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Your search keyword '"Després, Jean-Pierre"' showing total 16 results
Start Over Author "Després, Jean-Pierre" Journal obesity research
16 results on '"Després, Jean-Pierre"'

9. Evidence of Pleiotropic Loci for Fasting Insulin, Total Fat Mass, and Abdominal Visceral Fat in a Sedentary Population: The HERITAGE Family Study

Author

Hong, Yuling, primary, Després, Jean-Pierre, additional, Rice, Treva, additional, Nadeau, André, additional, Province, Michael A., additional, Gagnon, Jacques, additional, Leon, Arthur S., additional, Skinner, James S., additional, Wilmore, Jack H., additional, Bouchard, Claude, additional, and Rao, D. C., additional

Published
2000
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12. Abdominal Visceral Fat is Associated with aBclI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism at the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Locus

Author

Buemann, Benjamin, primary, Vohl, Marie-Claude, additional, Chagnon, Monique, additional, Chagnon, Yvon C., additional, Gagnon, Jacques, additional, Pérusse, Louis, additional, Dionne, France, additional, Després, Jean-Pierre, additional, Tremblay, Angelo, additional, Nadeau, André, additional, and Bouchard, Claude, additional

Published
1997
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14. Effects of the FABP2A54T Mutation on Triglyceride Metabolism of Viscerally Obese Men

Author

Berthier, Marie‐Thérèse, Couillard, Charles, Prud'homme, Denis, Nadeau, André, Bergeron, Jean, Tremblay, Angelo, Després, Jean‐Pierre, and Vohl, Marie‐Claude

Abstract

Objective:Viscerally obese individuals are frequently characterized by a proatherogenic condition. A missense mutation (A54T) in the fatty acid binding protein type 2 (FABP2) gene has been associated with insulin resistance and obesity. This study examined the effect of this mutation on lipoprotein levels in viscerally obese hyperinsulinemic condition. Research Methods and Procedures:A total of 217 men were assigned to one of two groups based on their FABP2A54T polymorphism. Results:The two genotypic groups showed no difference in either physiological characteristics or lipoprotein/lipid profile, before or after statistical adjustment for age. From this initial sample, 50 men accepted to have their postprandial lipid response assessed and 10 T54/A54 heterozygotes were then individually matched for visceral adipose tissue accumulation and fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) levels with 10 A54/A54 homozygotes. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐TG levels were significantly increased in the fasting state as well as 4 hours after the test meal (p= 0.04 and p= 0.0008, respectively) in men bearing the A54T mutation. In addition, the area under the curve of postprandial HDL‐TG levels was also significantly higher among T54/A54 heterozygotes than among A54/A54 homozygotes (p= 0.04). Interestingly, fasting TG concentrations in large TG‐rich lipoproteins (large‐TRL; Sf> 400) were correlated with HDL‐TG levels at 4 (r= 0.74, p= 0.01) and 8 hours (r= 0.73, p= 0.01) after the test meal in T54/A54 heterozygotes only. Discussion:The FABP2A54T missense mutation may contribute to the TG enrichment of HDL in the postprandial state that, in turn, may alter the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Published
2001
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15. Abdominal Visceral Fat is Associated with a BclI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism at the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Locus

Author

Buemann, Benjamin, Vohl, Marie‐Claude, Chagnon, Monique, Chagnon, Yvon C., Gagnon, Jacques, Pérusse, Louis, Dionne, France, Després, Jean‐Pierre, Tremblay, Angelo, Nadeau, André, and Bouchard, Claude

Abstract

Several investigations have suggested that body fat distribution is influenced by nonpathologic variations in the responsiveness to Cortisol. Genetic variations in the glucocorticoid receptor (GRL) could therefore potentially have an impact on the level of abdominal fat. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) has previously been detected with the BelI restriction enzyme in the GRL gene identifying two alleles with fragment lengths of 4.5 and 2.3 kb. This study investigates whether abdominal fat areas measured by computerized tomography (CT) are associated with this polymorphism in 152 middle‐aged men and women. The less frequent 4.5‐kb allele was found to be associated with a higher abdominal visceral fat (A VF) area independently of total body fat mass (4.5/4.5 vs. 2.3/2.3 kb genotype; men: 190.7 ± 30.1 vs. 150.7 ± 33.3 cm2, p=0.04; women: 132.7 ± 37.3 vs. 101.3 ± 34.5 cm2, p=0.06). However, the association with AVF was seen only in subjects of the lower tertile of the percent body fat level. In these subjects, the polymorphism was found to account for 41% (p=0.003) and 35% (p=0.007), in men and women, respectively, of the total variance in AVF area. The consistent association between the GRL polymorphism detected with BelI and AVF area suggests that this gene or a locus in linkage disequilibrium with the BelI restriction site may contribute to the accumulation of AVF.

Published
1997
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16. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha L162V mutation is associated with reduced adiposity.

Author

Bossé Y, Després JP, Bouchard C, Pérusse L, and Vohl MC

Subjects
Abdomen, Adult, Alleles, Body Constitution, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, DNA analysis, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Adipose Tissue, Body Composition genetics, Mutation, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
Abstract

Objective: To determine the contribution of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) L162V mutation to the variation of several indexes of body fatness obtained from healthy adults who participated in the Quebec Family Study., Research Methods and Procedures: The PPARalpha L162V mutation was determined by a mismatch polymerase chain reaction method. Adiposity phenotypes were obtained by standardized anthropometric measurements, underwater weighing technique, and computed tomography., Results: For all adiposity phenotypes, subjects carrying the V162 allele had lower values compared with L162 homozygotes (HMZs) [BMI (kg/m(2)): 27.8 +/- 7.6 vs. 26.0 +/- 5.6, p < 0.05; percentage body fat: 28.5 +/- 10.7 vs. 25.7 +/- 10.1, p < 0.05; waist circumference (cm): 89.0 +/- 18.1 vs. 85.7 +/- 15.8, p = 0.07; total computed tomography abdominal fat areas (cm(2)): 406 +/- 221 vs. 359 +/- 192, p = 0.15; means +/- SD for L162 HMZs vs. V162 carriers, respectively]. Differences in cross-sectional abdominal adipose tissue areas and waist circumference were abolished after adjustment for total body fat mass. Similar trends were observed when results were analyzed by gender, although associations seemed stronger in women. The odds ratio of having a BMI above 30 kg/m(2) reached 1.77 (1.02; 3.07, 95% confidence intervals) for L162 HMZs. This risk could be considered marginal on an individual basis, but because 85% of the subjects are affected by this small risk, the impact on the population is important., Discussion: The PPARalpha V162 allele is associated with reduced adiposity and has a substantial population-attributable risk.

Published
2003
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