3,857 results
Search Results
2. How should the recommended dietary allowances be revised: a concept paper from the food and nutrition board
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Nutrition -- Requirements ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board -- Planning - Abstract
The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) promotes a new approach to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) to combine the dietary requisitions for the prevention of chronic diseases with the nutrient specific concepts of the previous RDAs. It proposes to bend future RDAs to suit multiple purposes. It also plans to hold public meetings and symposia to increase community participation in the nutrition program.
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- 1994
3. How Should the Recommended Dietary Allowances Be Revised? A Concept Paper from the Food and Nutrition Board
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Alfred Sommer, Hector F. DeLuca, Dennis M. Bier, S. L. Taylor, Janet C. King, E. L. Bierman, Fergus M. Clydesdale, Cutberto Garza, Michael P. Doyle, Sanford A. Miller, P. L. Adkisson, M. Hambridge, A. H. Rubenstein, Johanna T. Dwyer, John W. Erdman, Vernon R. Young, Scott M. Grundy, Lindsay H. Allen, and L. N. Kolonel
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Societies, Scientific ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Dietetics ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Nutritional Requirements ,Humans ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Medicine ,Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,business ,United States - Published
- 2009
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4. RISK VERSUS BENEFITS: THE FUTURE OF FOOD SAFETY Underwood-Prescott Award Symposium Papers
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Goldblith, Samuel A., primary
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- 2009
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5. Paper Partition Chromatography
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- 2009
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6. RISK VERSUS BENEFITS: THE FUTURE OF FOOD SAFETY Underwood-Prescott Award Symposium Papers
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- 2009
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7. How Should the Recommended Dietary Allowances Be Revised? A Concept Paper from the Food and Nutrition Board
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. RISK VERSUS BENEFITS: THE FUTURE OF FOOD SAFETY Underwood-Prescott Award Symposium Papers
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Samuel A. Goldblith
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Sclerema neonatorum ,Medical education ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,Food safety - Published
- 2009
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9. Paper Partition Chromatography.
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- 1949
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10. Exploring the physiological factors relating to energy balance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a scoping review.
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Nguo, Kay, McGowan, Margaret, Cowan, Stephanie, Davidson, Zoe, Pirotta, Stephanie, Dordevic, Aimee L, Teede, Helena, Hajishafiee, Maryam, Carmichael, Mikaeli, and Moran, Lisa J
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 8%-13% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological dysfunction. Overweight and obesity are prevalent and exacerbate the features of PCOS. The aim of this review is to evaluate the extent of evidence examining the physiological factors affecting energy homeostasis, which may impact weight gain, weight loss, and weight maintenance in PCOS, and identify research gaps and recommendations for future research. Literature searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, AMED, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were conducted up to June 22, 2022. Abstracts, non–English-language articles, and reviews were excluded. A total of n = 78 (n = 55 energy intake and n = 23 energy expenditure) primary research papers were included. Papers with multiple outcomes of interest were counted as separate studies. Energy-intake studies (n = 89) focussed on assessing food, nutrient, or supplements stimuli and were grouped into the outcomes of gastrointestinal appetite hormones (n = 43), adipokines (n = 34), subjective appetite (n = 9), functional brain imaging (n = 3), and neuropeptides (n = 0). Energy-expenditure studies (n = 29) were grouped into total energy expenditure (n = 1), resting energy expenditure (n = 15), meal-induced thermogenesis (n = 3), nutrient oxidation (n = 5), and metabolic flexibility (n = 5). Across both energy-intake and -expenditure papers, 60% of the studies compared outcome responses in women with PCOS with a control group. Results were inconsistent, with 57% reporting no differences and 43% reporting altered responses in PCOS compared with controls, including blunted appetite hormone responses, metabolic inflexibility, and reduced energy expenditure. The authors identified that there is inconsistent, yet preliminary, evidence of possible altered physiological factors, which may impact energy balance and weight management. Further work is needed to act on the identified clinical and research gaps to support women with PCOS and health professionals in informing and achieving realistic weight-management goals for women with PCOS. Systematic Review Registration The protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework on February 16, 2021 (https://osf.io/9jnsm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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11. Encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid and ruminant trans fatty acids to study the prevention of metabolic syndrome—a review.
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Mohammadi, Farzad, Dikpati, Amrita, Bertrand, Nicolas, and Rudkowska, Iwona
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METABOLIC syndrome risk factors , *PHARMACEUTICAL technology , *ORGANIC compounds , *FOOD science , *METABOLIC syndrome , *LINOLEIC acid , *TRANS fatty acids , *MOLECULAR structure , *DIETARY carbohydrates , *DOSAGE forms of drugs , *DIETARY proteins - Abstract
Studies have reported the potential benefits of consuming conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFAs) in reducing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, encapsulation of CLA and R-TFAs may improve their oral delivery and further decrease the risk factors of MetS. The objectives of this review were (1) to discuss the advantages of encapsulation; (2) to compare the materials and techniques used for encapsulating CLA and R-TFAs; and (3) to review the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs on MetS risk factors. Examination of papers citing micro- and nano-encapsulation methods used in food sciences, as well as the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs, was conducted using the PubMed database. A total of 84 papers were examined; of these, 18 studies were selected that contained information on the effects of encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs. The 18 studies that described encapsulation of CLA or R-TFAs indicated that micro- or nano-encapsulation processes stabilized CLA and prevented oxidation. CLA was mainly encapsulated using carbohydrates or proteins. So far, oil-in-water emulsification followed by spray-drying were the frequently used techniques for encapsulation of CLA. Further, 4 studies investigated the effects of encapsulated CLA on MetS risk factors compared with non-encapsulated CLA. A limited number of studies investigated the encapsulation of R-TFAs. The effects of encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs on the risk factors for MetS remain understudied; thus, additional studies comparing the effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Inauguration Address for the Irwin H. Rosenberg Professorship of Nutrition and Human Security: Human Security and the Pivotal Role of Science in Achieving It
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Peter Walker
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Gerontology ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Short paper ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Face (sociological concept) ,Public relations ,Suicide prevention ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Occupational safety and health ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,business ,Human security - Abstract
EDITOR'S NOTE: This short paper is the inauguration address for installing Dr. Peter Walker as the first Irwin H. Rosenberg Professor of Nutrition and Human Security at Tufts University. The paper addresses the determinants of human security, of which nutrition is a large part, and the challenges that scientists face when doing research on human security issues.
