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The article reports that the Brazilian Corrugated Board Index (IBPO) fell in December 2021 compared to the same month last year. Topics include drop in the interannual comparison between December 2021 and 2020 with same number of working days; and EMPAPEL registered a drop in paperboard shipments in the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to the same period in 2020.

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The article informs about the concept of labeling and its importance in providing information about product usage and characteristics. Topic include It discusses how labeling intersects with metrology, as many of the parameters involved in labeling are numerical values related to measurement procedures. Additionally, it mentions specific examples of labeling parameters for products such as paper reams for office printers.

The article informs about the record-breaking heat in July, highlighting the urgent need to address climate and environmental challenges. Topic include It emphasizes the importance of transitioning away from fossil-based materials, especially single-use plastics, to reduce pollution and promote sustainability. The article also discusses the positive strides made in recycling paper-based packaging in Brazil and its potential to convey sustainability values to consumers.

An equation-oriented process simulator was developed for simulating evaporation plants. The simulator graphical user interface was written in Python 2.7, and its engine, in C++. The simulator orders and partitions the system of equations that describe the evaporator system under study and solves the partitions sequentially using the Newton-Raphson method. If no good initial estimates can be provided by the user, the simulator solves a simplified problem to generate the estimates, which greatly facilitates convergence. Calculations are based on steam table correlations and on black liquor enthalpy correlations described in the literature. Two multipleeffect counter-current evaporator scenarios were extracted from the literature and used to validate the simulator: a simple 3-effect system and a realistic 6-effect system. The simulator converged to the solutions with relative ease, provided that the model equations were written as described, that equations were ordered and partitioned, and the simplified model was used to generate good initial estimates. Good agreement was found between the calculated values and those reported in the literature, indicating that the proposed simulation framework could be extended to accommodate more complex systems. Deviations from the reported values can be explained by the different choices of physical properties correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]