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Supportive counseling and facilitated referrals to support organizations have shown positive effects on mental health and coping with domestic and family violence. However, the reasons why and how such effects are significant remain unknown. The current paper used data from a randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention implemented in Nepal among 140 abused pregnant women. The hypothesized mediating effects of self‐efficacy and social support on mental health and quality of life of abused pregnant women were tested using serial mediation analyses. Significance of parameter estimates and bias‐corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the indirect effects were generated using bootstrapping. The postintervention changes in self‐efficacy and social support were found to have significant mediating effects on the relationship between the intervention and changes in both mental health and quality of life of participants post intervention. The positive effects on outcomes were seen at follow‐up as well, though to a lesser extent. Further interventions should focus on enhancing abused women's self‐efficacy and social support to ensure their positive mental health and better lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is underway. However, there are not many studies on the use of masks, which are essential for infection prevention. This descriptive study aimed to understand the factors influencing the use of masks by Korean adults during COVID‐19. We conducted an online survey with 280 adults in South Korea between August and September 2020, analyzing the data using SPSS version 24.0. Multiple regression analyses were performed to understand the factors that influence individuals' use of masks. The participants' perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, other people's dignity, compliance with public order, reasonable decision making, and subjective norms explained 21.6% of mask use. Mask use is expected to increase further if people perceive a personal need to wear masks, if their peers perceive the importance of mask use, and if they possess civic consciousness that considers society as a whole. This paper makes a significant contribution to the field of public health, with evidence‐based recommendations for increasing mask use, going beyond simply attributing mask use to individual preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the energy drink consumption pattern of Korean nurses and related factors. A descriptive cross‐sectional design was utilized, and data were collected through a self‐reporting questionnaire. Participants were Korean nurses working in hospitals. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi‐square test, and binomial logistic regression test. A total of 388 nurses participated in the study. Approximately two‐thirds of the nurses consumed energy drinks in addition to caffeinated coffee and/or tea. They usually consumed energy drinks during working hours and at the workplace. In comparison with nonconsumers, nurses who consumed energy drinks perceived that they had a stimulating effect and could replace regular drinks. Having colleagues who consume energy drinks and perceiving that energy drinks had an arousal effect were shown to be associated factors for energy drink consumption; thus, it is necessary to develop educational strategies targeting these groups of nurses. The reasons for the dependence of hospital nurses on energy drinks should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, the importance of Advanced Care Planning has been recognized in Japan. However, it is still difficult for healthcare providers and patients to verbalize how they want to spend the last days of their lives and what unfinished business they have left to accomplish. This study aimed to clarify how nurses intervened to assist patients with cancer at the end of life to express their thoughts and concerns. Twenty‐four nurses were interviewed regarding how they intervened for patients' thoughts and concerns, and data were analyzed qualitatively using a modified grounded theory approach. A 25‐item scale was selected, and the questionnaires, which included the scale, were distributed to nurses in general wards, palliative care units, and home visiting nurse services. A total of 1864 responses were analyzed. Factor analysis and structural equation model analysis were used, and three factors were identified: "assessment and intervention," "basic care," and "knowledge and communication," which led to the formulation of an intervention structure model for uncovering thoughts and concerns. These results indicate the importance of basic care and communication during interventions for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol is a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach designed to improve perioperative outcomes for patients. This meta‐analysis aimed to identify and elaborate on the efficacy of this protocol in women undergoing gynecologic surgery. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 2021. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was a significant reduction in the length of stay, the time to first flatus and first defecation, complications, and readmission rates in patients undergoing enhanced recovery after surgery when compared to routine care. The rate of discharge on the first postoperative day significantly increased in patients from the enhanced recovery group. There was no significant difference in the surgery time and blood loss. In conclusion, the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol might have a positive effect on patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. However, there is still heterogeneity between the included studies, and we need more research to draw reliable conclusions that enhanced recovery after surgery is favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross‐sectional study aimed to test the influences of social support and emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression) on