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Abstract Aim To explore how the expression of positive emotions during the interaction between patients and providers can cultivate the patient‐provider relationship. Design We conducted a realist review guided by the Realist and Meta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards. Methods We systematically searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Scopus from inception to March 2019. Study selection and data extraction were performed blinded in pairs. From 3146 abstracts blinded in pairs, 15 papers were included and analysed. From each included paper, we extracted contexts, mechanisms and outcomes that were relevant to answer our research questions, creating a configuration between these elements (CMO configuration). Results Our findings suggest that in the contexts of person orientation and positive outlook, patient‐provider relationships improve by communication conveying and eliciting positive emotions. We found six underlying mechanisms for this that form either direct or indirect pathways between the context and the outcome.

Abstract Aim To explore and summarise published literature with regards to secondments to clinical research and to identify the gaps in research to inform further work. Design Systematic scoping review. Method A scoping review was undertaken in accordance with the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence and Research framework. Databases searched included CINAHL, PubMed, Medline and Embase. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied by two independent reviewers. Two reviewers independently retrieved full‐text studies for inclusion and applied the framework as a tool for synthesising Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence and Research recommendations. Results Six papers and one abstract published between 2003 and 2018 were included. All secondees (n = 34) were released from NHS posts, with secondments (where specified) ranging in duration from 0.25 to 2 years and for 40%–100% of their working hours. All seven papers reported benefits for personal and professional development, predominantly in the form of personal reflections. Few described involvement with research delivery teams. Conclusion Published initiatives vary in nature and lack standardised reporting and measurement of impact. Further research is required to identify benefits at a departmental or organisational level, the facilitators for setting up secondments and the application of knowledge gained from secondment opportunities. Implications for the Profession Undertaking a research secondment is reported to offer professional and personal benefit for clinical staff. Research secondments are one way in which a research culture can practically be embedded within clinical settings. Impact This scoping review identified a lack of published empirical research seeking to understand research secondments as a tool to enhance research and evidence engagement. Although there is a suggestion that secondments could positively impact staff retention, there is limited evidence about the benefit for the organisation or for patient care. These findings have implications for staff, managers and their organisations. Reporting Method The PRISMA‐ScR guidelines were used to guide reporting. No Patient or Public Contribution This was not relevant to the research design.

Abstract Aim Mindfulness has been widely used with all kinds of people, such as students, educators or patients. However, there have been no studies explicitly targeting ward nurses. The aim of this study is to explore the concept analysis of mindfulness in ward nurses. Design A concept analysis. Methods An electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cambridge Online Dictionary and EBSCO on mindfulness was conducted over a ten‐year period of Peer‐reviewed scholarly articles published in English. The Walker and Avant's framework was used for this paper. Results Eleven articles in total were included in this study. Three attributes of mindfulness in ward nurses were identified as in the present moment, paying attention and being receptive. The consequence of mindfulness in ward nurses lead to positive changes, which included improving well‐being, decreased burnout, anxiety and depression. An exploration of mindfulness in ward nurses was developed. The findings of this paper can be used in ward nurses, research and administration.

Aim: The main objective of this paper was to establish types of health status in the group of practicing nurses. Design: Positive psychology defines human health as the underlying resource for all life activities, including professional work. Practicing nurses are exposed to a variety of professional pressures, most notably high‐stress burden. Long‐term functioning in conditions of work‐related overburden and stress may compromise the health status of nurses and make them vulnerable to somatic or psychosomatic conditions. Methods: In this study, we used original worksheets for collecting socio‐economic data and health‐related data, Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC‐29), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28), Brief COPE Inventory (Mini‐COPE) and the somatic symptom scale. K‐means clustering analysis for cases was used to identify types of health status among the surveyed nurses. Results: This survey discovered that specific types of health status can be distinguished among practicing nurses. The nurses represented various types of health status, levels of the sense of coherence and the use of stress management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Preceptorship in nursing has been a valued concept in nursing. Speciality area such as mental health nursing has a massive gap in research study. To develop sturdy mental health nursing workforce, it is necessary to conduct more studies. Aim This literature review aims to explore preceptor's experience in precepting undergraduate nursing students in mental health. Design Systematic review of literature. Methods The systematic review was conducted from January 2021 to August 2021. Population of the studies included Registered Nurses supervising nursing students in the clinical area. Only studies conducted in English were included. A systematic search using EBSCO Host databases, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE APA Psycinfo & APA PsycArticles, has been used in this review paper. Papers were also selected from the citation reference of included papers. The new version of the PRISMA 2020 guidelines used to represent the process of selection of papers has been incorporated as part of this review. The final set of data included 14 original papers meeting the eligibility criteria which involved quantitative (n = 5), qualitative (n = 4) and mixed‐method studies (n = 5). Result Results were presented under three major themes: time‐consuming, lack of recognition and need extra support. Further research is required in the mental health clinical setting to effectively explore the impact of relationships between preceptors and the preceptees. Conclusion Preceptors reported supervising students in the clinical area has many benefits. However, some challenges they raised were increase in workload, requiring some guidance and acknowledgement from the organization.

Abstract Aims The primary aim of the review was to provide an overall assessment of residential parenting services in Australia, by describing the characteristics of infants and parents using residential parenting services, their prior service use and reasons for admission, referral pathways for access and parenting and infant outcomes. The secondary aims were to explore parent and staff perception of the programmes. Design An integrative literature review. Methods A systematic and comprehensive search of health and social sciences databases was conducted for studies related to residential parenting services (published between 1st January 1990–31st December 2019). Six hundred and eleven peer‐reviewed papers were identified, after which 301 duplicates were removed and an additional 256 papers excluded after titles/abstracts were read. Of the remaining 54 abstracts/papers, a further 14 were omitted as not relevant. Forty papers were independently reviewed by four authors. ENTREQ and MOOSE checklists were applied. Results Thirty studies were quantitative, nine were qualitative, and one was mixed methods. All studies originated from in Australia. Women and babies admitted to residential parenting services were found more likely to be: older, Australian born, from higher socio‐economic groups, and first‐time mothers, and having labour and birth interventions and a history of mental health disorders. The babies were more likely to be twins, male and admitted with sleep disorders and dysregulated behaviour. Studies reporting postintervention outcomes demonstrated improvements to maternal mental health, breastfeeding, parenting confidence and sleep quality, and infant sleeping and behaviour.