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- 2008
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13. Strategies for the prevention of iron deficiency... papers from the symposium 'Hidden Malnutrition in Latin America: Iron Deficiency,' Buenos Aires, Argentina, May 6-8, 1996.
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- 1997
14. Nutrition and depression: the role of folate... this paper originally appeared in Medscape Mental Health 2(1), 1997, and is reproduced here, with minor adaptations, with permission. Copyright Medsdcape, Inc, 1997.
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Alpert JE and Fava M
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- 1997
15. Evidence for the relationship of calcium to blood pressure... this paper was adapted from a petition submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in October 1995.
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Osborne CG, McTyre RB, Dudek J, Roche KE, Scheuplein R, Silverstein B, Weinberg MS, and Salkeld AA
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- 1996
16. Policy approaches to nutrition-focused food banking in industrialized countries: a scoping review.
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Mossenson, Sharonna, Pulker, Claire E, Giglia, Roslyn, and Pollard, Christina M
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DEVELOPED countries ,NUTRITION ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,FOOD supply ,FOOD quality ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,NUTRITION policy ,GREY literature - Abstract
Objective This review aims to synthesize the literature describing policy approaches to nutrition-focused food banking in industrialized countries, spanning the period 2000 to October 2021. Background The charitable food system provides food assistance to increasing numbers of people experiencing food insecurity in industrialized countries. Calls to improve the nutrition quality of foods provided by foods banks, pantries, and shelves have increased, yet little is known about the challenges faced when initiating policy in this setting. Methods A protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines was developed and registered with Open Science Framework. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE [Ovid], Global Health, ProQuest, and Scopus) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English. A gray literature search was conducted using Google Advanced Search. Results Of 642 peer-reviewed articles screened, 15 were eligible for inclusion. In addition, 24 gray literature documents were included. These 39 papers were assessed against the Iron Triangle of Hunger Relief and the Campbell et al framework of organizational factors. Six themes were identified: (1) there is a moral imperative to take action to ensure the provision of appropriate and nutritious food for vulnerable clients; (2) nutrition policies are unlikely to be formalized; (3) the unpredictability of donated food is a barrier to providing healthy foods; (4) reliance on donations affects the sector's willingness to reduce the unhealthy inventory for fear of losing donors, and the challenges of managing donor relationships were emphasized; (5) organizational capacity (volunteer workforce, executive leadership support) must be considered; (6) the existing measure of success is a weight-based metric that does not support food banks' prioritizing of healthy foods. These, and other characteristics, were incorporated into an adapted framework. Conclusion There is a need and opportunity for nutrition-focused food banking. A priority action area is the adoption of an outcome metric that is based on nutritional quality, to reorient the charitable food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Risk versus Benefits: the Future of Food Safety Underwood-Prescott Award Symposium Papers
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Goldblith, Samuel A.
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- 1980
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18. Risk versus Benefits: the Future of Food Safety Underwood-Prescott Award Symposium Papers
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- 1980
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19. Vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents: a systematic review.
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Feehan, Orlagh, Magee, Pamela J, Pourshahidi, L Kirsty, Armstrong, David J, and McSorley, Emeir M
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THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D ,CINAHL database ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ENRICHED foods ,BONE resorption ,WORLD health ,DIETARY supplements ,VITAMIN D ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,RISK assessment ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EXERCISE ,QUALITY of life ,VITAMIN D deficiency ,CALCIUM ,MEDLINE ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Context Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in nursing home residents. Objective This review critically summarizes the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents worldwide. In addition, it outlines the effect of vitamin D intervention, alone or in combination with other nutrients or therapies, on improving vitamin D status and associated health outcomes in nursing home residents. Data Sources, Extraction, and Analysis Searches were conducted of electronic databases for articles published from 2010 to May 2021. After screening of the 366 papers initially identified, 58 articles were included. Conclusions A paucity of observational studies in nursing homes suggests a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 8% [25(OH)D <25 nmol/L], up to 94% [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] in some cohorts where supplement use was low. Reported factors associated with deficiency and suboptimal vitamin D status include lack of sunlight exposure, poor dietary intake of vitamin D, limited vitamin D food fortification, frailty, poor renal function, and low use of vitamin D supplements. Residents who are severely deficient, deficient, or insufficient in vitamin D require remedial vitamin D supplementation prior to maintenance supplementation at doses >800 IU/day. High-dose vitamin D supplementation may reduce respiratory illness; however, supportive data are limited. Oral nutritional supplements, in combination with exercise, may benefit physical function and performance, whereas supplementation with vitamin D– and calcium-fortified foods has been associated with improved quality of life and reduced bone resorption. Globally, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in nursing home residents. There is an urgent need for standardized dietary and supplementation guidelines to prevent deficiency in this vulnerable group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. meta-analysis of studies examining associations between resonance Raman spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma carotenoids among adults and children.
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Pitts, Stephanie B Jilcott, Johnson, Nevin S, Wu, Qiang, Firnhaber, Gina C, Kaur, Archana Preet, and Obasohan, Justice
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CAROTENOID analysis ,ONLINE information services ,CINAHL database ,META-analysis ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RAMAN spectroscopy ,CAROTENOIDS ,QUALITY assurance ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDLINE ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Context No meta-analyses appeared to have been conducted to examine overall correlations between resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)–assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids. Objective To review the available literature and quantify the association between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids via a meta-analysis of observational studies. Data Sources To identify relevant publications, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and Scopus databases in April 2020 for items combining 3 concepts: Raman spectroscopy, skin, and plasma or serum. Data Extraction Criteria for inclusion were publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 1990 and 2020, available in English language, and results reported as a baseline Pearson correlation coefficient. In teams of 2, the researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts of 2212 nonduplicate papers with initial screening yielding 62 papers for full-text review, of which 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Data Analysis A random-effects model in R (version 4.0.0) "meta" package was used to analyze the correlation between RRS-assessed skin and plasma/serum carotenoids. A subgroup analysis was conducted for studies involving adults and children, respectively. Conclusions The 15 studies included 1155 individuals: 963 adults and 192 children. One study included children and adults. The random-effects model yielded an overall correlation of 0.68 (95%CI, 0.61–0.74; I
2 = 74%; P < 0.01). The results were similar when grouped by adults and children. Among 963 adults, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.69 (95%CI, 0.61–0.75; I2 = 78%; P < 0.01). Among 192 children, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.66 (95%CI, 0.52– 0.77; I2 = 55%; P = 0.06). Overall, there was a positive, statistically significant correlation between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids in a pooled meta-analysis of 15 studies. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (record number 178835) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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21. Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review.