burn survivors' posttraumatic growth. A convenience sampling method was adopted to recruit 130 burn survivors from the department of burns and plastic surgery of a public hospital in Linyi, China. Data were collected using self‐reported questionnaires on social support, emotion regulation strategies, and posttraumatic growth. Structural equation modeling was performed to explore the associations among social support, emotion regulation strategies, and posttraumatic growth in burn survivors. The results showed that social support positively affected cognitive reappraisal and negatively affected expression suppression. Furthermore, it positively affected posttraumatic growth. Moreover, social support indirectly influenced posttraumatic growth through cognitive reappraisal, which implies that cognitive reappraisal played a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth. These findings provide new insights into the predictors of posttraumatic growth. Cognitive reappraisal and social support should be taken into account to improve burn survivors' posttraumatic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activities of nursing researchers have been constrained by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the types of support and related factors that nursing researchers hope to receive from academic societies during the pandemic and to obtain suggestions for the role of academic societies in supporting nursing researchers and expanding research. An online survey was conducted with 1532 Japan Academy of Nursing Science members. The survey included 19 items of potential support from the society during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as open‐ended questions. Data were analyzed statistically and qualitatively. For 9 of the 19 items, over 50% of respondents reported that they "needed" or "very much needed" support. Multivariate analysis results showed that younger respondents and those with family members requiring care were significantly more likely to report needs for some items. In the open‐ended comments, there were several suggestions for activities, including "Lobbying for revision of regulations on research implementation." Nursing researchers expressed needs for support that reflect their demographic characteristics and situations, including collaboration across organizations and securing research‐promotion and skill‐development opportunities online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turnover of new nurses is a critical issue that not only causes economic loss to hospitals but also negatively affects the quality of nursing services and patient care. This study examined the impact of workplace bullying, which is an external factor, and resilience, an internal factor, on new nurses' turnover intention. The participants of this study comprised 153 nurses from two tertiary hospitals located in Korea with more than 8 weeks but less than 12 months of work experience. The factors impacting the turnover intention of new nurses in tertiary hospitals were verbal and non‐verbal bullying (β = 0.27), tenacity (β = −0.24), not getting placement in the desired department (β = 0.17), and age group (β = 0.12). The regression model was significant (F = 9.23, p<0.001) based on hierarchical regression analysis, and the explanatory power of the model was 29%. It was concluded that reduction of verbal and non‐verbal bullying in the workplace, and programs that promote the tenacity of resilience, are necessary to reduce the turnover intention of new nurses in tertiary hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing care to methamphetamine‐related callout events in the prehospital environment is often complex and resource‐intensive, requiring staff to manage agitation and violence‐related side effects of methamphetamines. In Australia, emergency responders are increasingly required to attend events related to methamphetamines, even though reports suggest methamphetamine use across Australia has declined. The aim of the study was to explore Australian police and paramedic experiences attending methamphetamine‐related events. A qualitative descriptive phenomenology design was employed using semi‐structured interviews with employed police (10) and paramedics (8) from Australia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants described the complexities associated with providing prehospital care to people affected by methamphetamines. Participants described associated domestic/family violence, increased levels of violence, challenges with communication, and responder emotional and psychological distress and physical injury. Violence associated with methamphetamine use is a critical factor in prehospital care. Workplace violence and family/domestic violence are important issues that require further research to ensure families and staff are well supported and have the services they need to continue responding to people affected by methamphetamine use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grit, a personality trait characterized by having passion and perseverance for long‐term goals, has been linked to increased performance, retention, and well‐being in various fields. In the 15 years since the original grit scale was published, many studies have investigated factors that promote grit. However, a scale has not yet been developed measuring characteristics that can contribute to higher levels of grit. This study aimed to develop a novel scale to measure the psychological resources of grit. The Delphi technique was used to obtain consensus from a national and international panel of academics and practitioners who are experts in grit and related constructs. A total of 30 participants rated 100 scale items over three rounds of online surveys. Experts agreed that items selected for the final scale (n = 20) were essential, with 85% rating them as important or very important. The scale, called the Grit Psychological Resources Scale, has promise as a helpful tool for practitioners involved in staff development and building capabilities that contribute to goal achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of a life‐threatening illness, such as cancer, can have an array of health impacts and social and psychological well‐being can be compromised. This study compared differences in unmet care needs, social support, and hope of Taiwanese women with either newly diagnosed (n = 72) or recurring (n = 39) gynecological cancer at baseline (T0) and three follow‐up surveys every 2 months (T1; T2; T3). Sociodemographic questions and three standardized self‐administered questionnaires were used. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was used to analyze data. Women with recurrent cancer reported higher levels of care needs and lower levels of hope than those with a primary diagnosis. Significant positive correlations between social support and hope scores were observed for women with recurring cancer at T1 and T2. However, these women reported less hope at T3 compared to those with a primary diagnosis. Routine assessment of women's care needs related to their medical condition and provision of different kinds of support can aim to improve well‐being and their hope for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to growing evidence that student healthcare professionals find professional practicum stressful and that it negatively affects their mental health, a six‐session psychoeducation Resilience and Wellbeing Program was implemented by a professional counselor in Year 3 of the Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics at Griffith University, Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate student dietitians' perceptions of whether the program improved their ability to cope with practicum stressors. The study used a longitudinal cohort design, with students completing surveys at three time points: before and after the program and after the final practicum. The study was completed with two cohorts of students between 2018 and 2020 (n = 111). Most respondents (95%) found their professional practicum to be stressful or challenging on at least some occasions, mostly due to constantly being assessed (56%), finances (40%), and being away from usual supports (38%). Almost all students rated the program as having some value (99%), with the content about stress and self‐care the most highly rated. Qualitative comments revealed the program helped students to manage stress by prioritizing their personal needs. Students used stress management skills during the practicum to achieve balance in their lives, despite pandemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in China has increased dramatically, and timely linkage to care after being diagnosed with HIV is important to treatment success. This cross‐sectional study aims to utilize structural equation modeling to test a hypothesized model of timely linkage to care adapted from the HIV‐related stigma framework. Data were collected from 257 men who have sex with men living with HIV. The proportion of participants with timely linkage to care within 1 month was 63.42%. The model result showed a good fit. Higher HIV‐related stigma was significantly associated with a lower level of social support, mental health, maladaptive coping (three mechanism variables), and attitude toward linkage to care. Higher CD4+ T‐cell count, disclosure of HIV positivity to sexual partners, and greater convenience of accessing care were related to timely linkage to care (p < 0.05). These model results suggest that enhancing attention to family reactions and social support are needed for further research and interventions to accelerate newly diagnosed people's access to HIV care in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive‐predictive, cross‐sectional study aimed to explore organizational commitment and to determine the predictability of years of experience, level of education, position, perceived organizational support, and work–life balance on each component of organizational commitment. The participants included 234 nurses who were randomly selected from four general hospitals in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The research instruments included a demographic data form, the Organizational Commitment Scale, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and the Work–Life Balance Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. The results revealed that the nurses perceived the three components of organizational commitment at a moderate level. Years of experience, position, perceived organizational support, and work–life balance explained 38.0% of the total variance for affective commitment, 28.3% for continuance commitment, and 35.9% for normative commitment. The findings of this study can inform administrators and policymakers regarding the development of strategies to improve organizational commitment among nurses based on four predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at identifying the social determinants related to COVID‐19 infection in South Korea. This secondary analysis used data from the 2020 Community Health Survey, a nationwide sample taken to understand the health status of Korean residents. The participants were 220 970 adults 19 years of age or older. COVID‐19‐related social determinants were age, education level, marital status, household income, hypertension, eating habits, social support, and regional income. The risk of COVID‐19 infection increased in those who were under 40 years, were high school graduates or higher, were single, had a household income over US$ 4166.7, ate breakfast 5–7 times a week, had three or more helpers during COVID‐19, and lived in a region with above‐average income. Hypertension reduced the risk of COVID‐19 infection. In conclusion, adults with high socioeconomic activity showed a high risk for COVID‐19 infection, which was assumed to include only adults living in residential housing in the community. Further studies are required to include adults living in long‐term care or communal living facilities, known to be frequently infected with the