Aims: In this paper, we present a study aiming to develop a questionnaire on instrumental support for transitional care as a tool for investigating services, staff, equipment and supplies, and funds of transitional care and conduct a cross‐sectional study on the current instrumental support for transitional care in older adults with chronic diseases. Design: A cross‐sectional study combining instrumental support with transitional care through a mixed‐method approach. Methods: Data are collected through two sources: distribution of the questionnaire to older adults with chronic diseases and interviews with experts from different specialties such as nursing, clinical medicine, geriatrics, sociology and government. Results: The developed questionnaire and expert interviews will be used to investigate the current instrumental support for transitional care among older adults with chronic diseases in China. These findings can help leaders identify areas for improvement in transitional care and contribute to the long‐term positive development of transitional care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to develop a tool to measure paediatric specialist nurses' core competencies and examine the scale's validity and reliability. Design: An exploratory quantitative study. Methods: This study was performed in April 2022 with 302 paediatric specialist nurses in mainland China. Items were created through a literature review, a qualitative interview, and the Delphi method. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, independent sample t‐test, explanatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split‐half reliability. Results: The final scale consisted of five factors and 32 items. The factors were communication, coordination and judgement abilities; professional technology mastery ability; specialist knowledge mastery ability; medical‐related processes; and evidence‐based nursing competencies. The explained total variance of the five factors was 62.216%. The scale‐level and item‐level CVI of this scale was 1.00, and the mean CVR of the total scale was 0.788. The Pearson correlation coefficients of each dimension and the total dimension of the scale was 0.709–0.892, and within each dimension, it was 0.435–0.651. The Cronbach's α of this scale was 0.944, and its split‐half reliability was 0.883. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Family surrogate decision‐making during the later stage of a patient's life may sometimes result in conflict and emotional distress among the parties involved. The present article aims to promote ethical end‐of‐life decision‐making among healthcare professionals in a view to eliminating any misunderstanding that may arise while meeting the care needs of the patient. Design: A case study involving a request for treatment withdrawal by the family of a patient on end of life. Methods: This paper draws upon a scenario encountered during practice to analyse the moral commitments in delivering high‐quality end‐of‐life care with much emphasis on pre‐existing palliative care guidelines for adults. Results: Healthcare professionals are bound by the principle of beneficence, non‐maleficence, autonomy and justice. Although the use of guidelines may be tenable, decisions often take into consideration the patient's choice and then weighed against the moral values of healthcare specialists and those required in the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore relationships between mental health problems, mental health shame, self‐compassion and average length of sleep in UK nursing students. The increasing mental health problems in nursing students may be related to a strong sense of shame they experience for having a mental health problem. Self‐compassion has been identified as a protective factor for mental health and shame in other student populations. Further, studies highlight the importance of sleep relating to mental health. Design: A cross‐sectional design. Methods: A convenient sampling of 182 nursing students at a university in the East Midlands completed a paper‐based questionnaire regarding these four constructs, from February to April 2019. Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Mental health problems were positively related to shame and negatively related to self‐compassion and sleep. Mental health shame positively predicted and self‐compassion negatively predicted mental health problems: sleep was not a significant predictor of mental health problems. Lastly, self‐compassion completely mediated the impacts of sleep on mental health problems (negative relationship between mental health problems and sleep was fully explained by self‐compassion). Conclusion: The importance of self‐compassion was highlighted as it can reduce mental health problems and shame. Self‐compassion can protect nursing students from mental distress when they are sleep deprived. Impact: Nurses and nursing students are required to work irregular hours (e.g. COVID‐19) and mental distress can cause serious consequences in clinical practice. Our findings suggest that nurturing self‐compassion can protect their mental health and the negative impacts of sleep deprivation on mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this analysis was to assess the prevalence of clinical features, comorbidities, complications and treatment options in the patients with COVID‐19 and compare incidence of these clinical data in severe and non‐severe patients. Design: Systemic review and Meta‐analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases were searched to identify relevant papers until 20 July 2020. All studies comparing clinical data of severe and non‐severe patients of COVID‐19 were included. Heterogeneity across included studies was determined using Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic. Results were expressed as odds ratio with accompanying 95% confidence intervals. Results: Twelve studies with 3,046 patients were included. The result showed the most prevalent clinical symptoms were fever 88.3%, cough 62.2%, fatigue 39.5% and dyspnoea 31.5%. Further meta‐analysis showed incidence of fever, cough, fatigue and dyspnoea was higher in severe patients. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension 22.6%, diabetes 11.5%, cardiovascular disease 10.3% and cancer 2.5%. We found that compared with non‐severe patients, the symptoms, existing comorbidities and complications are prevalent in severe COVID‐19 patients. Future well‐methodologically designed studies from other populations are strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim We conducted a scoping review of nursing ethics education to examine educational formats that go beyond traditional lectures. Design This study was a scoping review. Methods We used seven databases and relevant search terms, including nursing ethics, morals, values, nursing students and nursing ethics education. Results Of 5,190 papers, 14 quasi‐experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. All papers examined practices and self‐study added to traditional lecture styles (i.e. the control group). Five practices emerged as follows: combined web (i.e. Internet) and lecture, web‐based self‐study, simulation, group learning and analysing ethical issues. The purpose, method and evaluation method differed based on the country in which the study was conducted. These educational interventions yielded significant differences in knowledge and in nursing students' critical thinking and ethical sensitivity postintervention. Multi‐faceted ethics education will lay the foundation for effective practical training and practice.