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Savaiano, Dennis A and Hutkins, Robert W
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COLON tumor prevention ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,METABOLIC syndrome risk factors ,TUMOR risk factors ,BREAST tumor prevention ,TUMOR prevention ,RECTUM tumors ,DIABETES prevention ,GASTROINTESTINAL disease prevention ,YOGURT ,REGULATION of body weight ,ONLINE information services ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,CULTURED milk ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,INGESTION ,RISK assessment ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,BONE density ,MEDLINE ,PROSTATE tumors ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Consumption of yogurt and other fermented products is associated with improved health outcomes. Although dairy consumption is included in most dietary guidelines, there have been few specific recommendations for yogurt and cultured dairy products. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of fermented milk products on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, cancer risk, weight management, diabetes and metabolic health, and bone density using PRISMA guidelines. English language papers in PubMed were searched, with no date restrictions. In total, 1057 abstracts were screened, of which 602 were excluded owing to lack of appropriate controls, potential biases, and experimental design issues. The remaining 455 papers were independently reviewed by both authors and 108 studies were included in the final review. The authors met regularly to concur, through consensus, on relevance, methods, findings, quality, and conclusions. The included studies were published between 1979 and 2017. From the 108 included studies, 76 reported a favorable outcome of fermented milks on health and 67 of these were considered to be positive or neutral quality according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Quality Criteria Checklist. Of the 32 remaining studies, the study outcomes were either not significant (28) or unfavorable (4), and most studies (18) were of neutral quality. A causal relationship exists between lactose digestion and tolerance and yogurt consumption, and consistent associations exist between fermented milk consumption and reduced risk of breast and colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes, improved weight maintenance, and improved cardiovascular, bone, and gastrointestinal health. Further, an association exists between prostate cancer occurrence and dairy product consumption in general, with no difference between fermented and unfermented products. This article argues that yogurt and other fermented milk products provide favorable health outcomes beyond the milk from which these products are made and that consumption of these products should be encouraged as part of national dietary guidelines. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017068953. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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22. Applying focused ethnographic methods: examining implications of intracultural diversity for nutrition interventions.
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Pelto, Gretel H.
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This paper examines the implications of intracultural difference for the design and implementation of nutrition interventions. It raises the question of whether small-sample, mixed-method implementation research, using a focused ethnographic approach, has sufficient power to detect meaningful differences in cultural beliefs, values, perceptions, and attitudes that are important for the design and implementation of nutrition interventions. It first presents the theoretical framework that was used to guide the research, followed by a description of the methodology of the Focused Ethnographic Study for Infant and Young Child Feeding. It then uses the findings from recent research in Ghana to address the central question. The findings document strong elements of shared cultural consensus, but intracultural differences of importance, in relation to the planning and content of behavior change communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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23. Retail food environment around schools and overweight: a systematic review.
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Peres, Carla Marien da Costa, Gardone, Danielle Soares, Costa, Bruna Vieira de Lima, Duarte, Camila Kümmel, Pessoa, Milene Cristine, and Mendes, Larissa Loures
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RISK of childhood obesity ,CHILDREN'S health ,CHILD nutrition ,CONVENIENCE foods ,FOOD quality ,FOOD habits ,FOOD handling ,FOOD preferences ,FOOD service ,FOOD supply ,HEALTH behavior ,HEALTH promotion ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,RESEARCH funding ,RESTAURANTS ,SCHOOLS ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,PACKAGED foods - Abstract
Context The presence of retail food establishments around schools can be a potentiating or protective factor for overweight in students, depending on access to these places as well as types of foods available therein. The hypothesis for this study was that a greater density and proximity of retail food establishments around schools influence the weight of students. Objective To systematically review the available observational literature on the association between retail food establishments around schools and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents. Data Sources Observational studies were searched in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases published until May 2019. Data Extraction Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data Analysis Data on the 31 included studies were summarized with narrative synthesis according to meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, exploring the type of food establishments around schools and analyzing qualitatively the impact of proximity or density on overweight and obesity rates. Conclusion Of the 31 articles, a direct association between proximity or density of establishments (mainly fast food restaurants, convenience stores, grocery stores) around schools and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents were found in 14 studies. However, authors of 13 papers found no association and inverse association was presented in 4 papers. The studies presented different methods of classification, location, and analysis of retail food establishments, making it difficult to conclude the real influence that the presence of these establishments near schools have on the nutritional status of children and adolescents. Therefore, future studies should consider the use of longitudinal designs and standardized analysis of the food environment around schools to better understand this food environment and its influence on health-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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24. Methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines for nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy: a systematic review.
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Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Lampropoulou, Maria, Petalidou, Arianna, Patelida, Maria, Tsirou, Efrosini, Papoutsakis, Constantina, and Goulis, Dimitrios G
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CONFIDENCE intervals , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *MEDICAL protocols , *MEDLINE , *MOTHERS , *NUTRITION , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *ONLINE information services , *QUALITY assurance , *T-test (Statistics) , *WEIGHT gain , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PREGNANCY - Abstract
Context Ensuring a healthy pregnancy and achieving optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) are important for maternal and child health. Nevertheless, the nutritional advice provided during pregnancy is often conflicting, suggesting limited adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Objective The aim of this review was to identify all CPGs on maternal nutrition and GWG and to critically appraise their methodological quality. Data Sources The MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Guidelines International Network, and BMJ Best Practice databases, along with gray literature, were searched from inception until February 2019 for CPGs and consensus, position, and practice papers. Study Selection Clinical practice guidelines published in English and containing advice on maternal nutrition or GWG were eligible. Data Extraction Two authors independently extracted data on items pertaining to maternal nutrition or GWG, and CPGs were appraised using the AGREE II instrument. Results Twenty-two CPGs were included. All scored adequately in the "scope" domain, but most were considered inadequate with regard to stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence. Many CPGs lacked patient or dietician involvement, and more than half did not disclose funding sources or conflicts of interest. Guidance on GWG was based mostly on Institute of Medicine thresholds, while nutrition recommendations appeared scattered and heterogeneous. Conclusion Despite the importance of maternal nutrition and the plethora of advising bodies publishing relevant guidance, there is room for substantial improvement in terms of development standards and content of nutritional recommendations. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42019120898. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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25. Poor dietary intake of nutrients and food groups are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic literature review.