corona virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate entry healthcare students experience many challenges during their academic journey. The impact of these challenges needs to be considered to support students through their training and education. In this study, we examined the impact of experiencing these role conflicts (at the outset of the academic year), for example, family and caring responsibilities, activities with family/friends, and daily tasks/chores, on the academic performance (at the end of the academic year) of graduate‐entry healthcare students. We also investigated the potential of students' self‐efficacy for learning to mitigate the extent to which such role conflicts impact academic performance. Findings demonstrate that the more graduate entry healthcare students experienced conflicts between their life responsibilities and their academic responsibilities, the worse their academic performance was across the year. This negative relationship was somewhat mitigated by high self‐efficacy for learning. The practical implications of our research suggest the need to provide specific mitigation strategies to support healthcare students regarding conflicts between their life/family responsibilities and their academic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the association between adding nurse aides and patient mortality in acute care settings. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a national healthcare administrative claims database. We identified patients who underwent planned surgery for six types of cancer from 2010 to 2017. Multivariable logistic analyses were used to examine the association between the nurse aide staffing level and patient outcomes. The primary outcomes were failure to rescue and 30‐day hospital mortality. We examined 330 666 in‐hospital patients. The median number of nurse aides per 100 occupied beds was 6.60 (interquartile range, 4.61–8.43). In the multivariable analysis, nurse aide staffing level was not significantly associated with failure to rescue or 30‐day hospital mortality. The Japanese government provides economic incentives to hospitals that hire more nurse aides, expecting that a higher nurse aide staffing level will help licensed nurses concentrate on the tasks that need their specialties. However, our findings suggest that adding nurse aides may not be associated with lower rates of failure to rescue or 30‐day hospital mortality in acute care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore New Zealand registered nurses' experiences of resilience and workplace adversity. Resilience research in nursing has concentrated on quantitative and individual aspects. Contextual factors have been largely ignored. This study addresses this gap by qualitatively researching and documenting nurses' experiences of resilience and workplace adversity. An online survey of New Zealand registered nurses was conducted in 2018. Qualitative responses were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. Three themes emerged: (i) perseverance; (ii) how the past influences my present resilience; and (iii) things I do to stay strong. Nurses rely on personal resilience to overcome workplace adversity. Health service organizations must implement policies and procedures that (i) reduce workplace adversity, and (ii) encourage and develop strategies for nurses to individually and collectively face adversity with resilience. Future research needs to explore how healthcare organizations can modify existing systems and structures to align with nurses' efforts to sustain and develop resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current conceptualizations of patient self‐advocacy focus on women with cancer, leaving knowledge of male self‐advocacy deficient. The purpose of this study is to describe the key components of self‐advocacy among men with cancer. Adult (≥18 years old) men with a history of invasive cancer were recruited from cancer clinics and registries. Trained researchers led individual semi‐structured interviews regarding participants' challenges, how they overcame those challenges, and barriers and facilitators to their self‐advocacy. All interviews were analyzed using descriptive content analysis methods and synthesized into major themes. These themes were refined after receiving feedback from key stakeholders. Participants (N = 28) reported three major self‐advocacy themes: (i) managing through information and planning; (ii) finding the best team and falling in line; and (iii) strategic social connections. These themes are richly described with representative quotations for each theme and subtheme. Based on these findings, existing models of patient self‐advocacy should be adjusted to encompass how men self‐advocate. Clinicians should consider how gender may impact how and why patients with cancer self‐advocate so that they can best support their patients in achieving patient‐centered care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of patient engagement in infection prevention and control remains to be stressed as a means of improving patient safety. This study aimed to determine nurses' awareness of infection prevention and control, assess patient and family education on infection prevention and control, and examine the effect of nurses' infection prevention and control awareness on patient and family education. A multi‐site, cross‐sectional study was conducted among 566 nurses in Hungary. Nurses responded to a questionnaire of three parts: demographics, infection prevention, and control awareness; healthcare‐associated infections, hand hygiene, and standard precautions; and patient and family education. High scores were reached in overall awareness and standard precautions. Nurses educated patients and family members the most on hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene. Nurses with higher awareness educated patients more than those with lower awareness, but the differences were only significant for respiratory hygiene and the reason for isolation. Nursing leaders are encouraged to