Aim: Designing, executing and testing a training intervention based on enhanced concepts of salutogenesis theory for managing fear of childbirth and choice of delivery method among nulliparous women. Design: A Sequential‐Exploratory Mixed Methods Research. Methods: In the first phase (qualitative approach), the determinants of childbirth fear among nulliparous women will be explored. In the second phase (systematic review), the factors of childbirth fear among them will be summarized. In the third phase, the content of the educational intervention is developed based on the common factors of childbirth fear obtained from the previous two phases of the study. In the fourth phase (randomized controlled trial), two intervention and the control groups will be compared based on primary and secondary outcomes. Discussion: Using salutogenesis theory in a few interventional studies on various health areas has produced promising results. Based on the evidence, women had less sense of coherence with a strong childbirth fear. Therefore, developing an effective intervention based on this theory can probably help manage childbirth fear and reduce the costs of any potential consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of online distance education and computer‐based testing (CBT) among registered nurses and midwives in a sample of government‐owned health facilities and health training institutions in Ghana. Design: Exploratory descriptive qualitative design. Methods: Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 45 participants (i.e. 25 nurses and 20 midwives). The data were manually processed and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach (November 2019‐February 2020). Results: Nurses and midwives prefer online distance education for three reasons: convenience, cost‐effectiveness and learning centre proximity to the workplace. The course schedule's flexibility allowed participants to work and study simultaneously. Others acknowledged online distance education as a viable option for overcoming the challenges of obtaining study leave. However, the lack of recognition of certificates by some employers, poor Internet connectivity and perceived excessive course load were noted as deterrents. Regarding the CBT, many of the participants said that it was useful. Among the advantages of CBT are: (1) a decrease in examination malpractices, (2) a decrease in examination costs and (3) a rise in students' interest in information, communication and technology (ICT). This finding emphasizes the necessity of integrating ICT into nursing and midwifery education and examinations, as well as maximizing its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aims This paper analyses the factors that influence home care employees’ intention to introduce robots. Background The introduction of different kinds of care robots is a topical issue in elderly care now and in the near future. Methods Cross‐sectional research conducted through a questionnaire. The survey data (N = 162) were collected in five locations around Finland in 2019. The analysis was carried out by regression analysis, Sobel test and by Hayes’ bootstrapping method. Results The results show that self‐efficacy is pivotal in the willingness to introduce care robots. Employees’ age increases the enthusiasm to introduce robots but reduces self‐efficacy. Work engagement does not correlate with self‐efficacy or behavioural intention related to the introduction of care robots. Conclusions The present paper reveals the significance of attitudes, cognitive factors and age in the adoption of care robots in home care facilities. Practical implications It is important to pay attention to supporting the employees’ sense of technology management and the construction of a robot‐positive atmosphere when introducing care robots, and the development of skills of older employees and employees with a lower educational level should be supported.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the evidence shared with a citizen Consensus panel detailing key issues associated with how nursing CPD can best influence the quality of health and social care experienced by citizens and communities. It presents a summary of contemporary theory, research and evidence of the effectiveness of nursing CPD and outlines four key challenges: (i) how to strengthen the focus on patient experience as the starting point for CPD; (ii) the lack of evidence of CPD effectiveness and accountability in its transfer to practice; (iii) evaluation of CPD effectiveness; and (iv) involving citizens in targeting CPD where it is most needed. It briefly describes the methods used to facilitate public consultation through a citizen Consensus panel as part of a collaborative project with the RCN Strategic Research Alliance in 2020 and outlines 7 themes identified as important by the public for future development. The main challenge for nursing is capitalizing on the workplace as a learning resource that can integrate learning with development, improvement, knowledge translation, inquiry and innovation. This requires skilled facilitators, particularly at meso‐ levels, and systems leaders with the full skillset to develop system‐wide cultures of learning that enable everyone to flourish and create good places to work. The paper concludes that the development of CPD process measures would indicate how CPD investment contributes to person‐centred, safe and effective care and system transformation and enable commissioners and education providers to optimize CPD’s full potential.

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore Iranian nurses' experiences regarding the consequences of bullying. Design: A qualitative descriptive study is carried out using conventional content analysis and Granheim and Lundman's method. Methods: Data for this study were collected through 12 in‐depth, semi‐structured individual interviews with nurses employed at a teaching hospital in REDACTED, western Iran. Purposeful sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved. Data management was conducted using MAXQDA software. Results: The participants consisted of 12 nurses, with a mean age of 36.1 ± 8.6 years. Their experiences of workplace bullying were analysed and categorised into a main theme called 'Consequences of Workplace Bullying', with two categories identified as 'Organisational Consequences' and 'Individual Consequences'. The organisational consequences were further elaborated through two subcategories: 'work performance consequences' and 'patient care consequences'. The individual consequences category included subcategories including 'psychosomatic consequences', 'psychological consequences' and 'family consequences'. Conclusion: Workplace bullying among nurses can have negative impacts on patients, nurses and organisations. In order to mitigate these effects, nurse managers can take proactive measures by implementing management strategies and fostering a positive work culture. By addressing the underlying factors and promoting a supportive environment, the adverse consequences of workplace bullying can be reduced or prevented. Patient or Public Contribution: Yes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim is to delineate the concept of sleep disturbances in health professional students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: A concept analysis was conducted. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for relevant articles published and performed from inception to July 5, 2024. Electronic databases searched included PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase and Web of Science. Rodgers' method of evolutionary concept analysis was used. Results: A total of 50 pertinent articles were included in our analysis. Utilising inductive thematic analysis, this study identified attributes, antecedents and consequences of sleep disturbances. Important attributes included insomnia, disrupted sleep patterns, altered sleep duration/nocturnal sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Antecedents encompassed factors such as gender, age/grade levels, physical activity, screen time of digital production, mental health issues, COVID‐19‐related stressors, financial strain and academic stress. Consequences included both mental and physical health implications. By addressing sleep disturbances and promoting better sleep health among students, we can enhance their learning and performance, which could translate to improved patient care outcomes. Additionally, understanding and mitigating sleep disturbances can contribute to the development of a more resilient and effective health care workforce, capable of providing high‐quality care even during crises like the COVID‐19 pandemic. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to examine patients' preoperative COVID‐19 fear levels, hygiene behaviours, postoperative personal protective clinical measures, and their correlations with each other. Design: This research is a cross‐sectional type of study. Methods: The study sample consisted of 131 patients hospitalized in the general surgery inpatient ward of a hospital in Turkey. The sample was determined by G‐Power analysis. The data were collected in two stages in a research hospital between 1 April 2021 and 1 March 2022. Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, COVID‐19 Fear Scale, COVID‐19 Hygiene Scale were used before surgery; COVID‐19 personal protective clinical measures questionnaire was used after surgery. Descriptive statistics, independent t‐test, ANOVA test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. Results: It was determined that preoperative COVID‐19 fear levels, hygiene behaviours, and the personal protective clinical measures developed after the surgery were above moderate. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the COVID‐19 Fear Scale and the preoperative COVID‐19 Hygiene Scale and postoperative COVID‐19 personal protective clinical prevention questionnaire total score and sub‐dimension score averages. Patients' COVID‐19 fears, preoperative and postoperative hygiene behaviours are statistically significantly associated with each other at a low level; postoperative clinical precautions and preoperative hygiene behaviours are statistically significantly associated with each other at a high level. Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients are terrified of COVID‐19 while they are hospitalized due to surgical intervention during the pandemic process, and they increase their hygiene measures. It is thought that the results of the study will guide the regulation of clinical measures, patient education, and nursing care to be developed for patients during pandemic periods. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify subtypes of job crafting among Chinese nurses and to explore the characteristics of different subtypes and their relationship with work engagement. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A survey of 350 clinical nurses was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. Identify profile categories for nurses' job crafting using a latent profile analysis. Logistic regression and ANOVA were used to explore the characteristics of different categories of nurses' job crafting in terms of sociodemographic, work engagement variables. Results: Ultimately 3 latent profiles are identified: low job crafting (Class 1, N = 177, 50.7%), moderate job crafting (Class 2, N = 136, 38.9%), high job crafting (Class 3, N = 37, 10.5%). Nurses who are female, aged 31 to 40 and married are more likely to be grouped into Class 2. Nurses with a middle level of title are more likely to be grouped as Class 3. Nurses with high levels of work engagement are more likely to be grouped as Class 2 and Class 3 rather than Class 1. Conclusion: The job crafting has a distinctly classified character among Chinese nurses. 89.6% of nurses were at a low to medium level of job crafting, work engagement is an important predictor of nurses' job crafting. Nursing Managers should focus on the low job crafting group and develop targeted interventions to help nurses improve their job crafting and work engagement levels. Patient or Public Contribution: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate nurses' workload during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and to identify their perception of medical serviced robots (MSRs) that may help with or replace the tasks of nurses in negative‐pressure isolated wards and general wards. Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Methods: A researcher‐made questionnaire was applied that assessed nurses' current workload and their attitudes towards and perceptions of MSRs. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 1 to 10 was used to assess workload. Perceptions evaluated on a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from one point for 'strongly disagree' to five points for 'strongly agree'. A higher VAS score indicated a higher workload. On the other hands, a higher Likert score indicated a more positive perception and three points was neutral. The questionnaire was conducted on 150 nurses in negative‐pressure isolated wards for the management of COVID‐19 and 150 nurses in general wards. Quota sampling technique was used as sampling technique. Data analysis was performed through independent t‐tests, chi‐square tests and two‐tailed tests. The p‐value <0.05 was interpreted to statistically significant. Results: Two hundred eighty‐two participants responded and 142 belonged to the negative‐pressure isolated ward. The overall response rate was 94%, and 94.7% in the negative isolated ward. The mean score ± standard deviation for nursing‐related psychological stress at the current work site was 7.18 ± 1.58 points, and the mean score for physical workload was 7.65 ± 1.48. The need for MSRs was rated as 3.66 ± 0.86 out of 5. Overall, a positive attitude towards MSRs was confirmed, with no difference between ward groups. The overall ratings were 3.14 ± 1.15 for perceived availability and 3.26 ± 1.13 for perceived efficiency. Both nurse groups perceived that MSRs were most available and efficient for monitoring and measurements. Nurses in negative‐pressure isolated wards perceived MSRs more positively than did nurses in general wards regarding setting of alarms (p = 0.003) and delivery of medical devices/materials (p = 0.013). Based on these results, functional development of MSRs associated with monitoring, measurements, setting of alarms and delivery should be prioritized. No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: A rigorous examination of the occupational features across cultures helps draw policy recommendations for nurses' quality care practices and good health. This study aimed to explore the differences in work characteristics and health status between Korean and US hospital nurses. Design: For this comparative secondary data analysis study, we constructed a dataset with 304 pairs of nurses from Korea and the United States, matched by age and gender. Methods: We used the data from the 2020 Korean Hospital Nurses Health Behaviors and Health Status study, collected from May to July 2020, and the Nurse Worklife and Wellness Study (NWWS), conducted between November 2020 and February 2021. Results: Compared to nurses in the United States, Korean nurses rated their job‐related conditions much lower, had lower intentions to stay in their current workplace and were less satisfied with their jobs. Korean nurses reported that organizational support and employee health resources were less prevalent and their levels of healthy behaviour practice and health status were lower than their US counterparts. Nurses in Korea require better practice environments and employee health support. Adequate workload and staffing levels are needed to improve job conditions for Korean nurses. Organizational support and employee health resources should always be accessible at nurses' workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human activities have significantly contributed to a persistent climate change trend, posing substantial threats to human health. Nurses regularly interact with patients experiencing the consequences of climate change, making their engagement in addressing this issue crucial. Nonetheless, our understanding of nurses' viewpoints regarding climate change remains limited. Aim: This scoping review aims to identify practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change. Design: To fulfil this objective, a documentary search strategy was developed using an iterative process. Methods: The search strategy was tested in four bibliographic databases, as well as in the grey literature. A 2‐stage selection process was conducted, and relevant data were extracted from selected articles for analysis. Results: Twenty‐two scientific articles and 11 documents from nursing associations were selected. The findings suggest that while many nurses and nursing students are concerned about climate change and its effects on their patients' health, their role in addressing the climate crisis is not well understood. Many barriers such as having a heavy workload and the lack of support hindered their ability to adjust their practice in response to the changing climate. Furthermore, many expressed a need for trainings on climate change issues. Conclusions: These results raise a great and urgent demand for these professionals to receive appropriate training to cope with climatic threats to health. Future research should focus on the development of nursing climate leadership, and healthcare organizations should support nursing initiatives and help raise nurses' awareness regarding climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the mediating role of psychological resilience in the effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress in people with type 2 diabetes. Design: This study has a cross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical study. Methods: It was conducted with 184 people with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to a family health centre in Erzurum, the east of Turkey. The data were collected by using the 'Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire', 'Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)' and 'Scale of Ways of Coping With Stress (SWCS)'. The study was reported by following the STROBE recommendations. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method were used to analyse the data. This study was reported following the STROBE recommendations. Results: In the study, according to the model, the direct effect of strength of religious faith on SWCS (β = 0.564; p < 0.01) and BRS (β = 0.545; p < 0.01) was moderate, positive and significant. In addition, the effect of resilience on coping with stress (β = 0.320; p < 0.01) was also found to be moderate, positive and significant. The total effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress mediated by resilience (β = 0.738; p < 0.01) was found to be highly positive and significant. The model explains 61.7% of the variance in coping with stress. Fit index values according to the model were found as χ2 = 2368.02, df: 980, χ2/df 2.368, RMSEA 0.088, CFI 0.773, TLI 0.760 and SRMR 0.083. It was found that strength of religious faith had a positive effect on coping with stress in people with type‐2 diabetes, and this effect was strengthened by the mediating role of psychological resilience. Patient or Public Contribution: This study shows the effect of religious belief and psychological resilience in increasing the coping skills of people with type‐2 diabetes. Therefore, taking religious beliefs and spirituality into consideration in nursing care may increase patients' coping skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the effects of demographic characteristics, mental workload, and Adversity quotient (AQ) on the job engagement of nurses in East China. Design: A quantitative and cross‐sectional study. Method: The survey collected questionnaire data on mental workload, adversity quotient, and job engagement from 473 nurses selected working in 12 Grade‐A tertiary hospitals based on informed consent in East China between July 2020 and March 2021. Results: The total score of mental workload was 78.24 ± 11.65, the adversity quotient score was 128.26 ± 15.84, job engagement score was 42.32 ± 7.79. Job engagement has a remarkable positive correlation with adversity quotient (r = 0.613, p<0.001), and a negative correlation with mental workload (r = −0.499, p<0.001). Mental workload has an apparent negative correlation with adversity quotient (r = −0.291, p<0.001). Labor‐management relationship with current organization, department, study to get a degree or diploma in spare time, attitude towards a career in Nursing, attitude towards the current career position, satisfaction with marriage, social support, load feelings, self‐assessment, control, and endurance could predict 70.9% of job engagement of nurses. Conclusions: The mental workload of nurses was higher, the AQ was at a medium level, and the job engagement of nurses was also slightly higher. Labor‐management relationship with current organization, department, study to get a degree or diploma in spare time, attitude towards a career in Nursing, attitude towards the current career position, satisfaction with marriage, social support, load feelings, self‐assessment, control, and endurance had predictive effects on nurses' job engagement. It is necessary to take a variety of measures according to the social‐demographic characteristics, improve the adversity quotient, and evaluate the mental workload correctly, to improve the job engagement of nurses. Impact: The epidemic situation and other emergencies make the work pressure of nurses in Grade‐A tertiary hospitals increase suddenly. It should pay attention to the influence of different demographic factors, and pay attention to the correct guidance of work demand‐mental workload, as well as the cultivation, and improvement of job resource‐AQ, which can improve the job engagement of nurses to some extent. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to analyse the evolution of the public image of nursing in the context of the constantly developing nursing profession. Design: The Rodger's evolving concept analysis was applied. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for articles published between 1 January 2001, and 30 April 2022, using the search terms; "NURS * AND image". The selected literature was screened using Rodgers' evolutionary method to explore the attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept. Results: The defining attributes were identified as nursing (nursing as the collective object), public (public as the collective subject) and information (the medium of interaction between the collective subject and the collective object). Nursing elements were classified into intrinsic elements (professional spirit, professional knowledge and professional skills) and extrinsic (appearance, language and behaviour) elements. Public elements were further subcategorized into public categories (internal organizational public and external organizational public) and public perceptions (cognition, emotion and behavioural intention). The information elements are mainly classified as information generation, dissemination, identification, processing and judgement. The antecedents and consequences of the public perception of nursing were also identified. Conclusions: The public image of nursing is dynamic and has evolved over time. Its dynamism and malleability imply that the traditional public image of nursing can be improved through targeted interventions in nursing practice, management and education. Implications for the Profession: Identifying the antecedents and consequences associated with the public image of nursing will help the healthcare organizations adopt effective strategies to alleviate the shortage of the nursing workforce and promote the development of the nursing profession. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore internationally qualified nurses' perceptions regarding the facilitators and barriers to specialty skill transfer in Australia. Design: The study utilised a descriptive research design with a cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected from July to September 2022. Methods: A self‐designed survey was distributed through social media, snowballing and nursing professional organisations. The survey included six open‐ended questions which were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: Sixty‐three participants completed the open‐ended questions in the survey. The findings identified a range of facilitators (support, previous experience, self‐agency) and barriers (systems barriers, bias/discrimination, being undervalued, lack of trust) to skill transition. Conclusion: Recognising and addressing facilitators and barriers, coupled with creating customised pathways for specialty skill integration, are essential for optimising the utilisation of specialised skills in internationally qualified nurses. Impact: This study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators involved in maximising skill utilisation among internationally qualified nurses in Australia. Identifying these barriers and facilitators is essential for improving patient care, as it will guide the development of strategies for safe nursing service delivery and the optimisation of skill usage. These findings hold significant implications for policymakers, healthcare organisations and nurses, providing valuable insights into how to address these obstacles and capitalise on the factors that make skill transfer smoother and more effective. Patient or Public Contribution: Sixty‐three internationally qualified nurses shared their experiences and opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the experiences and needs of postgraduate nursing students within the Nigerian context. Design: This qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Method: Data were collected between February and April 2022 using a purposive sampling method and telephone semi‐structured interviews. Colaizzi's method of Qualitative data Analysis was utilized. Twenty‐two Nigerian postgraduate nursing students were interviewed. Results: Three themes emerged: challenges of Nigerian postgraduate students before the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on postgraduate education, and innovations to improve postgraduate education in Nigeria. The challenges include the burden of physical lectures, lack of infrastructure, and poor mentorship of postgraduate nursing students. The impact of the pandemic on postgraduate education includes abrupt disruption of the academic program, a prolonged academic calendar, and a communication gap between students and their research supervisors. Innovations to improve postgraduate nursing education in Nigeria also include adoption and sustainability of e‐learning, upgrading post‐basic to postgraduate nursing programmes, proper structuring of postgraduate nursing education, commencement of postgraduate nursing