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Introduction: Didanosine is an adenosine analog, part of the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor family. Since the description of didanosine-induced retinopathy in the early 1990s, little is known about the progression of this toxic retinopathy and the putative underlying mitochondrial defect., Objectives: We report long-term follow-up for cases of didanosine-induced retinopathy and discuss a new hypothesis for pathophysiology based on the alteration of endogenous adenosine on the photoreceptor outer segment turnover and phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium., Methods: Ophthalmic data from six cases (12 eyes) of didanosine-induced retinopathy from a single institution were retrospectively analyzed., Results: All patients displayed bilateral retinal alterations in the mid-periphery. Despite didanosine discontinuation, patients with advanced areas of patchy chorioretinal atrophy appeared to have a faster progression than those with limited lesions. Full-field electroretinogram revealed generalized rod-cone dysfunction in most cases that remained stable over time., Conclusion: We propose new guidelines including early screening and long-term observations.