enhance the culture that is based on nurse/patient partnership and to develop reminders to emphasize the importance of engaging patients and family members in infection prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Midwives significantly support women with unplanned pregnancies—promoting a shared perspective on the decision‐making process. This study aimed to develop a scale to support midwives to self‐assess their practice of this vital role. Following the derivation of scale items and pilot testing, the final version of the scale was administered to 531 midwives to establish internal consistency and construct criterion‐related validity. Through exploratory factor analysis, 35 items with a five‐factor structure were retained to form the midwifery practice self‐assessment scale to promote shared decision‐making in women with unplanned pregnancies. These factors illustrate midwives' general aptitude and competencies in understanding environmental factors, collaborating with significant others and the interprofessional group, forming rapport and problem sharing, focusing on consultation content, and promoting autonomous decision‐making. There were high and low scores on the scales after attendance of the workshops to support the decision‐making of women with unplanned pregnancies. The reliability analysis showed acceptable Cronbach's alpha values for the five factors, from 0.85 to 0.87. The scale was demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure that would help improve the quality of midwives' practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergencies can negatively affect the morbidity and mortality of nursing home residents. As nurses employed at nursing homes play a key role in such situations, their conceptualizations of emergency management should be considered to improve care. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify nurses' conceptualizations of managing emergencies in nursing homes. A qualitative research design was conducted using interviews with 20 nurses working in five different nursing homes in the Republic of Korea between September 2019 and August 2020. The data were analyzed using phenomenography. This study identified two main perspectives used by nurses in nursing homes to manage emergencies, depending on the resident's condition: emergency care and daily preventive care. Nurses' conceptualizations of care provided in emergencies were organized under the frames of assessment and intervention, whereas routine care carried out during daily life activities fell under the frame of prevention. This study's findings, which elucidate nurses' complex practical and experiential knowledge, provide insights for the development of emergency management training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of non‐alcoholic beer containing matured hop bitter acids on mood states among healthy adults older than 20 years. This study was an open‐label longitudinal intervention design in which each participant served as their control. For 3 weeks, we evaluated the effect of non‐alcoholic beer containing 35 mg of matured hop bitter acids on mood, sleep quality, and work performance. The data of 97 participants (age range: 23–72 years, median age: 42) were analyzed. After the intervention, we found that matured hop bitter acids significantly improved total mood state, including anxiety, depression, fatigue, and vigor, compared with the baseline. Furthermore, sleep quality and absolute presenteeism were significantly improved after the intervention compared with the baseline. The present exploratory study suggested that 3‐week supplementation with matured hop bitter acids improved mood and peripheral symptoms in persons of a wide range of ages. Although further investigation is needed, the findings suggested that non‐alcoholic beer in daily life might become a choice for maintaining mood states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontline healthcare professionals during the pandemic were exposed to the risk of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who were diagnosed with COVID‐19. This qualitative, descriptive study was conducted between July 20 and September 29, 2020. A total of 17 nurses were included by using purposeful and snowball sampling methods and interviewed. Video interviews were conducted through WhatsApp using a semistructured in‐depth interview form. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The experiences of nurses at the time of COVID‐19 diagnosis were categorized into three main themes: (a) personal experiences, (b) thoughts on the reasons for getting infected, and (c) social experiences. In conclusion, we shed light on the experiences of frontline nurses during pandemic who were exposed to COVID‐19. Individual, organizational, and social regulations and actions are needed for the management of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine factors associated with nurses' resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were collected in the latter half of 2020 from 904 nurses across Japan, Republic of Korea, Republic of Turkey, and the United States. The questionnaire included the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale 10, plus demographics and 20 questions about practice environment, workplace safety concerning infection control, COVID‐related experience, and organizational support. Fear of becoming infected, intention to leave nursing, and having had a positive COVID‐19 test were inversely associated with resilience (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that U.S. nurses had significantly greater resilience than nurses in the other countries examined (p < 0.001). Nurses reporting organization support and those who participated in policy and procedure development had higher resilience scores (p < 0.01). Organizational support, involving nurses in policy development, and country of practice were found to be important resilience factors in our research, which aligns with other findings. Further research is recommended to determine the optimal practice environment to support nurse resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the resilience of nurses who cared for patients with a confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis, as well as factors that potentially contributed to that resilience. A total of 23 frontline nurses who cared for patients with COVID‐19 were recruited from a COVID‐19–designated facility in Shanghai, China, using purposive sampling strategies. In‐depth interviews were conducted from March to May 2020. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and content analysis was used. Nurses exhibited psychological resilience while caring for patients with COVID‐19. They displayed an ability to bounce back from negative mental experiences and transform to a positive mindset to cope with the stress they faced. Factors that enhanced the nurses' resilience during the pandemic were their becoming familiar with infectious disease protocols, having a sense of professional achievement, receiving social support, having trust in the infection‐control response team in the hospital, and using self‐regulation strategies. This study could guide the design of future resilience‐enhancing interventions that provide positive coping strategies for nurses caring for individuals with infectious diseases during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace cyberbullying has emerged as a new issue. This study aimed to explore individual and organizational factors that affect nurses' workplace cyberbullying in hospital settings. A multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted using a self‐report questionnaire. Three tertiary and 18 general hospitals were selected from one city in Korea. A total of 270 nurses with 6 months to 10 years of experience in the current department were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with cyberbullying. Workplace cyberbullying was affected by self‐labeled victimization due to face‐to‐face bullying, subjective health level, years of experience as a nurse (β = 0.148, p = 0.009), and relation‐oriented nursing organizational culture. Face‐to‐face bullying must be addressed to prevent workplace cyberbullying. It is important to assist nurses to maintain good health—considering that, new nurses with less than 1 year of experience are vulnerable to being victimized. Effective prevention strategies should be prepared to control workplace cyberbullying in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping can buffer the effect of stress on well‐being. Information about factors predicting coping is essential knowledge for developing programs to promote effective coping among older people with dementia and serves as basic knowledge for further study. A cross‐sectional study design was employed to investigate the associated and predictive factors of coping. The factors were derived from the Stress Process Model for people with dementia. A group of 364 participants was determined by power analysis and purposively selected from out‐patient dementia clinics of hospitals in Thailand. Data were collected from interviews using questionnaires and were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the enter method of multiple regression analysis. With reference to the conceptual framework of the Stress Process Model, the results revealed that three background and context factors (gender, personal income, and relationships with family members), two stressor factors (cognitive ability, and self‐esteem), and four mediator factors (optimism, hope, hardiness, and perceived social support) were significantly related to coping. Of the variation in coping scores, 47% could be explained by hope, perceived social support, cognitive ability, and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19 pandemic has raised public awareness around disease protection. The aims in this study were to recruit participants from Australia and Germany to determine their use of personal protective equipment and COVID‐19 avoidance strategies using scales designed for this study. Principal components analysis with the Australian data revealed two factors in the Protection from Infection Scale, Self‐Care and Protective Behaviors, and a single factor in the Infection Avoidance Scale, with each scale demonstrating strong internal reliability. Data from German participants were used to confirm the scales' structure using confirmatory factor analysis. A comparison of the two data sets data revealed that Australian participants scored higher overall on protection and avoidance strategies but at the item level there were several commonalities, including self‐care behaviors people adopted to avoid contracting COVID‐19. With no foreseeable end to this pandemic, it is important that follow‐up studies ascertain whether the public continues to adopt high levels of PPE use and follows government advice or if pandemic fatigue sets in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the maximum intensity of postoperative pain at rest in 620 adults after an elective surgery as well as to determine demographic and clinical predictors of pain. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate the preoperative mental condition of the patient. Preoperative and postoperative pain were assessed at rest based on the Numeric Rating Scale (range: 0–10). The total median maximum intensity of pain was 3 (interquartile range: 1–5). The linear regression model for the maximum intensity of postoperative pain was statistically significant and very well fitted – the coefficient of determination was 62%. Preoperative anxiety, pain, cancer, a medical history of thyroid (vs abdominal) surgery, and an operation resulting in major (vs moderate) tissue injury have a positive impact on the maximum intensity of postoperative pain. Eye surgery and lower limb operations gave lower scores than abdominal surgery. The early identification of these predictors in patients at risk for postoperative pain will help in preparing an individual pain management plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]