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O'Connor, Jessie-Leigh P, Milledge, Kate L, O'Leary, Fiona, Cumming, Robert, Eberhard, Joerg, and Hirani, Vasant
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RISK factors of periodontal disease ,CINAHL database ,FOOD habits ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,INGESTION ,MEDLINE ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,INDEPENDENT living ,OLD age - Abstract
Context Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gum condition that is more prevalent in older populations. The development of periodontal disease has been directly linked to inflammatory dietary habits. Objective This systematic review aimed to 1) describe the relationship and 2) describe the direction of the relationship between dietary intake (nutrients and food groups) and periodontal disease in community-dwelling, older adults. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review. Data Sources A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, Science Direct, Informit, and Cochrane Library was conducted from the earliest possible date until September 2018. Search terms were related to main themes: "periodontal disease," "gingivitis," "gum diseases," "dietary intake" and "older adults." The search produced 779 records, and after additional publications were obtained and duplicates were removed, 666 publications underwent title and abstract screening. Included papers were written in English and were based on populations of healthy, older adults living in community-based settings. Nine papers met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Data Extraction Sample size, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, periodontal measures, dietary measures, confounders, and results were sorted by study type, author, year, and country. Data Analysis Quality of the extracted data was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Conclusions Inverse associations were found between fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, fiber, calcium, dairy, fruits, and vegetables and risk of periodontal disease. Overall, this review found a relationship between poor dietary intake and increased risk of periodontal disease; however, this needs to be further explored. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42017065022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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26. Role of diet quality in bone health in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
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Suhett, Lara Gomes, Filgueiras, Mariana De Santis, Novaes, Juliana Farias de, and Sukumar, Deeptha
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BIOMARKERS , *ONLINE information services , *HEALTH policy , *BONE growth , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *DIET , *PEDIATRICS , *BONE remodeling , *BONE density , *MEDLINE - Abstract
Context Poor diet quality and unhealthy dietary patterns have been linked to poor bone health, yet few studies have investigated the role of diet quality in bone health in pediatric populations. Objective This systematic review aims to assess the available evidence on the association between diet quality and bone health markers in children and adolescents. Data Sources The PubMed, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library databases were searched electronically from October to November 2022, without any restrictions on date or language. The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies. Data Extraction Published observational studies in children and adolescents (ages 2 to 19 years) that investigated the association between diet quality and bone health were eligible for inclusion. Two researchers independently analyzed and selected all articles using the Rayyan app. Initially, 965 papers were identified. A total of 12 observational studies qualified, including 8 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies. The sample comprised 7130 individuals aged 3 to 17.9 years, representing both sexes. Bone health was evaluated by measures of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Data Analysis Seven studies (58.3%) showed significant associations between diet quality and bone health markers, all of which evaluated diet quality by identifying dietary patterns. Diet quality as evaluated by all dietary indexes was not associated with bone health markers. Conclusions Adherence to a healthy diet may benefit bone health in children and adolescents. These findings emphasize the importance of developing effective public health policies that encourage healthy eating habits from childhood to preserve bone health. Longitudinal research using a specific tool to assess diet quality in relation to bone health is warranted. Future studies should also measure bone-regulating hormones and markers of bone turnover. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022368610. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Health benefits of yogurt among infants and toddlers aged 4 to 24 months: a systematic review.
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Donovan, Sharon M and Rao, Goutham
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YOGURT ,INFANT nutrition ,ATOPIC dermatitis ,CULTURED milk ,DIARRHEA ,NATURAL foods ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,GUT microbiome - Abstract
Context Health benefits of yogurt are well documented in adults and older children, but less is known about the effects of yogurt in infants and toddlers (aged 4 to 24 months). Objective The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to assess the effects of yogurt and fermented milk products on the health of infants and toddlers. Data Sources PubMed was searched for English-language papers. No date restrictions were applied. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and prospective cohort studies were included. Systematic or narrative reviews, conference abstracts, and dissertations were excluded. In total, 1624 abstracts were screened, of which 1614 were excluded. Data Extraction Full texts of the remaining 10 abstracts were independently reviewed by both authors, who reached consensus about relevance, methods, findings, quality, and conclusions of the included studies. Results The included studies (published between 1987 and 2017) were heterogeneous with respect to sample size, study population, and type of yogurt used. Five of six studies showed a positive effect of yogurt consumption on infectious diarrhea. Two studies reported a positive effect on gut microbiota composition. Two cohort studies reported a positive effect on reducing the incidence of atopic dermatitis, one of which also reported a positive impact on food sensitivity. Conclusions Published evidence, much of it decades old, supports a health benefit of yogurt consumption in infants and children. New short- and long-term studies are needed to better evaluate the impact of yogurt consumption in contemporary settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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28. effect of energy and fat content labeling on food consumption pattern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Agarwal, Deepali, Ravi, Priyanka, Purohit, Bharathi, and Priya, Harsh
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FOOD habits ,FOOD labeling ,META-analysis ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,NUTRITION ,INGESTION ,HEALTH behavior ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Context Consumption of high-energy food has increased globally, thereby leading to an increase in many diseases. One strategy for addressing this is to make people aware of their energy intake through energy and fat labels. However, the effectiveness of this remains debatable. Objective This review aims to pool the mixed outcomes of recent studies assessing the effect of energy and fat content labeling on food consumption pattern. Data Sources Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Randomized controlled and quasi-experimental controlled trials published from 2014 to 2019 were included. Data Extraction Two reviewers screened 413 abstracts independently. Qualitative and quantitative data was extracted from 10 articles; meta-analysis was carried out on 6 of those studies. Results The majority of the included papers were conducted in the regions of America, the Western Pacific, and Europe. Overall, the 6 studies claimed that labeling did not reduce the consumption of energy or fat. However, meta-analysis showed that fat and energy content labeling of food had a statistically significant effect on consumption. Subgroup analysis showed no difference with respect to types of labels, ie, context labeling vs traffic-light labeling, but energy content labels seemed to be more effective than fat content labels in influencing healthy food choices. Conclusion Energy and fat content labeling were shown to reduce the consumption of each significantly. However, the outcome was influenced by the study setting and the population concerned. There is a need for research in other regions in order to assess the global effectiveness of nutrition labels on food consumption. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020172675. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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29. High-fat diet promotes hypothalamic inflammation in animal models: a systematic review.
