A total of 37 eyes of 31 patients were identified: 13 males and 18 females. The mean age was 52 years (median = 53, range 29-86). The functional epiphora group had seven patients (8 eyes), subcategorized into hypersecretion (5), crocodile tears (1), and post seventh nerve palsy (1). Obstructive group (nonfunctional) had 24 patients (29 eyes), subcategorized into proximal canalicular block (12), common canalicular block (6), punctal stenosis (3), posttraumatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction (1), and partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction (1). Median preinjection Munk scores were similar in both groups (Grade 4). At 1 month, the median Munk score improved to 1 and 2 in functional and nonfunctional groups, respectively, after receiving a median dose of 4 units of BoNTA. Median reduction in Munk score was 75% in functional group versus 50% in nonfunctional group ( P = 0.07). No difference in terms of complications was noted (transient ptosis)., Conclusions: Reduction in epiphora after lacrimal gland injection of botulinum toxin is seen in cases with functional epiphora as well as those with a physical obstruction in the lacrimal drainage pathway. While the symptomatic improvement was more in functional epiphora, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Drusen are seen as an end result of various biochemical insults to the retina and have been described in various clinical settings. We would like to report the histopathology of a case of large drusen, seen associated with chronic retinal detachment in a case of childhood trauma, where the eye was eviscerated for other reasons., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Purpose: To analyze varying clinical presentations, histopathological features, and management outcome of sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) of the eyelid., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 30 patients with histologically proven cases of SGC of eyelid treated at tertiary care hospital., Results: Patients were in the age group of 28-80 years, among which 18 (60%) were females and 12 (40%) were males. Mean follow-up period was 29.83 ± 8.14 months. Six out of 30 cases were lost to follow-up; hence, only 24 cases were analyzed for reconstruction techniques and management outcome. Initial anatomic sites involved were upper eyelid (10 cases [33.33%]), lower eyelid (5 cases [16.66%]), both upper and lower eyelid (10 cases [33.33%]), and medial canthus (1 case [3.33%]). Orbital extension at presentation was present in 4 cases (13.33%) while metastasis to preauricular lymph nodes was seen in 1 case (3.33%). T2 was the most common category according to TNM staging (14, 58.33%). Reconstruction techniques included direct closure with or without cantholysis in 5 (20.83%), closure with Tenzel's semicircular flap in 2 (8.33%), Cutler Beard repair in 5 (20.83%), and Hughes's flap with either cheek advancement flap or full-thickness skin graft in 3 (12.5%). Both upper eyelid and lower eyelid repair were done in three (12.5%) cases and medial canthal repair in one (4.16%) case. Five (20.83%) cases underwent exenteration. On histopathological examination, 23 (95.83%) patients had localized tumors while only 1 (4.16%) patient had pagetoid invasion. Recurrence was observed in three (12.5%) cases. One (4.16%) case died subsequent to brain metastasis., Conclusion: SGC of eyelid may have varied presentations, but early diagnosis and consequent surgical therapy has good outcome and higher survival rate., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.