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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, one of the largest cities in China. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous psychological impact on the public due to its high rate of infectivity and mortality—various stressors associated with COVID-19 and associated psychological stress. Interventions to reduce stress and increase environmental support are critical to lowering psychological pressure during infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The strategy to determine the selection of studies that have been found, the author uses a protocol and evaluation uses the PRISMA Checklist and is adjusted to the purpose of this literature review. Searching for literature sources in this literature review uses several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect. Psychological capital has a vital role in generating entrepreneurial intentions and building business mentality in students in starting startups during the COVID-19 pandemic. A person is more likely to be psychologically affected during periods of self-isolation due to loss of social connections and more excellent isolation, which usually disrupts active routines and ways of life. There are four dimensions of psychological capital, namely: self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience.

Birth rate through Caesarean surgery (C-section) keeps increasing globally. Research states that expecting mothers suffer from anxiety prior to C-section. Impacts of pre-Caesarean anxiety are increasing post-Caesarean pain, increasing analgesic need, longer hospitalization, and postpartum depression. One of the methods to overcome anxiety before C-section is conducting Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) therapy. This study described the influence of PMR therapy on anxiety level of Pre-Caesarean mothers in the Surgery Room of RSUD dr Haryoto, Lumajang. The study used quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group design. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling and the number of the sample was 26 respondents. The instrument for PMR therapy was PMR therapy tool. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to measure anxiety level. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) had a significant influence towards decreasing level of anxiety for the pre-Caesarean mothers (p= 0.000). Anxiety will cause physiological tension, one of which is characterized by muscle tension. Muscle relaxation will lower the physiological tension that will ultimately decrease anxiety. Therefore, PMR may become an alternative therapy to overcome anxiety, especially anxiety before sectio caesarean surgery.