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Santos, Lucimeire S, Cordeiro, Gabriele S, Matos, Rhowena J B, Perez, Gabriela S, Silva, Rafael T, Boaventura, Gilson T, and Barreto-Medeiros, Jairza M
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ONLINE information services ,CYTOKINES ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,INFLAMMATION ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ANIMAL experimentation ,HYPOTHALAMUS ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Context Hypothalamic inflammation and dysfunction may be induced by high-fat diets. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully elucidated. Objective To evidence, in animal models, of how a high-fat diet influence the mechanisms involved in hypothalamic inflammation. Data sources Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Embase databases were searched. Data extraction The exclusion criteria were human studies, studies with medicinal products or other substances not related to food, paper reviews, studies that used a surgical intervention or an intervention with food to reverse hypothalamic inflammation, and studies with genetically modified animals. The identified studies were evaluated according to the following inclusion criteria: animal studies, studies in which a control group was included in the experimental design, and studies in which markers of inflammation in the hypothalamus were evaluated. Data analysis A total of 322 studies were found, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and were included in this review. Conclusion The exposure of rodents to high-fat diets promoted an increase in levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and other proteins involved in the inflammatory process in the hypothalamus. This process was associated with increased glial cell activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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30. Pediatric weight management, dietary restraint, dieting, and eating disorder risk: a systematic review.
- Author
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House, Eve T, Gow, Megan L, Lister, Natalie B, Baur, Louise A, Garnett, Sarah P, Paxton, Susan J, and Jebeile, Hiba
- Subjects
REGULATION of body weight ,FOOD habits ,DIET in disease ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,PATIENT aftercare ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,INGESTION ,DIET therapy ,MEDLINE ,EATING disorders - Abstract
Context Whether dietary restraint and dieting are risk factors associated with eating disorders has not been explored in the context of pediatric weight management. Objective To review associations between dietary pediatric weight management, dietary restraint, dieting, and eating disorder risk. Data sources, selection, and extraction Four databases – MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO – were searched to May 2020 to identify pediatric weight management interventions with a dietary component for children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The review was limited to studies reporting dietary restraint and/or dieting at preintervention, postintervention, and/or follow-up. Screening and quality assessment were conducted in duplicate, and data extraction was completed by 1 reviewer and cross-checked for accuracy. Data extracted included study characteristics, dietary restraint/dieting, and eating disorder–related outcomes (including disordered eating, body image, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety). Results A total of 26 papers, representing 23 studies, were included. Of these, 20 studies reported on dietary restraint, which increased (10 postintervention, 6 follow-up) or remained unchanged (7 postintervention, 5 follow-up), and 5 studies reported on dieting, which increased (1 study), remained unchanged (2 studies) or decreased (2 studies) postintervention. All studies that reported on other eating disorder risk factors (eg, binge eating, body dissatisfaction, and depression) and weight-related outcomes found improvement or no change postintervention or at follow-up. Conclusion The results of this review suggest that current measures of dietary restraint and dieting are not associated with eating disorder risk within the context of pediatric weight management; however, long-term data is limited. In addition, those current measures may not be suitable risk markers. Concerns about dietary restraint and dieting leading to eating disorders should not prevent access to quality care for young people with obesity. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. 2017 CRD42017069488. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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31. Reply to Finsterer et al.
- Author
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Hu, Weili, Shankar, Pavitra, Yao, Yuanhang, Su, Xinyi, and Kim, Jung Eun
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- *
XANTHOPHYLLS , *FOOD consumption , *VISION disorders , *EYE diseases , *LUTEIN , *VISUAL acuity , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
This letter acknowledges Finsterer and colleagues' insightful comments on pesticide use in fruits and vegetables and impact on eye health. Pesticides can harm eyes through various exposures. Adverse effects occur due to direct entry into ocular tissues, with absorption through eye components. While the potential of organic diets to reduce pesticide exposure is acknowledged, the original paper's cited studies lack clarity on whether organic diet interventions were used. Future systematic reviews comparing organic and nonorganic diets could provide further insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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32. Gut microbiota–associated trimethylamine N‐oxide and increased cardiometabolic risk in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
- Author
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Farhangi, Mahdieh Abbasalizad and Vajdi, Mahdi
- Subjects
HYPERTENSION risk factors ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,ONLINE information services ,RELATIVE medical risk ,HDL cholesterol ,META-analysis ,MEDICAL databases ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,GUT microbiome ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,AMINES ,RISK assessment ,DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDLINE ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,LIPIDS - Abstract
Context Several studies suggest a relationship between trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) concentrations and increased cardiometabolic risk, but findings are controversial. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize evidence of the relationship between circulating TMAO levels and risk of hypertension and increased serum lipids in a dose-response and 2-class meta-analysis of discrete and continuous variables. Data Sources PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases were searched. Study Selection Observational studies that reported disease status of participants (≥ 18 years), type of sample in which TMAO was measured (serum or plasma), and results based on at least 2 categories of TMAO concentrations, including relative risks, hazard ratios, or odds ratios with 95%CIs for cardiometabolic risk factors in association with circulating TMAO levels were selected. Papers were reviewed independently by both authors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Data Extraction The following data were extracted: first author's name, publication year, study design, study location, demographic information of participants, and concentrations of circulating TMAO. Results Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a dose-response relationship between circulating TMAO and increased odds of hypertension in cohort studies (P for nonlinearity = 0.049), in plasma-derived TMAO samples (P for nonlinearity = 0.043), in patients with cardiovascular disease (P for nonlinearity = 0.048), and in apparently healthy individuals from community-based studies (P for nonlinearity = 0.005). Moreover, the highest category of TMAO concentrations was associated with a 2.36 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure when compared with the lowest category. The dose-response meta-analysis of continuous variables revealed that an increase in TMAO is associated with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in apparently healthy individuals and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased total cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Circulating TMAO is positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension and other cardiometabolic disorders in adults. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO identification number CRD42019138296. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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33. THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF HUNAN LIVER AND BILE.
- Published
- 1962
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34. Brain iron concentrations in the pathophysiology of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.
