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Background. One of the important goals of midwifery support and care is to control labor pain and increase the ability to cope with pain. The use of religious coping may be effective in counteracting the stressors of labor, especially labor pain, as well as increasing the self-efficacy of labor. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious coping, pain severity, and childbirth self-efficacy in Iranian primipara women. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 Iranian primiparous women referred to eight health centers in the capital of Hormozgan Province who were intending to have a normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in the Persian Gulf and Sharifi Hospitals. The sampling was multistage. Data were collected by demographic and fertility questionnaires, the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, and the Visual Analog Scale for pain measurement. Results. Among the dimensions of religious coping, benevolent reappraisal had a significant direct relationship with pain severity, and negative religious coping had a significant inverse relationship with pain severity. In the case of childbirth self-efficacy subscales, the results showed dimensions of religious practices, benevolent reappraisal, and active religious coping had a significant direct relationship with outcome expectancy, and negative religious coping had a significant indirect relationship with outcome expectancy. Also, there was a significant direct relationship between religious practices and efficacy expectancy and a significant inverse relationship between negative and passive religious coping and efficacy expectancy. Conclusion. With increasing some dimensions of positive religious coping, the severity of labor pain and childbirth self-efficacy increases, and with increasing dimensions of negative and passive religious coping, childbirth self-efficacy decreases. These correlations were weak in all the mentioned results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Men have a special role to play in promoting maternal and child health during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. The health of women also requires the participation and cooperation of men. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of virtual and face-to-face childbirth preparation training for spouses of the primiparous women on the pregnancy experience, fear of childbirth (FOC), and mother- and father-infant attachment. Methods. The primiparous women attending the prenatal clinics of Lolagar Hospital and Azadi and Tehransar health centers of Tehran along with their husbands will be studied. The inclusion criteria for the women's husbands are the first experience of becoming a father, being at least 18 years of age, and the ability to read and write. The exclusion criteria for women's husbands are the history of physical/mental illness; being a smoker; and consuming alcohol, drugs, or psychotropic substances. The participants will be selected by the convenience sampling method and will be divided into three groups of study A, study B, and control. Spouses in study groups A and B will receive childbirth training through virtual and face-to-face methods with similar content, respectively. The control group only receives ordinary prenatal care. At the 18–20 weeks of gestation, demographic information, pregnancy experience scale (PES), and version A of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire (WDEQ-A) will be completed. At 37-38 weeks of gestation, the PES and WDEQ-A questionnaires will be completed again and maternal postnatal attachment scale (MPAS) and postnatal paternal-infant attachment questionnaire (PPAQ) will be completed by the parents 12 weeks after the delivery. Discussion. Improving the experience of pregnancy, especially reducing the FOC and creating a positive attitude towards it, is a vital strategy to promote vaginal childbirth and reduce the number of cesarean sections requested by women. Achieving this will reduce the cost of health care and improve the quality of life during pregnancy, after childbirth, and during the growth and development of infants. Ethics and Dissemination. This research has been funded by the Iran University of Medical Sciences, approved by the Thailand Registry of Clinical Trials, and will commence in May 2020. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and shared with the academic and medical community to pregnancy and childbirth outcomes. This trial is registered with TCTR20200515011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]