programmes in more universities and provision of financial aid for students. Our primary finding is that funding, mentorship and infrastructure were issues peculiar to all the respondents. Conclusion: This study concludes that efforts should be made to maintain a seamless educational program by ensuring an uninterrupted flow of learning through virtual means, thereby enhancing effective teaching and learning. Implications: Graduate nursing studies is one of the suggested solutions in the WHO strategic direction for nursing and midwifery globally to achieve Universal Health Coverage. The reason is that nurses can practice with more and better skills in any work setting, thus improving the quality of health care services. Our study provides insights into the experiences of postgraduate students and how these could discourage other nurses who might have thought about furthering their studies. Efforts should be made to provide all the support that these students need, using evidence from this study and similar studies to ensure they have a good learning experience and others can be motivated to learn at the graduate level as well. This will increase the proportion of nurses and midwives honed with better skills to provide more standard quality services that will improve patient care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Geriatric patients are increasingly dominating the daily routine in emergency department (ED). The atypical clinical presentation of disease, multimorbidity, frailty and cognitive impairment of geriatric patients pose particular challenges for triage in the ED. Efficient and accurate emergency triage plays a key role in differentiating between geriatric patients who need timely treatment and those who can wait safely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the modified Manchester Triage System (mMTS) in classifying geriatric patients. Design: An observational retrospective study. Methods: A retrospective study of 18,796 geriatric patients (≥65 years) attending the ED of a tertiary care hospital in Zhejiang province between 1 June 2020 and 30 June 2022. Baseline information on patients was collected and divided into two different study groups according to triage level: high priority (red/orange) and low priority (yellow/green). The sensitivity and specificity of the mMTS were estimated by verifying the triage classification received by the emergency geriatric patients and their survival at 7 days or the need for acute surgery within 72 h. Results: The study included a total of 17,764 geriatric patients with a median age of 72 years in ED. 10.7% (1896/17,764) of the geriatric patients were assigned to the high priority code group (red/orange) and 89.3% (15,868/17,764) were in the low priority code group (yellow/green). The sensitivity of the mMTS associated with death within 7 days was 85.7% (77.5–91.4), specificity was 89.8% (89.3–90.2), and accuracy was 89.8% (89.3–90.2). 1.8% of patients required surgery within 72 h. The sensitivity was 62.6% (57.0–67.9), specificity was 90.3% (89.8–90.7), and negative predictive value was 99.2% (99.0–99.4). Conclusions: The mMTS has good specificity, accuracy and negative predictive value for geriatric patients. However, its incorrect prediction of triage in high‐priority code patients results in lower sensitivity, which may serve as a protective strategy for these individuals. The current emergency triage system does not completely screen geriatric patients with severe acute illness who present to the ED, and it is necessary to add comprehensive assessment tools that match the characteristics of geriatric patients to improve triage outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore Finnish paramedics' perceptions of work‐related performance expectations in relation to work experience, and understand how organizational socialization contributes to understanding paramedics' performance expectations. Design: A qualitative design with a deductive‐inductive approach utilizing a social constructivist framework. The organizational socialization framework by Wanberg was used as the theoretical basis. Methods: Data were collected between May and August 2023, using group and individual interviews of newly graduated (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). Participants were recruited via social media channels. Data were first analyzed deductively, according to constructs of the organizational socialization framework (role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance), then inductively, using codes not utilized in the deductive phase. Data Sources: Interviewed Finnish paramedics (N = 22), both newly graduated paramedics (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). The interviews were performed remotely and then transcribed into text. Results: Our findings showed comparable performance expectations between newly graduated and experienced paramedics, mismatches in role clarity of paramedic work, challenges in both learning and upholding professional competence, and difficulties of social acceptance into the paramedic community. There were variations in how expectations were perceived between groups, indicating that experience might partly affect how paramedics identify and manage performance expectations. The organizational socialization framework enables the contextualization of these performance expectations. Conclusions and Implications: Paramedic work involves challenges to upholding clinical competence, aligning to a professional role, and social integration into the professional community. Our research contributes to understanding how paramedics perceive these challenges as performance expectations in different stages of their careers and how they could be managed utilizing a framework for organizational socialization. The socialization of paramedics into the workforce needs to account for these performance expectations, especially considering the changing paradigm of paramedic work, role, and societal expectations. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on sleep patterns and quality among nursing students in our college. Design: A cross‐sectional study was carried out. Methods: A total of 302 nursing students aged 18–25 years, representing both genders and various academic levels, participated in this study. A pre‐validated, self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality during COVID‐19 and it was distributed through various social media platforms for data collection. Results: Female students comprised the majority (92.1%) of participants. Of 332 nursing students, 302 completed the questionnaire, yielding a 91% response rate. Statistically significant differences were observed before and during the COVID‐19 lockdown regarding the need to sleep after waking, feeling refreshed upon waking, satisfaction with individual sleep patterns and experiencing restless and troubled sleep (p = 0.001). Additionally, approximately one‐third of nursing students (32.9%) reported poor sleep quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with minimal impact on the total sleep hours among the studied cohorts. Public Contribution: The COVID‐19 pandemic has statistically significant impacted nursing students' sleep quality and levels. Acknowledging these challenges and planning for providing supporting measurements is essential to ensuring that nursing students can maintain their physical and mental health, which is critical for their ability to provide quality healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop a conceptual framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making. Design: Miles & Huberman's bottom‐up approach to developing conceptual frameworks was followed, using data collected from a multiple embedded case study examining protocol‐based decision‐making by nurses in three hospital wards within a university hospital in northern Spain. Methods: The qualitative data from the case study, obtained through documentary analysis, observations, and interviews, underwent a secondary analysis consisting of four steps: data reduction, data display, comparison, and drawing conclusions. Results: The framework for protocol‐based care decision‐making comprises four components: (1) protocol‐based care, as a balance between standardisation and individualised care, (2) the process, (3) the context, and (4) the elements of protocol‐based care decision‐making. These components and their relationship as a context‐dependent, linear, variable and multifactorial process, directly influenced by the perception of risk, are described and illustrated. Conclusions: This study provides a rigorous bottom‐up framework for nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making. The framework could be a valuable resource for managers, clinical nurses, educators, and researchers to guide and evaluate nurses' decision‐making, leading to improved care quality and reduced variability in clinical practice. Furthermore, the framework lays a foundation for further research and practical applications. Impact: This study