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We evaluate changes in the Brazilian mining policy during the first year of Temer government. We argue that, similarly with Dilma's period, this government has been favourably disposed towards the expansion of mining activities. During the government of Partido dos Trabalhadores, which we associate with the "progressive neoextractivism", initiatives aimed at increasing the State relevance and its capture of the mining rent, which was diverged, mostly, towards policies against poverty. After government change, in a period defined as "liberalconservative neoextractivism", there is still expectations towards the expansion of mining activities, now guided by market forces; nevertheless, the rent captured by the state is transferred to the financial sector. Throughout the article, we evaluate the relationship between mining and agrarian issues and argue for more critical analyses regarding the extractive sector and its impacts on the organization of the rural space in Brazil. Additionally, we look at the institutional strategies adopted by mining companies, assess government initiatives to open new areas for mining activities and evaluate recent changes in Brazilian mining legislation. Finally, we comment on some issues that seem to be false promises related to the results of such actions and consider some elements related to the reply of social movements against this attempt to reinforce the current Brazilian mining model and respective territorial conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]