- Author
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Degremont, Alexia, Jain, Rishika, Philippou, Elena, and Latunde-Dada, Gladys Oluyemisi
- Subjects
IRON metabolism ,BRAIN ,ONLINE information services ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,IRON ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,MEDLINE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Context Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder associated with iron dysregulation in children. Although previous focus was on examining systemic iron status, brain iron content may be a more reliable biomarker of the disorder. Objective This systematic review examines whether children with ADHD have lower serum as well as brain iron concentrations, compared with healthy control subjects (HCS). Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase. and Ovid for papers published between 2000 and June 7, 2019. Data extraction Studies were included if the mean difference of iron concentration, measured as serum iron, serum ferritin, or brain iron, between children with ADHD and HCS was an outcome measure. Data analysis Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Risks of bias within and between studies were assessed using the quality assessment tools of the National Institutes of Health. Of 599 records screened, 20 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. In 10 of 18 studies in which serum ferritin concentration was assessed, and 2 of 10 studies that assessed serum iron, a significant difference between children with ADHD and HCS was observed. Results of systemic iron levels were inconsistent. In 3 studies in which brain iron concentration was assessed, a statistically significant, lower thalamic iron concentration was found in children with ADHD than in HCS. Conclusion The evidence, though limited, reveals that brain iron rather than systemic iron levels may be more associated with the pathophysiology of ADHD in children. Larger, longitudinal, magnetic resonance imaging studies are needed to examine any correlations of iron deficiency in specific brain regions and symptoms of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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35. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations – implications for dietary intake recommendations.
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Böhm, Volker, Lietz, Georg, Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña, Phelan, David, Reboul, Emmanuelle, Bánati, Diana, Borel, Patrick, Corte-Real, Joana, Lera, Angel R de, Desmarchelier, Charles, Dulinska-Litewka, Joanna, Landrier, Jean-Francois, Milisav, Irina, Nolan, John, Porrini, Marisa, Riso, Patrizia, Roob, Johannes M, Valanou, Elisavet, Wawrzyniak, Agata, and Winklhofer-Roob, Brigitte M
- Subjects
INGESTION ,CAROTENOIDS ,DIETARY supplements - Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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36. Funding food science and nutrition research: financial conflicts and scientific integrity.
- Author
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Rowe, Sylvia, Alexander, Nick, Clydesdale, Fergus, Applebaum, Rhona, Atkinson, Stephanie, Black, Richard, Dwyer, Johanna, Hentges, Eric, Higley, Nancy, Lefevre, Michael, Lupton, Joanne, Miller, Sanford, Tancredi, Doris, Weaver, Connie, Woteki, Catherine, and Wedral, Elaine
- Subjects
FOOD science ,NUTRITION research ,RESEARCH grants ,CONFLICT of interests ,ACADEMIC-industrial collaboration ,CONTRACTS ,INTEGRITY - Abstract
There has been significant public debate about the susceptibility of research to biases of various kinds. The dialogue has extended to the peer-reviewed literature, scientific conferences, the mass media, government advisory bodies, and beyond. While biases can come from myriad sources, the overwhelming focus of the discussion, to date, has been on industry-funded science. Given the critical role that industry has played and will continue to play in the research process, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) North America Working Group on Guiding Principles has, in this paper, set out proposed conflict-of-interest guidelines, regarding industry funding, for protecting the integrity and credibility of the scientific record, particularly with respect to health, nutrition, and food-safety science. Eight principles are enumerated, specifying ground rules for industry-sponsored research. The paper, which issues a challenge to the broader scientific community to address all bias issues, is only a first step; the document is intended to be dynamic, prompting ongoing discussion and refinement. The Guiding Principles are as follows. In the conduct of public/private research relationships, all relevant parties shall: 1) conduct or sponsor research that is factual, transparent, and designed objectively; according to accepted principles of scientific inquiry, the research design will generate an appropriately phrased hypothesis and the research will answer the appropriate questions, rather than favor a particular outcome; 2) require control of both study design and research itself to remain with scientific investigators; 3) not offer or accept remuneration geared to the outcome of a research project; 4) prior to the commencement of studies, ensure that there is a written agreement that the investigative team has the freedom and obligation to attempt to publish the findings within some specified time-frame; 5) require, in publications and conference presentations, full signed disclosure of all financial interests; 6) not participate in undisclosed paid authorship arrangements in industry-sponsored publications or presentations; 7) guarantee accessibility to all data and control of statistical analysis by investigators and appropriate auditors/reviewers; and 8) require that academic researchers, when they work in contract research organizations (CRO) or act as contract researchers, make clear statements of their affiliation; require that such researchers publish only under the auspices of the CRO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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37. Use of plasma-free amino acids as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk.
- Author
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Nagao, Kenji and Kimura, Takeshi
- Subjects
DIABETES risk factors ,DISEASE risk factors ,TUMOR diagnosis ,AMINO acids ,BIOMARKERS ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,DIETARY supplements ,FRAIL elderly ,RISK assessment ,PREDICTIVE tests ,EARLY diagnosis ,EARLY detection of cancer - Abstract
This paper reviews developments regarding the use of plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. This work was initiated and first published in 2006 and was subsequently developed by Ajinomoto Co. Inc. After commercialization in 2011, PFAA-based tests were adopted in over 1500 clinics and hospitals in Japan, and numerous clinician-led studies have been performed to validate these tests. Evidence is accumulating that PFAA profiles can be used for diabetes prediction and evaluation of frailty; in particular, decreased plasma essential amino acids could contribute to the pathophysiology of severe frailty. Integration of PFAA evaluation as a biomarker and effective essential amino acid supplementation, which improves physical and mental functions in the elderly, could facilitate the development of precision nutrition, including personalized solutions. This present review provides the background for the technology as well as more recent clinical findings, and offers future possibilities regarding the implementation of precision nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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38. The role of nutrition in asthma prevention and treatment.