addressed the problem of understanding nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making and the need for a specific conceptual framework. The main findings of the study contribute to the development of a rigorous bottom‐up framework comprising four components of protocol‐based care decision‐making. The framework has the potential to improve care quality, reduce variability, enhance patient safety, and increase healthcare efficiency by guiding nurses' decision‐making in various healthcare settings. No Patient or Public Contribution: Patient or public contribution was not applicable since the study focused on nurses' decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To understand the perceptions and experiences of family caregivers of adult patients with dysphagia. Background: Dysphagia is a common symptom and burdens caregivers greatly. There is a growing body of studies concentrating on caregivers and caregiving experiences. However, no qualitative meta‐synthesis has been conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of family caregivers. Design: A qualitative meta‐ethnography. Methods: A search was conducted for relevant articles in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Ovid, Cochrane Library, ProQuest) and two Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data) from inception to February 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI‐QARI) was used to evaluate study quality. The meta‐ethnographic method was used to synthesize data from qualitative studies. The study was reported according to EQUATOR guidelines. Results: Eleven studies were included and three themes emerged: (1) emotion and perception, (2) change and challenge (3) adaption and coping. Conclusion: This review highlighted the challenges and positive coping experienced by caregivers. Findings directly inform the development and implementation of supportive interventions to reduce caregivers' stress and promote adaptive coping. Relevance to clinical practice: Pay attention to the needs of family caregivers of dysphagia. Family caregivers' perceived severity of dysphagia requires assessment. Caregivers need knowledge, support, and guidance to reduce their burden and fulfill their role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study analysed and summarized the correlation between various indicators of ICU nurses' personal lives, hospital work situation, social opinion, psychological assessment, and their intention to resign. Design: A descriptive quantitative study. Methods: This study was a multicentre questionnaire on factors influencing intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' intention to resign. This study was completed through the Critical Care E Institute (CCEI) and China Calm Therapy Research Group Academic Organization (CNCSG) by contacting ICU nurses in three hospitals in 34 provinces in China. The questionnaire was in the form of a cell phone WeChat scan code. The survey included 22 indicators, including basic information about nurses (marital and child status, personal income, etc.), hospital work (weekly working hours, night shift, hospital environment, etc.), and psychological symptoms. Results: A total of 1904 nurses were included in this study. Among them, 1060 (55.67%) had the intention to resign. In this study, among the 22 indicators involved, 16 factors, including hospital work hours, job title, satisfaction with current income, having children, and evaluation of the hospital, significantly impact nurses' intentions to resign (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that six indicators influenced nurses' choice of resignation intention (all p < 0.05), including hospital work time, professional title, income satisfaction, hospital work pride, satisfaction of nurses with the compassion and care given to them by their hospitals, and career vision score. The ROC curve showed that all six indicators were <0.70, but the model receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve constructed for the indicators was 0.756. In China, increasing the income of ICU nurses, fostering pride in hospital work, reducing working hours, ensuring smooth promotion processes, and enhancing career prospects can all decrease their likelihood of choosing to resign. Absorbing practical nursing management and work experience from other countries will help decrease the intention to resign within this group. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate and analyse inner strength of patients with peritoneal dialysis, explore the associations among inner strength, coping self‐efficacy (CSE) and medial coping modes. Design: This was a cross‐sectional study which was conducted in nephrology departments of two affiliated hospitals of a comprehensive university in China. Convenience sampling was chosen to collect data. Methods: A total of 191 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were recruited by convenience sampling in two hospitals. Data involved of sociodemographic and clinical materials, inner strength, CSE and medical coping modes were collected from the patients. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used to process and analyse the data. Results: The averaged score of inner strength was 95.74 (SD = 13.52). The inner strength, CSE and confrontation coping had positive associations with each other. Besides, inner strength and CSE was negatively associated with acceptance–resignation coping strategy, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rationale and Aim Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is a specialist who has acquired clinical skills to make complex decisions for a better professional practice. In the United States, this figure has been developed in different ways, but in some European countries, it is not yet fully developed, although it may imply a significant advance in terms of continuity and quality of care in patients with chronic or multiple pathologies, including cardiac ones and, more specifically, heart failure (HF). The follow‐up of HF patients in many countries has focused on the medical management of the process, neglecting all the other comprehensive health aspects that contribute to decompensation of HF, worsening quality indicators or patient satisfaction, and there are not updated reviews to clarify the relevance of APN in HF, comparing the results of APN interventions with doctors clinical practice, since the complexity of care that HF patients need makes it difficult to control the disease through regular treatment. For this reason, this systematic review was proposed in order to update the available knowledge on the effectiveness of APN interventions in HF patients, analysing four PICO questions (Patients, Interventions, Comparison and Outcomes): whether APN implies a reduction in the number of hospital readmissions, if it reduces mortality, if it has a positive cost‐benefit relationship and if it implies any improvement in the quality of life of HF patients. Design and Methods A systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA statement, searching at four databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Cuiden. Articles were selected based on the following criteria: English/Spanish language, up to 6 years since publication, and original quantitative studies of experimental, quasi‐experimental or observational character. Papers were excluded if they do not comply with CONSORT or STROBE checklists, and if they had not been published in journals indexed in JCR and/or SJR. For the analysis, two separate researchers used the Cochrane Handbook form for systematic reviews of intervention, collecting authorship variables, study methods, risks of bias, intervention and comparison groups, results obtained, PICO question or questions answered, and the main conclusions. Results A total of 43,754 patients participated in the 11 included studies for the development of this review, mostly from United States and non‐European countries, with a clearly visible lack of European publications. Regarding the results related to first PICO question, researches reviewed proved that APN implied a reduction in the number of hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure (up to 33%). Regarding the second question, mortality was always lower in groups assisted by APN versus in control groups (up to 7.8% vs. 17.7%). Regarding the third question, APN was cost‐effective in this type of patient as the cost reduction was eventually calculated in 1.9 million euros. Regarding the last question, quality of life of patients who have been cared for by an APN had notoriously improved, although one of the papers concluded that no significant differences were found. All the questions addressed obtained a positive answer; therefore, APN is a practice that reduced hospital readmissions and mortality in HF patients. The cost‐effectiveness is much better with APN than with usual care, and although the quality of life of HF patients seems to improve with APN, more studies are needed to support this focused on this.