- Author
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Alwarith, Jihad, Kahleova, Hana, Crosby, Lee, Brooks, Alexa, Brandon, Lizoralia, Levin, Susan M, and Barnard, Neal D
- Subjects
ASTHMA prevention ,ASTHMA risk factors ,LUNG physiology ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,ASTHMA ,DAIRY products ,DIETARY fiber ,FAT content of food ,FRUIT ,INFLAMMATION ,INGESTION ,NUTRITION ,OBESITY ,VEGETABLES ,VEGETARIANISM ,VITAMIN D deficiency ,MEDITERRANEAN diet ,WESTERN diet - Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Prevalence has continued to rise in recent decades as Western dietary patterns have become more pervasive. Evidence suggests that diets emphasizing the consumption of plant-based foods might protect against asthma development and improve asthma symptoms through their effects on systemic inflammation, oxidation, and microbial composition. Additionally, increased fruit and vegetable intake, reduced animal product consumption, and weight management might mediate cytokine release, free radical damage, and immune responses involved in the development and course of asthma. The specific aim of this review paper is to examine the current literature on the associations between dietary factors and asthma risk and control in children and adults. Clinical trials examining the mechanism(s) by which dietary factors influence asthma outcomes are necessary to identify the potential use of nutritional therapy in the prevention and management of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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39. Influence of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation in adults—a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Amenyah, Sophia D, Hughes, Catherine F, Ward, Mary, Rosborough, Samuel, Deane, Jennifer, Thursby, Sara-Jayne, Walsh, Colum P, Kok, Dieuwertje E, Strain, J J, McNulty, Helene, and Lees-Murdock, Diane J
- Subjects
CARBON metabolism ,BIOMARKERS ,CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis ,CINAHL database ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DIETARY supplements ,FOLIC acid ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MASS spectrometry ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,VITAMIN B12 ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,QUALITATIVE research ,DATA analysis software ,DNA methylation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Context Aberrant DNA methylation is linked to various diseases. The supply of methyl groups for methylation reactions is mediated by S -adenosylmethionine, which depends on the availability of folate and related B vitamins. Objectives To investigate the influence of key nutrients involved in 1-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation in adults. Data sources Systematic literature searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English were included. Data extraction The first author, study design, sample size, population characteristics, type and duration of intervention, tissue type or cells analyzed, molecular techniques, and DNA methylation outcomes. Data synthesis A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-carbon metabolism nutrients on global DNA methylation. Functional analysis and visualization were performed using BioVenn software. Results From a total of 2620 papers screened by title, 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative analysis indicated significant associations between 1-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation. In meta-analysis of RCTs stratified by method of laboratory analysis, supplementation with folic acid alone or in combination with vitamin B
12 significantly increased global DNA methylation in studies using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which had markedly lower heterogeneity (n = 3; Z = 3.31; P = 0.0009; I2 = 0%) in comparison to other methods. Functional analysis highlighted a subset of 12 differentially methylated regions that were significantly related to folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers. Conclusion This study supports significant associations between 1-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation. However, standardization of DNA methylation techniques is recommended to reduce heterogeneity and facilitate comparison across studies. Systematic Review registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018091898. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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40. Foreword... papers from the Conference on Nutrition and Physical Activity to Optimize Performance and Well-Being.
- Author
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Malaspina A
- Published
- 1996
41. Recent advances in intestinal alkaline phosphatase, inflammation, and nutrition.
- Author
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Lallès, Jean-Paul
- Subjects
COLON physiology ,INTESTINAL mucosa physiology ,PROTEIN metabolism ,INFLAMMATION prevention ,ALKALINE phosphatase ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,DATABASE management ,IMMUNITY ,METABOLIC disorders ,NANOPARTICLES ,NUTRITION ,ORGANIC compounds ,PATIENT safety ,CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
In recent years, much new data on intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) have been published, and major breakthroughs have been disclosed. The aim of the present review is to critically analyze the publications released over the last 5 years. These breakthroughs include, for example, the direct implication of IAP in intestinal tight junction integrity and barrier function maintenance; chronic intestinal challenge with low concentrations of Salmonella generating long-lasting depletion of IAP and increased susceptibility to inflammation; the suggestion that genetic mutations in the IAP gene in humans contribute to some forms of chronic inflammatory diseases and loss of functional IAP along the gut and in stools; stool IAP as an early biomarker of incipient diabetes in humans; and omega-3 fatty acids as direct inducers of IAP in intestinal tissue. Many recent papers have also explored the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of IAP and other alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoforms in various experimental settings and diseases. Remarkably, nearly all data confirm the potent anti-inflammatory properties of (I)AP and the negative consequences of its inhibition on health. A simplified model of the body AP system integrating the IAP compartment is provided. Finally, the list of nutrients and food components stimulating IAP has continued to grow, thus emphasizing nutrition as a potent lever for limiting inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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42. Diet quality indices for research in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
- Author
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Trijsburg, Laura, Talsma, Elise F, Vries, Jeanne H M de, Kennedy, Gina, Kuijsten, Anneleen, and Brouwer, Inge D
- Subjects
DIET ,DIETETICS research ,FOOD quality ,MEDLINE ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries - Abstract
Context Dietary intake research has increasingly focused on improving diet quality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Accompanying this is the need for sound metrics to assess diet quality. Objective This systematic literature review aims to describe existing diet quality indices for general populations and highlights recommendations for developing such indices for food system research in LMICs. Data sources Three electronic databases were searched for papers published between January 2008 and December 2017. Data extraction Articles published in English and describing the development of an index to measure overall diet quality, irrespective of whether they were for high-income countries or LMICs, were included. Data analysis Eighty-one indices were identified, over two thirds were based on national dietary guidelines from high-income countries. Of the 3 key diet quality dimensions, "diversity" was included in all 18 indices developed for LMICs, "moderation" was captured by most, and "nutrient adequacy" was included 4 times. Conclusions Indices need to be developed that include all dimensions, include foods and/or food groups rather than nutrients, use an optimal range for individual components in the score, and express the intake of healthy and unhealthy components separately. Importantly, validation of the index should be part of its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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43. Environmental enteric dysfunction and child stunting.
- Author
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Budge, Sophie, Parker, Alison H, Hutchings, Paul T, and Garbutt, Camila
- Subjects
MALNUTRITION ,BACTERIAL diseases ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,DIARRHEA ,FECES ,FOOD contamination ,GASTROINTESTINAL diseases ,GROWTH disorders ,HAND washing ,HYGIENE ,IMMUNE system ,METROPOLITAN areas ,PRACTICAL politics ,POVERTY ,SANITATION ,WATER ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,NUTRITIONAL status ,CHILDREN - Abstract
In 2017, an estimated 1 in every 4 (23%) children aged < 5 years were stunted worldwide. With slow progress in stunting reduction in many regions and the realization that a large proportion of stunting is not due to insufficient diet or diarrhea alone, it remains that other factors must explain continued growth faltering. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a subclinical state of intestinal inflammation, can occur in infants across the developing world and is proposed as an immediate causal factor connecting poor sanitation and stunting. A result of chronic pathogen exposure, EED presents multiple causal pathways, and as such the scope and sensitivity of traditional water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions have possibly been unsubstantial. Although the definite pathogenesis of EED and the mechanism by which stunting occurs are yet to be defined, this paper reviews the existing literature surrounding the proposed pathology and transmission of EED in infants and considerations for nutrition and WASH interventions to improve linear growth worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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44. Determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in low-income children and adolescents.