Aim: To explore the experiences of Registered Nurses who administered medications to patients using the electronic medication administration record (eMAR) in Electronic Record for Intensive Care (eRIC) at one adult intensive care unit (ICU) in NSW, Australia. Design: The study research design used a qualitative descriptive exploratory approach that took place in two stages. Methods: Five participants attended one focus group followed by the observation of each participant as medications were administered to their assigned patient using the eMAR in eRIC. Results: From the data, three themes and one subtheme were identified. Themes included forcing nurses to work outside legal boundaries; patient safety; with a subtheme titled experiencing computer fatigue; and taking time away from the patient. To practise safely, nurses were required to implement workaround practices when using the new eMAR in ICU. Nurses also were concerned that the eMAR in eRIC took time away from the patient at the bedside and 'added more screen time' to their day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an overview of the research evidence on nurse staffing levels in acute hospitals, and how it has been applied to policy and practice, focussing primarily on the UK. Drawing on research reviews and examples of specific studies, we outline the current state of knowledge. Much of the evidence comes from cross‐sectional studies. More recently, longitudinal studies allow a causal link between staffing and outcomes to be inferred. Lack of specificity on staffing levels has hindered application of research findings to practice; research rarely specifies how many nurses are needed for safe and effective care. The most significant impediment to achieving safe staffing has been an underestimation of the number of RNs needed and overestimation of the potential for substitution, resulting in low baseline staffing and a national shortage of RNs. Repeatedly, new staffing solutions are sought rather than tackle the problem of too few RNs head‐on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The review aimed to present a synthesis of nurses' preparedness for infectious disease and the components of emergency preparedness. Design: Narrative synthesis. Methods: A systematic search and screening for relevant studies were conducted to locate the relevant articles. The included studies were examined for scientific quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The findings of included studies were synthesized by a narrative synthesis approach. Results: Totally 15 studies were included, and 4 themes associated with nurses' preparedness for pandemic were identified: knowledge and skills, psychological preparation, external resources, and attitude and intention. Conclusions: Most nurses express a positive willingness to respond to epidemics, although they do not believe they are adequately prepared. Some measures should be taken for improving nurses' emergency preparedness, including providing ongoing training, protective equipment, safe working environment and psychological intervention, improving nurses' resilience and accelerating the sharing of scientific information about epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse and describe the trends concerning nurse–parent partnerships in South Korean research, presenting their implications in paediatric care and guiding future directions for partnership research. Design: A scoping review. Methods: The scoping review was conducted according to the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. This review method consists of five stages: (1) identifying a research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting relevant studies, (4) charting the data extraction and (5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results. The studies reviewed were searched from electronic databases. Results: Thirty studies were analysed for general characteristics, type of research method and findings from quantitative and qualitative research. Among the quantitative research, factors associated with partnerships, such as self‐efficacy, quality of care and coping, were commonly associated with nurse–parent partnerships regardless of parent‐, child‐ and nurse‐related factors. The intervention methods included active parental participation and the development of educational materials. In the review of qualitative research, parents and paediatric nurses experienced that even when both groups occupied the same environment simultaneously, a disparity existed between the paediatric nurses' and parents' perceptions of their partnership experiences. Implications for the Profession: Strengthening nurse‐parent partnerships is crucial in improving health outcomes and quality of life for paediatric patients in South Korea. Effective collaboration, emphasizing mutual respect, effective communication, and shared decision‐making, is essential in paediatric nursing care. This requires ongoing research, including both parents and a multidisciplinary approach to build supportive relationships across various age groups. Recognizing parents as key members of the care team, with valuable insights and contributions, enhances care quality. Additionally, enhancing paediatric nurses' self‐efficacy, empowerment, and communication skills through continuous education is vital to improving parents' perceived quality of nursing. Partnership‐centred practices not only boost care quality but also fortify the bond between healthcare providers and families, promoting better health outcomes. No Patient or Public Contribution: This work did not incorporate patient or public contributions, as its methodology was centred on a scoping review approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe nursing students' perceptions of interaction in a multiplayer virtual reality (MPVR) simulation. Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Methods: Second‐semester nursing students (n = 24) participated in pairs in MPVR simulations and semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed deductively and inductively. Results: Four types of interaction in a MPVR simulation were identified: interaction between the students, interaction between the student and the virtual environment (VE), interaction between the student and the virtual patient (VP), and interaction between the student and the simulation facilitator. Interaction consisted of verbal and nonverbal interaction, as well as object manipulation and movement in the VE. The reasons for interaction were to coordinate the care, to assess the VP, and to implement VPs' care. Conclusions: MPVR simulation offered nursing students an opportunity to practice nurse‐to‐nurse interaction and interaction related to nurses' collaboration, which are essential skills in nursing practice. Students were also able to interact with the VP, which can promote students' nurse–patient interaction skills. Therefore, MPVR simulations can be utilized as a platform to enhance interaction skills of future healthcare professionals, which could improve patient safety. Patient or Public Contribution: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to explore the perception of nursing students regarding their engagement in digital learning environments. Design: At one of universities in Saudi Arabia, a qualitative descriptive study design was used among nursing students from various academic levels. Methods: Data were collected using focus group discussions among a sample of 23 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were used to report this study. Results: While sharing their perceptions the nursing students reflected on the behavioural and cognitive aspects of engagement, yet they did not include emotional aspects of engagement in their conceptualization. However, the results showed that, while they reflected on their experiences they tended to reflect on emotional aspects of engagement. According to the study's results, self‐paced studying, reflective exercises, and interaction with audiovisual and dynamic content all encourage the activation of past knowledge in online learning. The learning modality also was found to be a safe and convenient approach among the participating students. Digital learning presents as a promising educational approach that extends beyond the pandemic yet, efforts should be put in place to facilitate the optimal student engagement to meet learning outcomes. Further research is needed to measure its impact on engagement and other pertinent indicators objectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To analyse the bibliometric data of nursing journals covering general fields, specializations, skills and practices and investigate the influence of selection factors on the one‐year improved SCImago journal rank (SJR). Design: A bibliometric analysis. Methods: The study sample included academic journals in the field of nursing indexed in the Scopus and SJR database using data from 2020 to 2022. Quantile regression were performed that investigated the influence factors over the one‐year improved SJR when variables were found to be non‐normally distributed, characterized by extremely high kurtosis. Results: Results from 539 nursing journals retrieved from the Scopus and SCImago databases revealed that citation index remains the main factor that positively affects differences in SJR, while citable articles only affect the early stages of quantile regression. In addition, an excessively high number of research articles may negatively affect SJR, and the influence of self‐citations can initially be positive but become negative the following year. Citations continue to be the dominant factor, while the rapid growth in the number of articles and self‐citations must be addressed with caution. No Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the correlations between examination tolerance and anxiety, knowledge needs and examination cooperation in sedation‐free gastroscopy examinees. Design: Cross‐sectional survey using convenience sampling. Methods: A total of 170 healthy adults who underwent sedation‐free gastroenteroscopy were asked to complete a visual analogue scale (VAS) to rate their examination tolerance, the state anxiety questionnaire (S‐AI), a newly designed knowledge needs questionnaire and a cooperation questionnaire. Results: The VAS score was 4.47 ± 1.96, the state anxiety score was 39.46 ± 9.81, the total score for knowledge needs was 44.89 ± 11.02, and the average cooperation score was 2.47 ± 0.38. The VAS score during the examination positively correlated with the pretest state anxiety score and pretest knowledge needs score and negatively correlated with the examination cooperation score. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after undergoing the examination for the first time, anxiety, body position and swallowing control were the main factors influencing the examination tolerance of sedation‐free gastroscopy examinees. Patient or Public Contribution: We would like to thank the staff and patients of the participating hospital for their assistance and cooperation in performing the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]