- Author
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Di Noia, Jennifer and Byrd-Bredbenner, Carol
- Subjects
RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,BLACK people ,CHILDREN'S health ,CHILD nutrition ,CINAHL database ,DIET ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,FOOD preferences ,FRUIT ,HISPANIC Americans ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,MOTHERHOOD ,ONLINE information services ,PARENTING ,POVERTY ,RACE ,ADOLESCENT health ,VEGETABLES ,WHITE people ,ADOLESCENT nutrition ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Although low-income youth are likely to have low or less frequent fruit and vegetable intake, current understanding of the influences on intake in youth is limited. A systematic review of quantitative research on determinants of fruit and vegetable intake among low-income youth (i.e., persons aged <20 years) was conducted. The aims were to identify which determinants have been studied and which are consistently associated with intake. Fifty-eight papers published between 2003 and August 2013 were included. Across studies, 85 unique determinants were identified. Those best supported by evidence were race/ethnicity (with intake consistently higher among Hispanic as compared with African American and white youth), fruit and vegetable preferences, and maternal fruit and vegetable intake. For many potential determinants, the consistency of evidence could not be examined because of a lack of studies. Findings highlight racial/ethnic differences in fruit and vegetable intake and influences on intake that should be considered when designing dietary interventions for low-income youth. Further research on intake determinants in this at-risk population is needed to establish an evidence base to guide interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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45. Foreword.
- Author
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Loria, Alvar
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,NUTRITION - Abstract
Presents the foreword to the July 2004 issue of "Nutrition Reviews."
- Published
- 2004
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46. Birth order and number of siblings and their association with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Meller, Fernanda Oliveira, Mola, Christian Loret de, Assunção, Maria Cecília Formoso, Schäfer, Antônio Augusto, Dahly, Darren Lawrence, and Barros, Fernando Celso
- Subjects
OBESITY risk factors ,BIRTH order ,SIBLINGS ,CINAHL database ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Context: The effect of both birth order and number of siblings on overweight and/or obesity has not been determined. Birth order and sibsize have been mathematically coupled to overweight and/or obesity, but thus far their respective effects have been estimated separately. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of both birth order and number of siblings on the risk of overweight/obesity. Data Sources: The electronic databases MEDLINE, Social Science, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and Academic Search Complete were searched systematically. Study Selection: Titles and abstracts of 1698 records were examined. After 1504 records were excluded, 2 authors independently assessed the full text of all remaining papers (n=194); disagreements were resolved by discussion. Data Extraction: A standardized form for assessment of study quality and evidence synthesis was used to extract data from the included studies. Results: Twenty studies were included in the systematic review, 14 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses showed that lower (vs higher) birth order and smaller (vs greater) number of siblings were associated with overweight and/or obesity, with ORs of 1.47 (95%CI, 1.12-1.93) and 1.46 (95%CI, 1.17-1.84), respectively. However, among the 9 studies that attempted to separate the effects of birth order and number of siblings in the same analysis, a higher risk of overweight/obesity was consistently found among individuals without siblings than among those with 1 or more siblings, rather than among firstborns more generally. Conclusion: The results show that both lower birth order and lower number of siblings are associated with risk of overweight/obesity, which suggests that only children are at a slightly increased risk of overweight/obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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47. systematic review of supermarket automated electronic sales data for population dietary surveillance.
- Author
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Jenneson, Victoria L, Pontin, Francesca, Greenwood, Darren C, Clarke, Graham P, and Morris, Michelle A
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,ELECTRONIC commerce ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DIET ,AUTOMATION ,SHOPPING ,QUALITY assurance ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GROCERY industry ,MEDLINE ,NATURAL foods - Abstract
Context Most dietary assessment methods are limited by self-report biases, how long they take for participants to complete, and cost of time for dietitians to extract content. Electronically recorded, supermarket-obtained transactions are an objective measure of food purchases, with reduced bias and improved timeliness and scale. Objective The use, breadth, context, and utility of electronic purchase records for dietary research is assessed and discussed in this systematic review. Data sources Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health) were searched. Included studies used electronically recorded supermarket transactions to investigate the diet of healthy, free-living adults. Data extraction Searches identified 3422 articles, of which 145 full texts were retrieved and 72 met inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data analysis Purchase records were used in observational studies, policy evaluations, and experimental designs. Nutrition outcomes included dietary patterns, nutrients, and food category sales. Transactions were linked to nutrient data from retailers, commercial data sources, and national food composition databases. Conclusion Electronic sales data have the potential to transform dietary assessment and worldwide understanding of dietary behavior. Validation studies are warranted to understand limits to agreement and extrapolation to individual-level diets. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018103470 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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48. Foreword.
- Author
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Pardío, Jeanette, Loría, Alvar, Cavioto, Alejandro, and Arroyo, Pedro
- Subjects
OLIGOSACCHARIDES ,INFANT formulas - Abstract
The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one on the impact of nutrients on immune function, genetics, and biological systems, one on the benefits of human milk oligiosaccharides (HMOs) for infants, and one on soy-protein-based infant formulas.
- Published
- 2009
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49. Indicators for monitoring hunger at global and subnational levels.
- Author
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Sibrián, Ricardo
- Subjects
HUNGER ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,FOOD consumption ,MALNUTRITION ,PUBLIC health ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
This paper presents three different hunger indicators and outlines how they can be used to assess the extent of food insecurity in population groups globally and within countries at community, regional, or other subnational levels. Hunger refers to the supply, access, consumption, and intake of food at levels that are insufficient to fulfill human requirements. If the requirements are not met through the adequate absorption and use of essential nutrients, food deprivation and undernutrition occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Science, Law, and Politics in FDA's Genetically Engineered Foods Policy: Scientific Concerns and Uncertainties.
- Author
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Pelletier, David L.
- Subjects
GENETICALLY modified foods ,FOOD ,FOOD biotechnology ,GENETIC engineering - Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) 1992 policy statement granted genetically engineered foods presumptive GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status. Since then, divergent views have been expressed concerning the scientific support for this policy. This paper examines four sources to better understand the basis for these claims: 1) internal FDA correspondence; 2) reports from the National Academy of Sciences; 3) research funded by US Department of Agriculture from 1981 to 2002; and 4) FDA's proposed rules issued in 2001. These sources reveal that little research has been conducted on unintended compositional changes from genetic engineering. Profiling techniques now make this feasible, but the new debate centers on the functional meaning of compositional changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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